The Multidimensional and Centred Structure of Our Interested Perception in Hierocles

O objectivo desta dissertação é identificar a estrutura da percepção tal como ela é desenhada por Hiérocles nos 1!(?%&'(). Para alcançar este objectivo focar-me-ei na análise que o filósofo estóico leva a cabo em torno da percepção. O foco começa por incindir sobre a distinção entre percepção de si e percepção do exterior, com todas as suas subtilezas. Tal análise implicará então a consideração da importância da não-indiferença nessa estrutura de percepção. O objectivo é compreender como a percepção é sempre relacional e interessada. . Centrar-me-ei então na noção de !"#%&'(), tentanto explorar a complexidade e multiplicidade do fenómeno em causa. Será também estabalecida a relação com o fragmento de Estobeu (6.671), que é, a par da obra, a fonte mais importante do pensamento de Hiérocles. Através desta relação introduzir-se-á a estrutura circular e concêntrica de uma percepção relacional e interessada. Toda esta dissertação será levada a cabo focando-se principalmente nos textos do próprio Hiérocles

La “autoeficacia" y su relación con un manejo sustentable en horticultores “tecnificados” de La Plata, Argentina

El desarrollo de sistemas sustentables requiere un contexto a favor y un agricultor predispuesto hacia el cambio. Un factor propio de las personas que influye en su forma de actuar es la autoeficacia, por lo tanto su comprensión y evaluación en agricultores es un paso hacia la sustentabilidad de los sistemas. Se evaluó la autoeficacia y el manejo sustentable en 4 agricultores tecnificados del Cinturón Hortícola Platense, a través de la metodología de indicadores. Estos agricultores, mostraron una alta autoeficacia respecto al manejo de los recursos intraprediales (suelo y biodiversidad), pero baja en relación a los recursos extraprediales (agua, aire y energía). El manejo de sus fincas no resultó sustentable. Esta alta autoeficacia en los recursos internos representa un impedimento para avanzar hacia sistemas más sustentables, ya que los agricultores serían más resistentes al cambio de su estilo de producción.Sustainable systems development requires a propitious context and a farmer predisposition toward change. A very important behavior component is self-efficacy, therefore its evaluation and understanding in farmers is a step towards systems sustainability. The self-efficacy and sustainable management were evaluated in 4 farmers by La Plata, through indicators methodology. These farmers have a high self-efficacy about internal resources (soil and biodiversity), but low in external resources (water, air and energy). The farm management was not sustainable. This high self-efficacy on internal resources, represents an impediment to achieving sustainable systems, because farmers would be more resistant to change their production way.Eje A4: Ambiente, Naturaleza y Agroecologí

ANALYSIS OF SPORT PERFORMANCE BY MEANS OF A DLT-2D BASED PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SYSTEM

The aim of this study was to validate and apply a bi-dimensional photogrammetric video system to collective and cyclic sports. Twenty-one football matches were filmed using three video-cameras positioned at the main stand of the stadiums and computerized analysis of the films was performed using DLT (direct lineal transformation) based algorithms. This procedure was used during the FIFA under-17 World Championship Finland 2003 and the FIFA Confederations Cup 2005 to obtain a detailed kinematical analysis of high-standard official’s physical and technical match-performance. In another study, the frequency and amplitude of cycle of 2 subjects swimming 400m at incremental progressive velocities were analysed with the same methodology

ANALYSIS OF STROKE, COORDINATIVE AND TEMPORAL PARAMETERS IN TRANSITION FROM UNDERWATER TO SURFACE SWIMMING

The objective of this study was to characterize the stroking, coordinative and temporal parameters of international swimmers during transition from underwater to surface swimming. 12 international junior swimmers were filmed on the four strokes and they wre video analysed using DLT-20 algorithms to calculate the swimming velocity, stroking rate and stroking length at emersion as well as the index of coordination (IdC) and the % of each stroke phase duration on the complete cycle. The descriptive analysis of these data showed higher swimming velocity, stroking rate and IdC but shorter stroking length than previous studies characterizing free swimming. Also, the relative duration of the non-propulsive stroke phases was shorter when emerging from underwater. Therefore, the stroke, coordinative and temporal parameters should also be monitored during the transition phase of the swimming start and turns

How Should the Transition from Underwater to Surface Swimming Be Performed by Competitive Swimmers?

Despite the increasing importance of the underwater segment of start and turns in competition and its positive influence on the subsequent surface swimming, there is no evidence on how the transition from underwater to surface swimming should be performed. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the role of segmental, kinematic and coordinative parameters on the swimming velocity during the pre-transition and transition phases. A total of 30 national male swimmers performed 4 × 25 m (one each stroke) from a push start at maximum velocity while recorded from a lateral view by two sequential cameras (50 Hz), and their kinematic and coordinative swimming parameters were calculated by means of two-dimensional direct linear transformation (DLT) algorithms. Unlike pre-transition, backward regression analysis of transition significantly predicted swimming velocity in all strokes except breaststroke (R2 ranging from 0.263 in front crawl to 0.364 in butterfly). The inter-limb coordination was a predictor in butterfly stroke (p = 0.006), whereas the body depth and inclination were predictors in the alternate strokes (front crawl (p = 0.05) and backstroke (p = 0.04)). These results suggest that the body position and coordinative swimming parameters (apart from kicking or stroking rate and length) have an important influence on the transition performance, which depends on the swimming strokes.post-print1076 K

Evolution of the Hurdle-Unit Kinematic Parameters in the 60 m Indoor Hurdle Race.

