944 research outputs found
Angular Schmidt Modes in Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion
We report a proof-of-principle experiment demonstrating that appropriately
chosen set of Hermite-Gaussian modes constitutes a Schmidt decomposition for
transverse momentum states of biphotons generated in the process of spontaneous
parametric down conversion. We experimentally realize projective measurements
in Schmidt basis and observe correlations between appropriate pairs of modes.
We perform tomographical state reconstruction in the Schmidt basis, by direct
measurement of single-photon density matrix eigenvalues.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Azimuthal distinguishability of entangled photons generated in spontaneous parametric down-conversion
We experimentally demonstrate that paired photons generated in different
sections of a down-conversion cone, when some of the interacting waves show
Poynting vector walk-off, carry different spatial correlations, and therefore a
different degree of spatial entanglement. This is shown to be in agreement with
theoretical results. We also discuss how this azimuthal distinguishing
information of the down-conversion cone is relevant for the implementation of
quantum sources aimed at the generation of entanglement in other degrees of
freedom, such as polarization.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Opt. Expres
Direct detection of a single photon by humans
Despite investigations for over 70 years, the absolute limits of human vision have remained unclear. Rod cells respond to individual photons, yet whether a single-photon incident on the eye can be perceived by a human subject has remained a fundamental open question. Here we report that humans can detect a single-photon incident on the cornea with a probability significantly above chance. This was achieved by implementing a combination of a psychophysics procedure with a quantum light source that can generate single-photon states of light. We further discover that the probability of reporting a single photon is modulated by the presence of an earlier photon, suggesting a priming process that temporarily enhances the effective gain of the visual system on the timescale of seconds
Probing quantum coherence in qubit arrays
We discuss how the observation of population localization effects in
periodically driven systems can be used to quantify the presence of quantum
coherence in interacting qubit arrays. Essential for our proposal is the fact
that these localization effects persist beyond tight-binding Hamiltonian
models. This result is of special practical relevance in those situations where
direct system probing using tomographic schemes becomes infeasible beyond a
very small number of qubits. As a proof of principle, we study analytically a
Hamiltonian system consisting of a chain of superconducting flux qubits under
the effect of a periodic driving. We provide extensive numerical support of our
results in the simple case of a two-qubits chain. For this system we also study
the robustness of the scheme against different types of noise and disorder. We
show that localization effects underpinned by quantum coherent interactions
should be observable within realistic parameter regimes in chains with a larger
number o
Brand clarity of local and global brands in fast-moving consumer goods : an empirical study in a Middle East country
Purpose - This paper aims to analyze different brand clarity levels (BCLs) of local, global and glocal types of brands in fast-moving consumer goods from the consumer's perspective. The study also intends to identify whether the consumer's previous experience with such brands may impact BCL. Design/methodology/approach - Twenty-eight global and local brands were used to test the hypotheses by conducting a survey with 400 consumers in the emerging economy of Iran. The authors applied a quantitative technique of brand classification, previously proposed in the literature. After categorizing the brands as local, global or glocal, one-way ANOVA, Tukey post hoc and t-test analyses were performed to identify whether the different types of brands had different BCLs. Findings - The results showed that brand clarity was significantly higher for local bands than for global or glocal brands and that it was higher for glocal bands than for global brands. Furthermore, the consumer's prior experience with a brand had no impact on BCL for different types of brands. Social implications - For global brand managers, it is essential to know that local brands in Middle Eastern emerging markets may have more brand clarity than global brands. Therefore, if global brands intend to enter these markets, adopting a glocal positioning appears to be a helpful strategy. Besides, the results suggest that managers should analyze brand categorization from the consumer's perspective, i.e. from a subjective instead of an objective perspective. Originality/value - This was the first study analyzing the BCL of local, global and glocal brands and identifying significant differences in their BCL
Brand clarity of local and global brands in fast-moving consumer goods : an empirical study in a Middle East country
Purpose - This paper aims to analyze different brand clarity levels (BCLs) of local, global and glocal types of brands in fast-moving consumer goods from the consumer's perspective. The study also intends to identify whether the consumer's previous experience with such brands may impact BCL. Design/methodology/approach - Twenty-eight global and local brands were used to test the hypotheses by conducting a survey with 400 consumers in the emerging economy of Iran. The authors applied a quantitative technique of brand classification, previously proposed in the literature. After categorizing the brands as local, global or glocal, one-way ANOVA, Tukey post hoc and t-test analyses were performed to identify whether the different types of brands had different BCLs. Findings - The results showed that brand clarity was significantly higher for local bands than for global or glocal brands and that it was higher for glocal bands than for global brands. Furthermore, the consumer's prior experience with a brand had no impact on BCL for different types of brands. Social implications - For global brand managers, it is essential to know that local brands in Middle Eastern emerging markets may have more brand clarity than global brands. Therefore, if global brands intend to enter these markets, adopting a glocal positioning appears to be a helpful strategy. Besides, the results suggest that managers should analyze brand categorization from the consumer's perspective, i.e. from a subjective instead of an objective perspective. Originality/value - This was the first study analyzing the BCL of local, global and glocal brands and identifying significant differences in their BCL
Can quantum fractal fluctuations be observed in an atom-optics kicked rotor experiment?
We investigate the parametric fluctuations in the quantum survival
probability of an open version of the delta-kicked rotor model in the deep
quantum regime. Spectral arguments [Guarneri I and Terraneo M 2001 Phys. Rev. E
vol. 65 015203(R)] predict the existence of parametric fractal fluctuations
owing to the strong dynamical localisation of the eigenstates of the kicked
rotor. We discuss the possibility of observing such dynamically-induced
fractality in the quantum survival probability as a function of the kicking
period for the atom-optics realisation of the kicked rotor. The influence of
the atoms' initial momentum distribution is studied as well as the dependence
of the expected fractal dimension on finite-size effects of the experiment,
such as finite detection windows and short measurement times. Our results show
that clear signatures of fractality could be observed in experiments with cold
atoms subjected to periodically flashed optical lattices, which offer an
excellent control on interaction times and the initial atomic ensemble.Comment: 18 pp, 7 figs., 1 tabl
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