Concepções sobre a tecnologia de novos estudantes de carreiras científico-tecnológicas na Argentina

This research paper presents an analysis of the opinion of new students of the undergraduate programs in Biotechnology and Food Engineering of the National University of Quilmes (Argentina) —UNQ—, about various aspects of Technology (T). The COCTS test (Vázquez et al., 2006) was used as an instrument and analyzing the answers were analyzed with statistical and non-statistical methods. This methodology presents variations with respect to those normally used when applying said test. The study showed that students have visions about T that are far from those held by specialists. Even inconsistencies were detected within the same opinions, which could indicate the lack of a coherent mental model about the phenomenon. As for the methodological proposals, they were useful to show behaviors that the previous methods did not show. A lack of the essential components of scientific literacy was observed in students who have chosen a technological scientific career (Biotechnology, Food Engineering).Este trabajo presenta el análisis de la opinión de alumnos nóveles de las carreras de licenciatura en Biotecnología e Ingeniería en Alimentos de la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (Argentina) UNQ, acerca de diversos aspectos de la Tecnología (T). Se utilizó como instrumento el Cuestionario de Opiniones sobre Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad cocts (Vázquez et al., 2006) y se analizaron las respuestas con métodos estadísticos y no estadísticos. Esta metodología presenta variaciones respecto a las que habitualmente se utilizan al aplicar dicho cuestionario. El estudio mostró que los estudiantes poseen visiones sobre la T, que están alejadas de las sostenidas por los especialistas. Incluso, se detectaron incoherencias dentro de las mismas opiniones, lo que podría indicar la falta de un modelo mental coherente acerca del fenómeno. En cuanto a las propuestas metodológicas, resultaron útiles para mostrar comportamientos que los métodos anteriores no evidenciaban. Se observó una carencia de los componentes esenciales de la alfabetización científica en alumnos que han elegido una carrera científico tecnológica (Biotecnología, Ingeniería en Alimentos).Este artigo de pesquisa apresenta a análise da opinião de novos alunos dos programas de graduação em Biotecnologia e Engenharia de Alimentos da Universidade Nacional de Quilmes (Argentina) sobre Tecnologia (T). O questionário cocts (Vázquez et al., 2006) foi utilizado como instrumento e as respostas foram analisadas com métodos estatísticos e não estatísticos. Essa metodologia apresenta variações em relação àquelas normalmente utilizadas na aplicação do referido questionário. O estudo mostrou que os alunos têm visões sobre a T que estão longe das realizadas por especialistas. Até inconsistências foram detectadas nas mesmas opiniões, o que poderia indicar a falta de um modelo mental coerente sobre o fenômeno. Quanto às propostas metodológicas, elas foram úteis para mostrar comportamentos que os métodos anteriores não mostraram. A carência dos componentes essenciais da literacia científica foi observada nos alunos que optaram pela carreira científica tecnológica (Biotecnologia, Engenharia de Alimentos)

WIMUMO project: A wearable open device for physiological signals acquisition

En el cuerpo humano se producen y transportan un sinnúmero de señales de distintos tipos. Algunas de ellas son eléctricas como los biopotenciales, otras físicoquímicas como variaciones de humedad y temperatura, o mecánicas como aquellas producidas por movimientos. El objetivo del proyecto WIMUMO (WIreless MUlti-MOdal Acquisition Platform) es desarrollar una plataforma abierta para la captura de estas señales multimodo y proporcionar un equipo simple de utilizar y de integrar a distintas aplicaciones. El dispositivo está orientado a aplicaciones de investigación, didácticas, artísticas, de entretenimiento y para interfaces humano-máquina alternativas (HMI); posee conectividad WiFi y un servidor web que permite visualizar y disponer de las señales adquiridas. Una capa de funciones básicas puede utilizarse directamente desde un browser estándar, sobre plataformas diversas como teléfonos celulares, tablets o computadoras personales. El desarrollo de WIMUMO implica adoptar múltiples decisiones desde la fuente de alimentación y conectividad hasta etapas de instrumentación y seguridad eléctrica. Actualmente se dispone de una primera versión que fue utilizada en performances artísticas, de la cual se presentan resultados experimentales. Un objetivo subyacente de esta presentación es obtener una realimentación de la comunidad a fin de definir las especificaciones de una segunda versión que estará disponible como un proyecto abierto.Countless signals of different types are produced and flow inside the human body. Some of them, such as biopotentials, are electric, others physicochemical, such as variations in humidity and temperature, or mechanical as those produced by movements. The objective of the WIMUMO (WIreless MUlti-MOdal Acquisition Platform) project is the development of an open platform for acquiring these multimodal signals, thus providing an easy-to-use equipment to integrate into different applications. The device is intended for research, teaching, artistic performances, and entertainment applications, and can be used for particular applications such as alternative human-machine interfaces (HMIs); it has WiFi connectivity and implements a webserver that allows to visualize and use the acquired signals. A set of basic functions can be used directly from a standard browser, on various platforms such as cell phones, tablets, or personal computers. The development of WIMUMO involves multiple design decisions from its power supply and connectivity to instrumentation circuits and electrical safety issues. A first prototype was built and used in artistic performances, and experimental results are presented. An underlying objective of this work is to obtain feedback from the community in order to define the specifications for a second version that will be available as an open project.Fil: Guerrero, Federico Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Electrónica, Control y Procesamiento de Señales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Electrónica, Control y Procesamiento de Señales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrotecnia; ArgentinaFil: Madou, Rocío. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Electrónica, Control y Procesamiento de Señales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Electrónica, Control y Procesamiento de Señales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrotecnia; ArgentinaFil: Catacora, Valentin Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Electrónica, Control y Procesamiento de Señales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Electrónica, Control y Procesamiento de Señales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrotecnia; ArgentinaFil: Haberman, Marcelo Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Electrónica, Control y Procesamiento de Señales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Electrónica, Control y Procesamiento de Señales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrotecnia; ArgentinaFil: García, Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Electrónica, Control y Procesamiento de Señales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Electrónica, Control y Procesamiento de Señales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrotecnia; ArgentinaFil: Veiga, Alejandro Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Electrónica, Control y Procesamiento de Señales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Electrónica, Control y Procesamiento de Señales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrotecnia; ArgentinaFil: Spinelli, Enrique Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Electrónica, Control y Procesamiento de Señales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Electrónica, Control y Procesamiento de Señales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrotecnia; Argentin

