Utilidad de la Guía Didáctica de Teledetección y Medio Ambiente para la enseñanza activa de la Geografía

La guía está concebida como un atlas en el que se ha compilado una abundante colección de imágenes de la Tierra y de los océanos, adquiridas desde distintos satélites, plataformas espaciales tripuladas y desde la Estación Espacial Internacional. Ilustran distintos fenómenos y riesgos naturales y diferentes impactos provocados por el hombre sobre los recursos naturales. En resumen, se trata de un recurso didáctico para la enseñanza activa de la Geografía, y de otras ciencias afines, en Secundaria y Bachillerato. También se comentan las razones que dificultan el empleo de este tipo de recursos audiovisuales en las aulas.Peer reviewe

Polarimetry of an Intermediate-age Open Cluster: NGC 5617

We present polarimetric observations in the UBVRI bands of 72 stars located in the direction of the medium age open cluster NGC 5617. Our intention is to use polarimetry as a tool membership identification, by building on previous investigations intended mainly to determine the cluster's general characteristics rather than provide membership suitable for studies such as stellar content and metallicity, as well as study the characteristics of the dust lying between the Sun and the cluster. The obsevations were carried out using the five-channel photopolarimeter of the Torino Astronomical Observatory attached to the 2.15m telescope at the Complejo Astron\'omico El Leoncito (CASLEO; Argentina. We are able to add 32 stars to the list of members of NGC 5617, and review the situation for others listed in the literature. In particular, we find that five blue straggler stars in the region of the cluster are located behind the same dust as the member stars are and we confirm the membership of two red giants. The proposed polarimetric memberships are compared with those derived by photometric and kinematical methods, with excellent results. Among the observed stars, we identify 10 with intrinsic polarization in their light. NGC 5617 can be polarimetrically characterized with $P_{max}= 4.40$ and $\theta_{v}= 73^\circ.1$. The spread in polarization values for the stars observed in the direction of the cluster seems to be caused by the uneven distribution of dust in front of the cluster's face. Finally, we find that in the direction of the cluster, the interstellar medium is apparently free of dust, from the Sun's position up to the Carina-Sagittarius arm, where NGC 5617 seems to be located at its farthest border

Propuesta metodológica de zonificación ambiental en la Sierra de Altomira mediante Sistemas de Información Geográfica

El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una propuesta metodológica de zonificación ambiental en la Sierra de Altomira. Por la biodiversidad que alberga ha sido declarada Zona de Especial Protección para las Aves (ZEPA) y Zona de Especial Conservación (ZEC) y forma parte de la Red Natura 2000. En un plazo de seis años deberá disponer de un Plan de Gestión. Anticipándose a este requerimiento, este trabajo realiza una propuesta de zonificación ambiental con objeto de diferenciar áreas para una ordenación y gestión adecuada de los recursos naturales. Esta zonificación se basa en una valoración paisajística y ecológica teniendo en cuenta indicadores de ecología de paisaje y las figuras de protección presentes en el área de estudio. Los resultados son integrados, mediante sumatoria ponderada, empleando un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG). Como resultado, se proponen cinco zonas de distinto valor ambiental.Peer reviewe

Tuning the properties of ionic liquids by mixing with organic solvents: The case of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium glutamate with alkanols

Binary liquid mixtures of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium glutamate acid ([bmim][glu]) with alkanols (1-propanol, isobutanol and 1,2-propanediol) are studied in the full composition range as a function of temperature using a combined experimental and computational chemistry approach. Experimental thermophysical information as well as derived excess and mixing properties allowed to characterize these complex liquid mixtures in terms of deviation from ideality as well their relationships with the developed intermolecular forces and changes with the type of considered alkanols. Theoretical studies using quantum chemistry and classical molecular dynamics simulations provided nanoscopic characterization on the studied fluids, with particular attention to the extension and nature of hydrogen bonding and its effects on molecular arrangements and mixed fluids’ properties. The reported study provides a micro and macroscopic characterization of the considered aminoacid-based ionic liquid mixtures, thus contributing to the knowledge of sustainable ionic liquid systems mixed with organic solvents for fine tuning properties and developing task specific applications.Shiraz University of Technology and Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Spain, project RTI2018-101987-B-I00)