The aims of this study were to compare the five hurdle-unit split times from the deterministic model with the hurdle-to-hurdle model and with the official time, to compare the step kinematics of each hurdle-unit intervals, and to relate these variables to their respective hurdle-unit split times. The temporal and spatial parameters of the 60 m hurdles race were calculated during the 44th Spanish and 12th IAAF World Indoor Championships (men: n = 59; women: n = 51). The hurdle-unit split times from the deterministic model showed a high correlation (r = 0.99; p < 0.001) with the split times of the hurdle-to-hurdle model and faster split times were related to shorter step and flight times in hurdle steps for both genders. At the first hurdle, male athletes tended to increase their flight and contact times while the tendency of female athletes was to decrease their contact and flight times. In addition, at the first hurdle, both genders presented shorter take-off distance, shorter landing distance, and greater step width than in the remaining hurdles of the race. Therefore, coaches should implement training programs that have an impact on these key variables according to the specific demands of each hurdle-unit phase and gender.post-print2650 K

The Transition from Underwater to Surface Swimming During the Push-off Start in Competitive Swimmers.

The objective of the present study was to analyze (based on gender and the style of swimming) the kinematic parameters of the transition phase between underwater swimming and surface swimming after the push-off start in competitive national swimmers. Seventy-four swimmers participating in the Spanish Swimming Championships were filmed and analyzed by DLT-2D photogrammetry during the start with the push-off in crawl, backstroke and butterfly styles. Between genders there were small differences in the distance and speed of transition. The male swimmers travelled greater distances (0.84 ± 0.04 vs. 0.66 ± 0.04 m, η2 = 0.05, F = 10.34, p < 0.001) and they were faster (1.59 ± 0.03 vs. 1.38 ± 0.03 m/s, η2 = 0.08, F = 19.54, p < 0.001) in the transition phase than female swimmers. Among styles there were greater differences in time (η2 = 0.47, F = 94.50, p < 0.001) and transition distance (η2 = 0.38, F = 67.08, p < 0.001), than in speed (η2 = 0.05, F = 5.63, p < 0.001). During the backstroke push-off, swimmers spent more time (0.88 ± 0.04 s) and distance (1.17 ± 0.05 m), this being the slowest style (1.37 ± 0.04 m/s). In butterfly, athletes used less time (0.26 ± 0.03 s) and distance (0.39 ± 0.05 m) whereas crawl was the fastest of all (1.57 ± 0.04 m/s). These results allow the phase of transition from underwater to surface swimming to be characterized and to provide useful data for competitive swimmers and coaches to improve performance.post-print331 K

VR BioViewer - A new interactive-visual model to represent medical information

Virtual reality (VR) techniques to understand and obtain conclusions of data in an easy way are being used by the scientific community. However, these techniques are not used frequently for analyzing large amounts of data in life sciences, particularly in genomics, due to the high complexity of data (curse of dimensionality). Nevertheless, new approaches that allow to bring out the real important data characteristics, arise the possibility of constructing VR spaces to visually understand the intrinsic nature of data. It is well known the benefits of representing high dimensional data in tridimensional spaces by means of dimensionality reduction and transformation techniques, complemented with a strong component of interaction methods. Thus, a novel framework, designed for helping to visualize and interact with data about diseases, is presented. In this paper, the framework is applied to the Van't Veer breast cancer dataset is used, while oncologists from La Paz Hospital (Madrid) are interacting with the obtained results. That is to say a first attempt to generate a visually tangible model of breast cancer disease in order to support the experience of oncologists is presented

Treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater in a UASB reactor and an anaerobic filter

A study was performed to assess the feasibility of anaerobic treatment of slaughterhouse wastewaters in a UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactor and in an AF (Anaerobic Filter). Among the different streams generated, the slaughter line showed the highest organic content with an average COD of 8000 mg/l, of which 70% was proteins. The suspended solids content represented between 15 and 30% of the COD. Both reactors had a working volume of 21. They were operated at 37°C. The UASB reactor was run at OLR (Organic Loading Rates) of 1–6.5 kg COD/m3/day. The COD removal was 90% for OLR up to 5 kg COD/m3/day and 60% for an OLR of 6.5 kg COD/m3/day. For similar organic loading rates, the AF showed lower removal efficiencies and lower percentages of methanization. At higher OLR sludge, flotation occurred and consequently the active biomass was washed out from the filter. The results indicated that anaerobic treatment systems are applicable to slaughterhouse wastewaters and that the UASB reactor shows a better performance, giving higher COD removal efficiencies than the AF

Effects of Six Weeks of Flywheel Single-Leg Romanian Deadlift Training on Speed, Jumping and Change of Direction Performance.

Several studies have confirmed the efficacy of flywheel training, mainly in the bilateral half-squat exercise. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of single-leg Romanian deadlift flywheel training on speed, jumping and change of direction performance. Seventeen young healthy males underwent two periods of 3-week training based on two weekly sessions of 3 sets × 7 repetitions or 4 sets × 7 repetitions of single-leg Romanian deadlifts (0.037 kg/m² moment inertia) with their dominant and non-dominant leg. After the first three weeks of the program, the CMJ, the 10 m, 30 m and total sprint times, as well as the COD-90 test, presented likely substantial beneficial effects and a small decrease in the relationship between the sprint and COD-90 test performance. After the second period of the three-week training, likely detrimental effects were observed in some of the change of direction conditions and an increase in the relationship between the sprint and the COD-180 performance. It could be hypothesized that most of the flywheel training effects reported in the traditional protocols lasting a minimum of 5–6 weeks would occur in the first weeks of training.post-print1482 K