WIMUMO Project: A Wearable Open Device for Physiological Signals Acquisition

En el cuerpo humano se producen y transportan un sinnúmero de señales de distintos tipos. Algunas de ellas son eléctricas como los biopotenciales, otras físicoquímicas como variaciones de humedad y temperatura, o mecánicas como aquellas producidas por movimientos. El objetivo del proyecto WIMUMO (WIreless MUlti-MOdal Acquisition Platform) es desarrollar una plataforma abierta para la captura de estas señales multimodo y proporcionar un equipo simple de utilizar y de integrar a distintas aplicaciones. El dispositivo está orientado a aplicaciones de investigación, didácticas, artísticas, de entretenimiento y para interfaces humano-máquina alternativas (HMI); posee conectividad WiFi y un servidor web que permite visualizar y disponer de las señales adquiridas. Una capa de funciones básicas puede utilizarse directamente desde un browser estándar, sobre plataformas diversas como teléfonos celulares, tablets o computadoras personales. El desarrollo de WIMUMO implica adoptar múltiples decisiones desde la fuente de alimentación y conectividad hasta etapas de instrumentación y seguridad eléctrica. Actualmente se dispone de una primera versión que fue utilizada en performances artísticas, de la cual se presentan resultados experimentales. Un objetivo subyacente de esta presentación es obtener una realimentación de la comunidad a fin de definir las especificaciones de una segunda versión que estará disponible como un proyecto abierto.Countless signals of different types are produced and flow inside the human body. Some of them, such as biopotentials, are electric, others physicochemical, such as variations in humidity and temperature, or mechanical as those produced by movements. The objective of the WIMUMO (WIreless MUlti-MOdal Acquisition Platform) project is the development of an open platform for acquiring these multimodal signals, thus providing an easy-to-use equipment to integrate into different applications. The device is intended for research, teaching, artistic performances, and entertainment applications, and can be used for particular applications such as alternative human-machine interfaces (HMIs); it has WiFi connectivity and implements a web-server that allows to visualize and use the acquired signals. A set of basic functions can be used directly from a standard browser, on various platforms such as cell phones, tablets, or personal computers. The development of WIMUMO involves multiple design decisions from its power supply and connectivity to instrumentation circuits and electrical safety issues. A first prototype was built and used in artistic performances, and experimental results are presented. An underlying objective of this work is to obtain feedback from the community in order to define the specifications for a second version that will be available as an open project.Instituto de Investigaciones en Electrónica, Control y Procesamiento de Señale

Impact of Morbid Obesity and Obesity Phenotype on Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

There is a paucity of outcome data on patients who are morbidly obese (MO) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement. We aimed to determine their periprocedural and midterm outcomes and investigate the impact of obesity phenotype. Consecutive patients who are MO (body mass index, ≥40 kg/m 2, or ≥35 kg/m 2 with obesity-related comorbidities; n=910) with severe aortic stenosis who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement in 18 tertiary hospitals were compared with a nonobese cohort (body mass index, 18.5-29.9 kg/m 2, n=2264). Propensity-score matching resulted in 770 pairs. Pre-transcatheter aortic valve replacement computed tomography scans were centrally analyzed to assess adipose tissue distribution; epicardial, abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat. Major vascular complications were more common (6.6% versus 4.3%; P =0.043) and device success was less frequent (84.4% versus 88.1%; P =0.038) in the MO group. Freedom from all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were similar at 2 years (79.4 versus 80.6%, P =0.731; and 88.7 versus 87.4%, P =0.699; MO and nonobese, respectively). Multivariable analysis identified baseline glomerular filtration rate and nontransfemoral access as independent predictors of 2-year mortality in the MO group. An adverse MO phenotype with an abdominal visceral adipose tissue:subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio ≥1 (VAT:SAT) was associated with increased 2-year all-cause (hazard ratio [HR], 3.06; 95% CI, 1.20-7.77; P =0.019) and cardiovascular (hazard ratio, 4.11; 95% CI, 1.06-15.90; P =0.041) mortality, and readmissions (HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.07-3.07; P =0.027). After multivariable analysis, a (VAT:SAT) ratio ≥1 remained a strong predictor of 2-year mortality (hazard ratio, 2.78; P =0.035). Transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients who are MO has similar short- and midterm outcomes to nonobese patients, despite higher major vascular complications and lower device success. An abdominal VAT:SAT ratio ≥1 identifies an obesity phenotype at higher risk of adverse clinical outcomes

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2013: volume 2: metodologias de ensino e a apropriação de conhecimento pelos alunos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2013: volume 2: metodologias de ensino e a apropriação de conhecimento pelos alunos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research