Avería gruesa

Fil: Vazquez, María José. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Verna, Graciela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Zavala, Claudia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Buenos Aires, Argentina"Trabajo realizado en la cátedra del profesor doctor Fernández Brital, profesor adjunto doctor Barbano

Bioética e saúde mental: reflexões sobre a doença e a responsabilidade na relação profissional-paciente

In this article, we present a critical reading about responsibility and mutual affection in the professional setting of mental health. The frame of reference is the relational Cognitive Anthropology and Ethics hermeneutics. We propose a conceptual-applied model to exceed a bioethical vision focused only on the agency and the autonomous competence to make decisions, where the most important thing is the medical judgment. Based on the Principle of Recognition we understand the importance of the meeting professional – patient as an intersubjective space where everyone can respond from their being-able- and decide together. The professional meeting with the person who suffers a mental condition implies the recognition of others. In this perspective, restore a supposed lost equilibrium is not the goal of the professional; rather, addressing such specific forms of particular restructuring that the “sick” individual has developed as resources for coexistence. From these main ideas, it’s concluded in the necessary bioethics conviction of a caring, humanist and personal professional to respond to the specific problems of mental health patient.En este artículo exponemos una lectura crítica sobre la responsabilidad y la afección mutua en encuadre profesional de salud mental. El marco referencial es la antropología cognitiva relacional y la ética de tipo hermenéutico. Proponemos un modelo conceptual-aplicado que supere una visión bioética centrada solo en la agencialidad y la competencia autónoma para tomar decisiones, donde lo que prima es el juicio médico. Sobre la base del principio de reconocimiento entendemos la importancia del encuentro profesional-paciente como un espacio intersubjetivo donde cada uno pueda responder desde su ser-capaz y decidir conjuntamente. El encuentro profesional con el que sufre un padecimiento mental se inserta en la vía del acontecimiento. Desde esta perspectiva, el restaurar un supuesto equilibrio perdido no es el objetivo profesional; más bien, atender las posibles formas de reestructuración particular que el individuo llamado “enfermo” ha desarrollado como recursos de convivencia. Desde estas ideas principales, se concluye en la necesaria convicción bioética de un profesional solícito, humanista y personalista para poder responder así a las problemáticas particulares del paciente en salud mental.Neste artigo apresentamos uma leitura crítica sobre a responsabilidade e a afeção mútua no enquadre profissional da saúde mental. O quadro de referência é a antropologia cognitiva relacional e a ética do tipo hermenêutico. Propomos um modelo conceptual-aplicado que supere uma visão bioética focada apenas na agêncialidade e o poder autónomo para tomar decisões, onde o que prevalece é a avaliação médica. Sob a base do princípio do reconhecimento compreendemos a importância do encontro profissional-paciente como um espaço intersubjetivo, onde cada um pode responder a partir de seu ser-capaz e decidir em conjunto. O encontro profissional com quem sofre de uma doença mental é inserido no trajeto do evento. A partir desta perspectiva, restabelecer um suposto equilíbrio perdido não é o objetivo profissional; em vez disso, atender as possíveis formas de reestruturação particular que o indivíduo chamado “doente” tem desenvolvido como um recurso para a coexistência. A partir dessas ideias principais, conclui-se na necessária convicção bioética de um profissional atencioso, humanista e personalista para responder aos problemas específicos do paciente de saúde mental

Governance of metropolitan areas for delivery of public services in Latin America

One of the key issues at metropolitan level is the provision of public services and this paper highlights the importance of understanding the governance of public services in the context of increasing urbanization and decentralization. This paper provides a comparative analysis on metropolitan governance in Latin America by analysing specific case studies. The objective is to identify how the governance setting in metropolitan areas shapes the process anthe results of providing public services to wider population. We examine metropolitan governance by employing a 3x3x3 model as a framework for addressing key issues about urban services delivery. Bogota, Lima and Mexico City are the metropolitan areas selected. Secondly, we focus on three sectors: transport, solid waste collection and water. Finally, the analysis focuses in three aspects of governance: coordination, financial sustainability and coverage and quality. The data collection process involved field research in Bogota, Lima and Mexico City

