Безопасность продуктов животного происхождения по санитарно-микробиологическим показателям в муниципии Кишинэу

IP Universitatea de Stat de Medicină și Farmacie Nicolae Testemițanu, Centrul de Sănătate Publică din municipiul ChișinăuÎn scopul aprecierii inofensivității produselor de origine animală, au fost studiate și evaluate rezultatele investigațiilor sanitaro-microbiologice ale probelor de alimente, efectuate în Centrul de Sănătate Publică din municipiul Chișinău pe parcursul unei perioade de 10 ani (2009–2018). În total au fost efectuate 83.538 de investigații, cele mai multe fiind realizate cu probele din grupa cărnii și a derivatelor ei. Numărul investigațiilor a fost în descreștere, în special în ultimul an de studiu, ponderea lor alcătuind doar 5,9% din total. Ponderea medie a rezultatelor neconforme pentru toate grupele de alimente și pentru toată perioada luată în studiu a constituit 2,63%. Rezultatele medii obținute pentru grupele de alimente cercetate au fost, în general, apropiate: 2,83% pentru pește și produse de pește, 2,70% pentru lapte și produsele lactate, 2,51% pentru carne și derivatele ei, 2,47% pentru carnea de pasări și produsele avicole. Neconformitatea a fost cauzată în special de rezultatele cercetărilor după indicatorii bacteriile coliforme și NGMAFA, urmate la o distanță relativ mare de Staphylococcus aureus și alți indicatori.In order to evaluate the inoffensiveness of foods of animal origin, were studied and evaluated the results of sanitary-microbiological investigations of the food samples carried out in the Center of Public Health of Chisinau municipality during 10 years (2009-2018). A total of 83.538 investigations were carried out with samples of foods of animal origin, the most of them being carried out with samples from the group of meat and its derivatives. The total number of investigations was decreasing, especially in the last year of the study, the share accounting for this year having being only 5,9% of the total. The average share of non-compliant results for all food groups and for the whole study period was 2,63%. Th e average of obtained results for surveyed food groups was generally close: .2,83% for fi sh and fish products, 2,70% for milk and dairy products, 2,51% or meat and its derivatives, 2,47% for poultry meat and poultry products. The noncompliance was mainly caused by the results of the coliform bacteria and the number of aerobic and optional anaerobic mesophilic germs followed at a relatively large distance by Staphylococcus aureus and other indicators.Для оценки безопасности продуктов животного происхождения были изучены и оценены результаты санитарно-микробиологических исследований образцов пищевых продуктов, проведенных в Центре общественного здоровья муниципия Кишинэу в течение 10 лет (2009-2018). В общей сложности было проведено 83.538 исследований с образцами продуктов животного происхождения, большинство из которых были из группы мяса и мясных продуктов. Общее количество исследований уменьшалось, особенно в последний год исследования, когда их доля оставила всего 5,9% от их общего числа. Средняя доля несоответствующих результатов для всех групп пищевых продуктов и за весь период исследования составила 2,63%. Средние результаты, полученные по каждой группе продуктов, в целом были близки: 2,83% для рыбы и рыбных продуктов. 2,70% для молока и молочных продуктов, 2,51% для мяса и его производных, 2,47% для мяса птицы и птицепродуктов. Несоответствие было вызвано главным образом результатами исследований по показателям колиформные бактерии и количество аэробных и факультативно анаэробных мезофильных бактерий, за которыми на относительно большом расстоянии следовали Staphylococcus aureus и другие показатели

Chronicles of nature calendar, a long-term and large-scale multitaxon database on phenology

We present an extensive, large-scale, long-term and multitaxon database on phenological and climatic variation, involving 506,186 observation dates acquired in 471 localities in Russian Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan. The data cover the period 1890-2018, with 96% of the data being from 1960 onwards. The database is rich in plants, birds and climatic events, but also includes insects, amphibians, reptiles and fungi. The database includes multiple events per species, such as the onset days of leaf unfolding and leaf fall for plants, and the days for first spring and last autumn occurrences for birds. The data were acquired using standardized methods by permanent staff of national parks and nature reserves (87% of the data) and members of a phenological observation network (13% of the data). The database is valuable for exploring how species respond in their phenology to climate change. Large-scale analyses of spatial variation in phenological response can help to better predict the consequences of species and community responses to climate change.Peer reviewe

Phenological shifts of abiotic events, producers and consumers across a continent

Ongoing climate change can shift organism phenology in ways that vary depending on species, habitats and climate factors studied. To probe for large-scale patterns in associated phenological change, we use 70,709 observations from six decades of systematic monitoring across the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Among 110 phenological events related to plants, birds, insects, amphibians and fungi, we find a mosaic of change, defying simple predictions of earlier springs, later autumns and stronger changes at higher latitudes and elevations. Site mean temperature emerged as a strong predictor of local phenology, but the magnitude and direction of change varied with trophic level and the relative timing of an event. Beyond temperature-associated variation, we uncover high variation among both sites and years, with some sites being characterized by disproportionately long seasons and others by short ones. Our findings emphasize concerns regarding ecosystem integrity and highlight the difficulty of predicting climate change outcomes. The authors use systematic monitoring across the former USSR to investigate phenological changes across taxa. The long-term mean temperature of a site emerged as a strong predictor of phenological change, with further imprints of trophic level, event timing, site, year and biotic interactions.Peer reviewe

