Products and Markets – The Activities of the Imperial Guilds of Constantinople

AbstractIn the present paper the questions that are covered concern specific entrepreneurial aspects of the imperial guilds in Constantinople of the 10th century. The mentioned aspects are dealing first with the products and services offered by the guilds and secondly with the places, streets and areas where the guild members allowed to do their business. All this information is stated in the Book of the Eparch (BE) or Book of the Prefect («Tο Eπαρχικóν Bιβλίον»). Accordingly we are analyzing first the structure and quantity of the products / services mentioned in the Book of Eparch (BE) and next we are mentioning the used locations prescribed by the Prefect himself. Therefore the investigation analyses the products / services as well as the places connected with each of the products and services that are sold there

CHEMICAL AND MINERALOGICAL ANALYSIS OF HIGH-PURITY QUARTZ FROM NEW DEPOSITS IN A GREEK ISLAND, FOR POTENTIAL EXPLORATION

The current study presents an original chemical, elemental and mineralogical characterization of new quartz mineral deposits situated in Ios island, Cyclades, Aegean sea, Greece, via X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) trace-element analysis. Actually, the mineral Quartz (crystalline SiO2) is found in nature in varying quality and is explored and traded for use in different applications of significant importance depending on the quartz purity. The results of the thorough chemical and mineralogical analysis indicate that quartz originating from the location examined in this research is almost free from other microcrystalline phases, and therefore it can be characterized as highly pure α-quartz. Thus, it can be used in the industry of ultra-high purity quartz production for specific applications, as long as the deposits are exploitable. In this framework, a preliminary estimation of the economic benefits from a potential exploration versus the environmental aspects of mining, taking into account sustainability issues in the region, is provided highlighting the local social need

Mineralogical characterization and evaluation of chromite ore in Grevena and Kozani Vourinos massif, Western Macedonia, Greece