Cambios en los parámetros fisiológicos por diarrea neonatal en crías de alpaca

Alpacas in the pre-weaning stage often present neonatal diarrhoea, usually of infectious type, causing high mortality. This study determined the physiological parameters and their changes in animals with diarrhoea. In total, 79 neonate alpacas less than 60 days of age from Pasco and Junín regions, Peru, were used. Of them, 60 had clinical diarrhoea lasting 1 to 3 days, and 19 were healthy (controls). Heart and respiratory rate, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation, body temperature, capillary refill time, and mucous color were determined. A significant increase in heart rate in crias with diarrhea compared to healthy ones was found (p<0.05). Besides, no differences in other physiological parameters between diseased and apparently healthy offspring was found.Las crías de alpaca en la etapa pre-destete cursan con frecuencia con cuadros diarreicos, por lo general de tipo infeccioso, causantes de alta mortalidad. El presente estudio determinó los parámetros fisiológicos y sus cambios en animales con diarrea. Se utilizaron 79 alpacas neonatas menores de 60 días de edad de las zonas de Pasco y Junín, Perú. De ellas, 60 cursaban con cuadros de diarrea entre 1 a 3 días y 19 estaban sanas (controles). Se determinó la frecuencia cardiaca y respiratoria, saturación de la sangre por la presión parcial de oxígeno, temperatura corporal, tiempo de llenado capilar y coloración de las mucosas. Se encontró un aumento significativo de la frecuencia cardiaca (p<0.05) en crías con diarrea en comparación a las sanas, no habiendo diferencias en los demás parámetros fisiológicos entre crías enfermas y aparentemente sanas

Incidencia y factores predisponentes de lesiones escamosas intraepiteliales de bajo grado en mujeres embarazadas de los municipios de Suchitoto, Panchimalco y Apastepeque en un periodo de enero a julio del 2018

La incidencia y factores predisponentes de lesiones escamosas intraepiteliales de bajo grado en embarazadas de los municipios de Suchitoto, Panchimalco y Apastepeque, estudio llevado a cabo de enero a julio de 2018 por medio de la metodología de tipo descriptivo de corte transversal, revela que dentro de los muchos factores de riesgo que provocan la incidencia en esta patología, predominan el inicio de las relaciones sexuales a temprana a edad, la multiparidad y las múltiples parejas sexuales, donde el total de embarazadas en estos municipios en dicho periodo es de 533 de los cuales se presentaron 29 casos dando una incidencia de 5.44%

Mathematical models in education for sustainable development

El proyecto tiene como objetivo mejorar el conjunto de recursos docentes a disposición del profesorado responsable de la impartición de dos asignaturas de programación de ordenadores que se imparten en los planes de estudios de la Escola Politècnica Superior de Castelldefels. En concreto, se han experimentado recursos disponibles en Moodle/Atenea, se han desarrollado materiales para ayudar a profesores y alumnos en el desasrrollo de la competencia de trabajo en grupo y se ha puesto en marcha una plataforma para la difusión de los resultados de nuestro trabajo.Peer Reviewe

Impact of the COVID pandemic on vascular access creation for haemodialysis in 16 spanish haemodialysis centres

The coronavirus disease (COVID) pandemic has resulted in a major disruption in healthcare that has affected several medical and surgical specialties. European and American Vascular Societies have proposed deferring the creation of an elective vascular access (VA) [autologous or prosthetic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or arteriovenous graft (AVG)] in incident patients on haemodialysis (HD) in the era of the COVID pandemic. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of the COVID pandemic on VA creation and the central venous catheter (CVC)-related hospitalizations and complications in HD patients dialyzed in 16 Spanish HD units of three different regions. We compared retrospectively two periods of time: the pre-COVID (1 January 2019-11 March 2020) and the COVID era (12 March 2020-30 June 2021) in all HD patients (prevalent and incident) dialyzed in our 16 HD centres. The variables analysed were type of VA (CVC, AVF and AVG) created, percentage of CVC in incident and prevalent HD patients, CVC-related hospitalizations and complications (infection, extrusion, disfunction, catheter removal) and percentage of CVC HD sessions that did not reach the goal of Kt (>45) as a marker of HD adequacy. A total of 1791 VAs for HD were created and 905 patients started HD during the study period. Patients who underwent vascular access surgery during the COVID period compared with pre-COVID period were significantly younger, with a significant decrease in surgical activity to create AVFs and AVGs in older HD patients (>75 and >85 years of age). There was a significant increase in CVC placement (from 59.7% to 69.5%; P 45) was observed. COVID has presented a public health system crisis that has influenced VA for HD, with an increase in CVCs relative to AVFs. A decrease in HD sessions that did not reach the HD dose objective was observed in the COVID period compared with a pre-COVID period

