Study of the production of π, K and p in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV as a function of the Transverse Spherocity and the Relative Transverse Activity

High-energy heavy-ion collisions allow the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) production and study, a state of high-density QCD matter in which quarks and gluons are no longer confined inside hadrons for a very short time. Different observables reveal an enhanced production of strange hadrons, signatures of collective effects and opacity to jets due to the QGP formation. However, collective effects and strangeness enhancement are also observed in pp and p-Pb collisions (small systems) with high charged-particle multiplicity. These observations in small systems are very puzzling since the QGP is not expected to be formed since the small systems are considered too dilute and too short-lived.In this thesis, I present a study on the production of π, K and p in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV using data recorded by the ALICE experiment. To investigate the origins of collective effects and strangeness enhancement, I measure the particle production as a function of the Relative Transverse Activity (RT) and the Transverse Spherocity (S0). In the RT analysis, particle production is measured in different topological regions (toward, away, and transverse) with respect to the leading charged track per event. The toward and away regions mainly contain the fragmentation products of the jet, while the Underlying Event dominates the transverse. The transverse momentum spectra and K/π and p/π ratios are measured as a function of RT = NT/⟨NT⟩, where NT is the charged-particle multiplicity in the transverse region. It is observed that the K/π and p/π ratios increase with increasing RT in the toward region, while little RT dependence is observed in the transverse. Models tuned to e+e- results describe the low-RT particle ratios qualitatively.The transverse spherocity is an event shape observable that can disentangle jet-like from isotropic topologies. I studied particle production in high-multiplicity events as a function of spherocity. I contrast the results obtained using a forward and a mid-pseudorapidity multiplicity estimator. The results show that the mid-pseudorapidity estimator combined with the spherocity selection allows selecting events with more significant variations in the average transverse momentum (⟨pT⟩) than the forward estimator. I present the pT spectra and particle ratios as a function of S0. Finally, all the data results are contrasted with microscopic models

Effect of fast acting power controller of battery energy storage systems in the under-frequency load shedding scheme

This paper presents the assessment of the effect of fast acting power (FAP) controller in the battery energy storage system (BESS) the under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) scheme. Theoretical and practical discussions about the implementation of inertia frequency control for BESS are presented in this paper. The effect of changes in the gain of the synthetic inertial on the system frequency response is investigated using time domain simulations based on DIgSILENT PowerFactory

Reparación del cartílago articular con injerto libre de pericondrio estudio experimental

Ante la incapacidad de regeneración espontánea de lesiones profundas y amplias del cartílago articular, estudiamos la reparación cartilaginosa con plastias de pericondrio tomadas de la región condro-costal e implantándolas con su cara condrogénica sobre una lesión osteocondral realizada en la superficie articular rotuliana. Macroscópica e histológicamente, a la octava semana, el neocartílago formado tenía igual apariencia que el cartílago hialino normal, no existiendo separación entre el cartílago remanente y el neoformado a partir de la plastia. Estos resultados corroboran el gran potencial condrogénico del pericondrioFaced with the incapacity of spontaneous regeneration of deep and extensive lesions of the articular cartilage we studied the cartilaginous repair with pericondrium grafts taken from the chondro-costal region. Grafts were implanted with their condrogenic face over an osteochondral defect located at the surface of the patella. At the 8th week, the neocartilage formed had macroscopically and histologically, the same appearance as the normal hyaline cartilage, with no separation between the remaining cartilage and the neocartilage induced by the graft. These results corroborate the high chondrogenic potential of the perichondrium

Critical appraisal of pralatrexate in the management of difficult-to-treat peripheral T cell lymphoma