Optical sensor to determine plant spacing for precise application

Congreso Agroingeniería 2015. Orihuela (Alicante). 1 a 3 de junio de 2015La automatización en el manejo de la mala hierba de forma individualizada está siendo una realidad cada vez más cercana, tanto objetivos de eficiencia como de beneficio económico se están consiguiendo. En un futuro muy próximo la mecanización y su diseño tendrá que contemplar técnicas de monitorización o detección de precisión. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la capacidad de un sensor óptico para determinar el espacio entre las plantas de una misma línea de cultivo en diferentes condiciones: laboratorio y campo. Este equipo de trabajo ha investigado la detección del cultivo con un sensor fotoeléctrico de infrarrojo (880 nm) en modo opuesto. La barrera fotoeléctrica de transmisión, usa un par de sensores y al paso de la planta por la cortina de luz interrumpe el haz. La señal de luz se recibe de forma simultánea en tiempo real mediante un sistema de control de alta velocidad. El sensor fotoeléctrico fue capaz de detectar la planta de tomate y por tanto de terminar la separación entre ellas de forma muy precisa. El uso de sistemas de detección como este puede dar lugar a una nueva era que permita el control en la línea de cultivo de la mala hierba de forma más económica y a la automatización de la operación. El control preciso de la mala hierba es un reto importante para este grupo, por ello tenemos previsto seguir trabajando en esta línea.Automation of individual crop plant care in commercial vegetable crop fields has increased practical feasibility and improved efficiency and economic benefit. Its systems approach is taken in the mechanization engineering design by the incorporation of precision sensing techniques. The objective of this study was design-sensing capabilities in an implement for measuring plant spacing under different test conditions: laboratory and field. For that proposal, a photoelectric transmission barrier, by using an optical light curtain transmitter and receiver, evaluated the interruption by the tomato stem of the light curtain, being recorded simultaneously in real-time by a high-speed embedded control system. The optical sensor provided tomato plant detection and therefore the spacing between tomato plants was determined with accuracy. The use of this detection system may result in a new era that allow for an online control of aggressive weeds and the automation of weeding tools, which we plan to pursue through future research.Junta de Andalucía P12-AGR-122

Determination by optical systems of the inter-plant real distance for precise weed control

La automatización en el manejo de las malas hierbas de forma individualizada está siendo una realidad cada vez más cercana, atendiendo a objetivos tanto de eficiencia como de beneficios económicos. En un futuro muy próximo la mecanización y su diseño tendrá que contemplar técnicas de monitorización o detección de precisión. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la capacidad de un sensor óptico para determinar la distancia entre las plantas de una misma línea de cultivo en condiciones de laboratorio y campo. En concreto, se ha investigado la detección de plantas con un sensor fotoeléctrico de infrarrojo (880 nm) en modo opuesto. El sensor fotoeléctrico fue capaz de detectar la planta de tomate y por tanto permitir conocer la separación entre ellas de forma muy precisa. El uso de sistemas de detección como este puede dar lugar a una nueva era que permita el control en la línea de cultivo de la mala hierba de forma más económica y a la automatización de la operación.Automation of individual crop plant care in comercial vegetable crop fields has increased practical feasibility and improved efficiency and economic benefit. Its systems approach is taken in the mechanization engineering design by the incorporation of precision sensing techniques. The objective of this study was design-sensing capabilities in an implement for measuring plant spacing under different test conditions: laboratory and field. The optical sensor provided tomato plant detection and therefore the spacing between tomato plants was determined with accuracy. The use of this detection system may result in a new era that allow for an online control of aggressive weeds and the automation of weeding tools, which we plan to pursue through future research

Thermal transport in glassy selenium: The role of low-frequency librations

The experimental curves giving the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity of glassy selenium are considered in detail. The observed behavior can be taken into account quantitatively if the densities of states for short-wavelength phonons as well as for low-energy librations arising from computer simulations are used for the calculations. In particular, it is shown that the lowest frequency excitations of a chain of selenium atoms can give due account of the plateau observed at temperatures about 2-10 K. The implications of the present findings for the current debate regarding the mechanisms for thermal transport in glasses are finally discussedDirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica PB92-0114-C0

Genetic characterization of the mexican hair-less pig by means of molecular markers