Purpose. Chromite samples from Aetoraches mine area in the southern part of the Vourinos complex in Western Macedonia, Greece were examined from mineralogical-geochemical perspective. Methods. Χ-ray Diffraction (XRD) mineral phase analysis, elemental Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis and Thermogravimetry/Differential Thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) were carried out. Findings. The XRD results showed that all the samples contain mainly magnesium- and aluminum-chromite (“aluminumpicrochromite”) phases, along with forsterite (magnesian olivine), serpentine and chlorite occurrences. Based on the SEMEDS results, the computed average chemical formula indicative of this specific chromite type is: (Fe0.4 Mg0.6) (Cr1.6 Al0.4)O4. The TG-DTG weight losses found to be in the range of 4.4-14.36%, at temperatures between 600 and 750°C, indicated the presence of the hydroxyl-rich silicate minerals, serpentinite and chlorite, in agreement to the Loss of Ignition (LOI) results. The mineral phases detected in the present analyses appear in the dunite/diorite/harzburgite/peridotite main rocks of the ophiolitic complex that hosts the chromite ore. Originality. In the current research, an original characterization, via thorough elemental, phase and thermal analysis, is carried out aiming to enlighten the geochemistry aspects of the Vourinos chromite complex, Region of Western Macedonia, Greece, particularly of easily accessible and exploitable chromite deposits of the Aetoraches mine area. Practical implications. The chromite mineral, and especially the metallurgical type, is of substantial importance in metal industry. In that sense, the findings of the present investigation of chromite purity and mineral structure is a prerequisite for future exploitation of the Aetoraches chromite deposits in particular and broadly for the ongoing exploitation of chromite ore in the Vourinos complex, situated in Region of Western Macedonia, Greece, an area with high unemployment and rather slow economic growth.Мета. Дослідження зразків хромітової руди з рудника “Еторачес” в південній частині масиву Вурінос у Західній Македонії, Греція, з мінералого-геохімічної точки зору для оцінки можливості його промислової розробки. Методика. Були проведені рентгеноструктурний аналіз мінеральної фази (РФА), елементна скануюча електронна мікроскопія у поєднанні з аналізом енергодисперсійної спектроскопії (СЕМ-ЕДС) та термогравіметрія/диференціальна термогравіметрія (TГ/ДТГ). Результати. Результати РФА показали, що всі зразки містять в основному фази хроміту магнію та алюмінію (“пікрохроміт алюмінію”), а також прояви форстериту (магнезіального олівіну), серпентину й хлориту. Отримано середню хімічну формулу на основі результатів СЕМ-ЕДС, яка вказує на конкретний тип хроміта: (Fe0.4 Mg0.6) (Cr1.6 Al0.4)O4. Встановлено, що втрати маси ТГ/ДТГ, виявлені в діапазоні від 4.4 до 14.36%, при температурах від 600 до 750°C, вказують на присутність силікатних мінералів, багатих гідроксилом, серпентиніту і хлориту. Мінеральні фази, виявлені в даному аналізі, присутні в основних породах дуніт/діорит/гарцбургіт/перидотит офіолітового комплексу, що вміщує хромітові руди. Наукова новизна. Надана оцінка геохімічних аспектів хромітового масиву Вурінос, регіон Західної Македонії, Греція, особливо легкодоступних та експлуатованих хромітових родовищ рудником “Еторачес” на основі елементного, фазового та термічного аналізів. Практична значимість. Хромітовий мінерал, особливо металургійний, має велике значення в металургійній промисловості. У цьому сенсі результати даного дослідження чистоти хроміту і мінеральної структури є передумовою для майбутньої експлуатації хромітового родовища рудника Еторачес, зокрема, і в цілому для триваючої розробки хромітової руди в масиві Вурінос. Греція – регіон з високим рівнем безробіття й досить повільним економічним зростанням.Цель. Исследование образцов хромитовой руды из рудника “Эторачес” в южной части массива Вуринос в Западной Македонии, Греция, с минералого-геохимической точки зрения для оценки возможности его промышленной разработки. Методика. Были проведены рентгеноструктурный анализ минеральной фазы (РФА), элементная сканирующая электронная микроскопия в сочетании с анализом энергодисперсионной спектроскопии (СЭМ-ЭДС) и термогравиметрия/дифференциальная термогравиметрия (TГ/ДТГ). Результаты. Результаты РФА показали, что все образцы содержат в основном фазы хромита магния и алюминия (“пикрохромит алюминия”), а также проявления форстерита (магнезиального оливина), серпентина и хлорита. Получена средняя химическая формула на основе результатов СЭМ-ЭДС, указывающая на конкретный тип хромита: (Fe0.4 Mg0.6) (Cr1.6 Al0.4)O4. Установлено, что потери массы ТГ/ДТГ, обнаруженные в диапазоне от 4.4 до 14.36%, при температурах от 600 до 750°C, указывают на присутствие силикатных минералов, богатых гидроксилом, серпентинита и хлорита. Минеральные фазы, обнаруженные в настоящем анализе, присутствуют в основных породах дунит/диорит/гарцбургит/перидотит офиолитового комплекса, вмещающего хромитовые руды. Научная новизна. Дана оценка геохимических аспектов хромитового массива Вуринос, регион Западной Македонии, Греция, особенно легкодоступных и эксплуатируемых хромитовых месторождений рудником “Эторачес” на основе элементного, фазового и термического анализов. Практическая значимость. Хромитовый минерал, особенно металлургический, имеет большое значение в металлургической промышленности. В этом смысле результаты настоящего исследования чистоты хромита и минеральной структуры являются предпосылкой для будущей эксплуатации хромитового месторождения Эторачес, в частности, и в целом для продолжающейся разработки хромитовой руды в массиве Вуринос. Греция – регион с высоким уровнем безработицы и довольно медленным экономическим ростом.The authors would like to thank the Specific-Account Research Committee (ELKE) of University of Western Macedonia, Greece for financing the research work presented here under the research grant “Geochemical characterization and evaluation of chromite ore from mount Vourinos of Grevena and Kozani” (DecisionNo. 8/2019 51.1-51.3). Moreover, the contribution of Agapi Vasiliadou (PhD candidate) and Prof. Andreas Iordanidis of the Department of Mineral Resources Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Greece for the LOI and thermogravimetry measurements is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, the authors would like to thank Dr. Charalampos Vasilatos of the Department of Geology and Geo-environment, at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece for the XRD analyses