Aggressive T cell lymphomas are a subgroup of lymphomas with a particularly poor prognosis. This is especially true for patients with recurrent or refractory disease, who typically have limited response to salvage therapy and extremely poor overall survival. For this reason, there is a strong need to develop potentially active drugs for these malignancies. Pralatrexate is a novel antifolate designed to have high affinity for reduced folate carrier type 1. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that pralatrexate has significant activity against T cell lymphomas. The dose-limiting toxicity for pralatrexate is mucositis, which can be abrogated with folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation. Pralatrexate is the first single agent approved for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T cell lymphoma. This approval was based on an overall objective response rate observed in the pivotal study. The overall response rate was 29%, with a median duration of 10.1 months. This article reviews the biochemistry, preclinical experience, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics of pralatrexate, including the clinical experience with this agent in lymphoma. Future areas of development are now focused on identifying synergistic combinations of pralatrexate with other agents and the evaluation of predictive markers for clinical benefit

Relationship between molecular structure and thermo-mechanical properties of Candelilla wax and amides derived from (R)-12hydroxystearic acid as gelators of safflower oil

Abstract In this research, we studied the relationship between the molecular structure of (R)-12-hydroxyoctadecanamide, (R)-N-propyl-12-hydroxyoctadecanamide, and (R)-N-octadecyl-12-hydroxyoctadecanamide and the thermo-mechanical properties of their 2% (wt/wt) organogels developed using safflower oil high in oleic acid (HOSFO) as the liquid phase. Candelilla wax (CW), a well-known edible gelling additive whose main component is hentriacontane, also was studied for comparative purposes. The results obtained show that the attractive interactions (i.e., hydrogen bonding and dipolar interactions) between amide groups and between hydroxyl groups present in the amides resulted in organogels with higher melting temperature, heat of melting, and crystallization parameters than those found in the CW organogel. The rheological parameters associated to the strength of the amide or CWbased gels developed in HOSFO (i.e., yield stress and elastic modulus) seem to be associated with the nature of amide groups (i.e., primary or secondary amide) and the increase in the length of the self-assembly molecular unit (i.e., L value determined by X-ray diffraction) and therefore to the extent of London dispersion forces along the hydrocarbon chain. The creep and recovery measurements allowed an evaluation among the internal structures of the different organogels and demonstrated that independent of the hydrogen bonding and dipolar interaction provided by the amide and the hydroxyl groups, the increase in the hydrocarbon chain length results in higher organogel resistance to deformation and higher instant recovery capacity. However, the stabilization of the self-assembly unit through polar groups (i.e., -CONH 2 in HOA) reduces organogel elasticity but provides a higher extended recovery capacity. The results reported in this investigation showed some relationships between gelator structure and the thermo-mechanical properties of low-molecular-mass organic gelator amides. Our long-term objective is to understand the organogelation process to eventually develop trans-free vegetable oil-based food products with novel textures for the consumers

Design, synthesis, in vitro, in vivo and in silico pharmacological characterization of antidiabetic N-Boc-l-tyrosine-based compounds

Abstract In this study, we synthesized five N-Boc-L-tyrosine-based analogues to glitazars. The in vitro effects of compounds 1–5 on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma (PPARα/γ), glucose transporter type-4 (GLUT-4) and fatty acid transport protein-1 (FATP-1) activation are reported in this paper. Compounds 1 and 3 were the most active in the in vitro PTP-1B inhibition assay, showing IC50s of approximately 44 μM. Treatment of adipocytes with compound 1 increased the mRNA expression of PPARγ and GLUT-4 by 8- and 3-fold, respectively. Moreover, both compounds (1 and 3) also increased the relative mRNA expression of PPARα (by 8-fold) and FATP-1 (by 15-fold). Molecular docking studies were performed in order to elucidate the polypharmacological binding mode of the most active compounds on these targets. Finally, a murine model of hyperglycemia was used to evaluate the in vivo effectiveness of compounds 1 and 3. We found that both compounds are orally active using an exploratory dose of 100 mg/kg, decreasing the blood glucose concentration in an oral glucose tolerance test and a non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus murine model. In conclusion, we demonstrated that both molecules showed strong in vitro and in vivo effects and can be considered polypharmacological antidiabetic candidates