Long time ago the Mexican Hair-less pig has been considered as a not improved and not valuable ecotype, nevertheless there are few information about the genetics of their populations. In this work we are determining the genetic variability that could exist in the population of Hair-less pigs existing in the rural areas of the Mexican state of Yucatan, as well as in the population of animals, belonging to the center of genetic conservation of the Agricultural Technological Institute N.2. The experiment was divided in two phases, one on the field and another in the laboratory. On one hand, 102 samples were obtained (69 of blood and 33 of hair) from both populations. In the laboratory the DNA was extracted and was amplified by means of the Polimerase Chain Reaction to study 26 microsatellites recommended by the FAO/ISAG for studies of genetic diversity. The alleles number was analyzed, the frequencies alleles, the hetererozygosity (Genepop version programs 3,1c) and the content of polymorphic information (PIC). We observe as in the population coming from the state of Yucatan all the loci were polymorphic, with an average of 7,07 alleles. We also observe that the loci S0355, S0227 are homozygotic. In the population of animals coming from the rescue center most of the loci were polymorphic with the exception of the S0355 and S0215 that were homozygotic, with an alleles average of 3,65. The PIC also reflect the polymorphism detected in most of the locus in both populations. These results are similar to those obtained with different varieties of Iberian pig. According to this, we can consider that the population of hair-less pigs in the state of Yucatan represents a source of genetic variability that could be of utility in the future.Desde tiempos atrás al Cerdo Pelón Mexicano se le ha considerado como un biotipo no mejorado y sin atributos comerciales, no obstante se carece de información sobre la genética de sus poblaciones. En este trabajo se pretende determinar la variabilidad genética que existe en la población de cerdos del biotipo Pelón que se encuentra en las áreas rurales del estado Mexicano de Yucatán, así como en la población perteneciente al centro de conservación genética que se tiene para este biotipo en el Instituto Tecnológico Agropecuario Nº 2. En la fase de campo se obtuvieron 102 muestras (69 de sangre y 33 de pelo) en ambas poblaciones. En la fase de laboratorio se extrajo el ADN de cada una de las muestras por la técnica del Chelex y fueron amplificadas por medio de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para estudiar 26 microsatélites recomendados por la FAO/ISAG para estudios de diversidad genética en porcinos. Se analizó el número de alelos, las frecuencias alélicas, las heterocigosidad (Genepop versión 3,1c) y el contenido de información polimórfica (PIC). Se observó que en los animales procedentes del estado de Yucatán todos los loci fueron polimórficos, con un promedio de 7,07, también que existen 2 alelos que son homocigotos para dos locis diferentes (S0355, S0227). En la población de animales procedentes del centro de rescate la mayoría de los loci fueron polimórficos a excepción del S0355 y S0215 que resultaron homocigotos, con un promedio de 3,65 alelos. Así mismo la heterocigosidad y el PIC reflejan el polimorfismo detectado en la mayoría de los locus en ambas poblaciones. Estos resultados son similares a los de otros autores en diferentes variedades de cerdo Ibérico. La población de cerdos pelones del estado de Yucatán son una fuente importante de variabilidad genética que puede ser de utilidad en un futuro inmediato

Insights on biodiesel blends with alkanol solvents

Thermophysical properties of mixtures of fatty acid esters with alkanols were measured in the whole composition range as a function of temperature for understanding features of biodiesel blends. Excess and mixing properties calculated from experimental measurements allowed to quantify and analyze the intermolecular forces in the considered systems. Likewise, molecular modelling studies using quantum chemistry and classical molecular dynamics simulations led to a detailed characterization of these systems at the nanoscopic level. The nature of hydrogen bonding in these liquid mixtures was particularly analyzed from macroscopic properties and theoretical modelling results. The reported experimental and computational study allowed to infer the relationships between the intermolecular forces and additional microscopic features and the mixtures macroscopic properties, which are relevant for the development and characterization of biodiesels. The non-ideality behavior of the studied systems shows relevant changes in hydrogen bonding structuring upon mixing, with the fatty acid esters largely disrupting the alcohols self-association, although ester – alcohol hydrogen bonding is developed, this type of interactions is remarkably weaker than those for alcohols. Therefore, the studied biodiesel blends macroscopic properties may be tuned and controlled through the amount of alcohols in the mixtures and rooted on its effect on hydrogen bonding.Shiraz University of Technology (Iran), Junta de Castilla y León (Spain, project BU094G18) and Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Spain, project RTI2018-101987-B-I00) for supporting this project. We also acknowledge SCAYLE (Supercomputación Castilla y León, Spain) for providing supercomputing facilities

New non-unitary representations in a Dirac hydrogen atom

New non-unitary representations of the SU(2) algebra are introduced for the case of the Dirac equation with a Coulomb potential; an extra phase, needed to close the algebra, is also introduced. The new representations does not require integer or half integer labels. The set of operators defined are used to span the complete space of bound state eigenstates of the problem thus solving it in an essentially algebraic way