Investment in Construction and Economic Growth in Greece

Δημοσιεύσεις μελών--ΣΔΟ--Τμήμα Εμπορίας και Διαφήμισης, 201

Intellectual Capital Accounting Indicators

AbstractThe recently entrepreneurial discussion let us believe that everything human beings are doing can be apostrophed as “entrepreneurial”. There is almost a range of entrepreneurs, like the capitalistic entrepreneur, the policy entrepreneur, the social entrepreneur, the knowledge entrepreneur and the intellectual entrepreneur. A global anthem full of entrepreneurs, an entrepreneurial paradise on earth offered at discount prices. And last but not least this takes place midst in an uprising world crisis. In fact it is commonly known that in the recent days the traditional entrepreneurial paradigma undertakes among researchers and practitioners a shifting from the more classical to a more knowledge (intellectual capital) based paradigma. It is obviously a shifting from plutocratic concept of possessing to a gnosiocratic human determined value added growth model, whereby intellective/cognitive (episteme, logos) and agentive (praxis, techne) entrepreneurial elements confound the new potential for the firm's source of competitive edge. Through the above mentioned syncrasis of human centered technology (= techne and logos) elements (intellective and agentive) the entrepreneurial corporate becomes a non-imitational, learning (perceptive), adaptive (modulating), creative (demodulating) and cooperative (transferring) Çintellectual entrepreneurÈ. In this way the entrepreneurial syncrasis of the firm's tangible resources like physical, technological and financial capital with the firm's intangible (Learning Capital- LC, Modulation Capital - MC, Demodulation Capital - DC, Transfer Capital - TC) resources, the intellectual entrepreneurial capital (IEC), “produces” not just tangible products but endogenous determined teleological-intellective-agentive entrepreneurial competence and expertise system, which leaves its “fingerprints” into the firm's “intellectual statements” in form of intellectual or knowledge based entrepreneurial performance indicators

Planning Sustainable Deep Sea Mining

The increase in world population and the expected global development of the world economy after the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to impose unprecedented pressure on securing the supply of minerals. The World Bank report “Minerals for Climate Action: The Mineral Intensity of the Clean Energy Transition” finds that the production of minerals such as graphite, lithium and cobalt could increase by nearly 500% by 2050, to meet the growing demand for clean energy technologies. Many of these critical minerals are found in the deep seabed, the only place on earth where mineral resources have not been exploited yet. There is a strong need to ensure that these critical minerals will be extracted in a sustainable way, verifying the protection of the marine environment and biodiversity. The regulatory, financial and engineering challenges for deep sea mining are considerable, but in fact are not considered prohibitive, taking into account the remarkable achievements in recent years. On the other hand, it is evident that the existing modern ecosystem-based management approaches cannot be applied to deep sea areas without detailed knowledge of the individual species and ecosystems; most of the species living on the deep-sea floor remain unknown up until now. There is a need for the development of a new environmental management approach for each specific area. The successful procedures of Natura 2000 can be followed, and the necessary information on the existing environmental conditions has to be collected separately at every site for a minimum period of 10–15 years. Natura 2000, the world’s largest ecological network united under a single, uniform regulatory framework, is regarded as one of the conservations success stories in the global effort to protect biodiversity

Elemental and phase characterization of quartz samples from Meliti (Florina, Greece)

In this work, a geological, phase and elemental characterization of quartz samples, deriving from Meliti area, is presented. The bedrock of the investigated area belongs to Pelagonian Nappe (Middle Triassic – Lower Jurassic) and consists predominantly of metamorphic basement including mainly mica schists where biotite dominates in relation to muscovite. Specifically, the quartz samples investigated in this study were collected at Moutsouna (Roudina) site about 3,5 km NNW of Meliti village. SEM-EDS, ICP-MS and XRD results indicate that quartz mineral originating from Meliti area is free from other microcrystalline phases. Hence, the quartz mineral found is highly pure and can be used for production of ultra-high purity quartz for special applications, as long as the deposits are found to be exploitable