Influencia del vermicompost y sus lixiviados sobre la germinación de hortalizas en un suelo sódico

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of vermicompost and leakage on seed germination and growth of vegetable seedlings in sodium soil. The study was carried out in vegetable species: lettuce, cabbage and tomato, in total three tests were established to analyze the individual behavior of each vegetable subjected to four treatments with three repetitions. The evaluated treatments were T1 (Sodium soil. Control); T2 (Sodium soil + Vermicompost); T3 (Sodium Soil + Vermicompost Leakage); T4 (Sodium soil + Vermicompost + Vermicompost leakage). In three vegetables evaluated, treatments T2 and T4 were those that stood out with germination index values ​​that were between 112 and 172%. This trend of better response of vegetables towards T2 and T4 was maintained in the variables of total seedling weight, hypocotyl and radicle length. In this way we can conclude that, by applying vermicompost and its leakage it is possible to improve the biological response of vegetables grown in sodium soils. Vermicompost has a high MO content (43.6%), this could explain the positive response of the treatment containing this product T2. As well as the remarkable synergy of both by-products in T4. However, further studies are needed to understand in greater detail the mechanisms with which these organic compounds reduce the antagonistic effects of sodium on plant physiology.El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la influencia del vermicompost y sus lixiviados sobre la germinación de semillas y desarrollo de plántulas de hortalizas en un suelo sódico. El estudio se efectuó en especies de hortalizas: lechuga, col y tomate, en total se establecieron tres ensayos para analizar el comportamiento individual de cada hortaliza sometida a cuatro tratamientos con tres repeticiones. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron T1 (Suelo sódico. Control); T2 (Suelo sódico + Vermicompost); T3 (Suelo sódico + Lixiviado de Vermicompost); T4 (Suelo sódico + Vermicompost + Lixiviado de Vermicompost). En las tres hortalizas evaluadas los tratamientos T2 y T4 fueron los que sobresalieron con valores de índice de germinación que se ubicaron entre 112 y 172%. Esta tendencia de mejor respuesta de las hortalizas hacia los T2 y T4 se mantuvo en las variables de peso total de plántulas, longitud del hipocotilo y de la radícula. De este modo podemos concluir que, mediante la aplicación de vermicompost y sus lixiviados es posible mejorar la respuesta biológica de hortalizas cultivadas en suelos sódicos. El vermicompost posee alto contenido de MO (43.6%), esto podría explicar la respuesta positiva del tratamiento que contiene este subproducto T2. Así como la notable sinergia de ambos subproductos en el T4. Sin embargo, aún hace falta profundizar en estudios orientados a entender con mayor detalle los mecanismos con los que estos compuestos orgánicos reducen los efectos antagónicos del sodio sobre la fisiología vegetal

Current Animal Models for Understanding the Pathology Caused by the Respiratory Syncytial Virus

The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the main etiologic agent of severe lower respiratory tract infections that affect young children throughout the world, associated with significant morbidity and mortality, becoming a serious public health problem globally. Up to date, no licensed vaccines are available to prevent severe hRSV-induced disease, and the generation of safe-effective vaccines has been a challenging task, requiring constant biomedical research aimed to overcome this ailment. Among the difficulties presented by the study of this pathogen, it arises the fact that there is no single animal model that resembles all aspects of the human pathology, which is due to the specificity that this pathogen has for the human host. Thus, for the study of hRSV, different animal models might be employed, depending on the goal of the study. Of all the existing models, the murine model has been the most frequent model of choice for biomedical studies worldwide and has been of great importance at contributing to the development and understanding of vaccines and therapies against hRSV. The most notable use of the murine model is that it is very useful as a first approach in the development of vaccines or therapies such as monoclonal antibodies, suggesting in this way the direction that research could have in other preclinical models that have higher maintenance costs and more complex requirements in its management. However, several additional different models for studying hRSV, such as other rodents, mustelids, ruminants, and non-human primates, have been explored, offering advantages over the murine model. In this review, we discuss the various applications of animal models to the study of hRSV-induced disease and the advantages and disadvantages of each model, highlighting the potential of each model to elucidate different features of the pathology caused by the hRSV infection