Productivity of Spring Wheat Using Megamix Mineral Fertilizers

The paper shows the research results related to the development of methods to increase the yield of spring wheat using Megamix liquid mineral fertilizers in the presowing treatment of seeds, treatment of crops on vegetation when introducing mineral fertilizers in seedbed preparation in the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region. The studies were carried out on the experimental field of Samara State University in 2017-2020. During the three-factor field experiment, dry matter accumulation and photosynthetic activity were evaluated with the analysis of photosynthetic potential and net productivity of photosynthesis. It was established that the best indicators are formed on versions with the treatment of seeding material with Megamix Seeds or Megamix Profi agents with subsequent double treatment on vegetation with Megamix Profi in the amount of 0.5l/ha (in the tillering phase) + Megamix Nitrogen in the amount of 0.5l/ha (in the flag leaf phase) against the background of N32P32K32 fertilizer application. The application of Megamix agents in the system of seed treatment + treatment of crops with Megamix stimulating agents provides the maximum accumulation of dry matter in the version of Megamix Seeds treatment and the treatment of crops with a mixture of Megamix Profi + Megamix Nitrogen – 591.9 g/m on soft crops and 622.6 g/m2 – durum wheat against the background of N32P32K32 application. The maximum photosynthetic potential of 0.968…1.091 million m2/ha per day is formed in these versions, and, consequently, the maximum yields with values of 3.73 t/ha on soft wheat crops and 3.44 t/ha on durum wheat crops. It was found that the use of liquid mineral fertilizers on all versions of the experiment reliably increases the yield of spring wheat

Systemic interaction between educators of choreographic disciplines under distance learning conditions

Distance learning is an essential component of modern choreographic education under quarantine restrictions. It puts new tasks in front of the academic teaching staff, administrators, managers, and other educational process participants; it demands new rules of interaction. The aim of this study was to identify the main problems and difficulties encountered in choreographic education under distance learning conditions, as well as to present a set of teaching activities intended to alleviate rejection and anxiety about the changes in teaching by all educational process participants. The article highlights several activities to find ways to enhance interaction between teachers and accompanists. We used a comprehensive approach to methodology: descriptive method, analysis, and synthesis to consider the theoretical foundations, statistical methods (qualitative and quantitative), the method of questioning, as well as the method of a pedagogical experiment - collection, description and analysis of the practical results of behavioral research. Choreographic education needs close interaction between all participants in the educational process under distance learning conditions. The latter relieves stress and improves the attitude to the work of the choreographer within the conditions changed due to quarantine restrictions. This interaction is facilitated by using the possibilities of digital space and the virtualization of the educational process. Further research should consider successful forms and methods of teaching choreography under distance learning conditions and look for effective ways of improving the interaction between all participants in the educational process

Validation of the method for determining the specific activity of the gel with recombinant endolysin

A method for determining the specific bactericidal activity of the gel with the recombinant modified endolysin of the bacteriophage ECD7 has been developed. Bacterial strains to determine the specific bactericidal activity were selected and acceptance criteria were determined. The developed methodology was validated according to the indicators “Specificity”, “Accuracy” and “Intermediate precision”. The developed method has been successfully validated and is suitable for determining the specific bactericidal activity of a gel with a recombinant modified endolysin

Fungal Adaptation to the Advanced Stages of Wood Decomposition: Insights from the Steccherinum ochraceum

Steccherinum ochraceum is a white rot basidiomycete with wide ecological amplitude. It occurs in different regions of Russia and throughout the world, occupying different climatic zones. S. ochraceum colonizes stumps, trunks, and branches of various deciduous (seldom coniferous) trees. As a secondary colonizing fungus, S. ochraceum is mainly observed at the late decay stages. Here, we present the de novo assembly and annotation of the genome of S. ochraceum, LE-BIN 3174. This is the 8th published genome of fungus from the residual polyporoid clade and the first from the Steccherinaceae family. The obtained genome provides a first glimpse into the genetic and enzymatic mechanisms governing adaptation of S. ochraceum to an ecological niche of pre-degraded wood. It is proposed that increased number of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) belonging to the AA superfamily and decreased number of CAZymes belonging to the GH superfamily reflects substrate preferences of S. ochraceum. This proposition is further substantiated by the results of the biochemical plate tests and exoproteomic study, which demonstrates that S. ochraceum assumes the intermediate position between typical primary colonizing fungi and litter decomposers or humus saprotrophs. Phylogenetic analysis of S. ochraceum laccase and class II peroxidase genes revealed the distinct evolutional origin of these genes in the Steccherinaceae family

Muon Radiography Method for Non-Invasive Probing an Archaeological Site in the Naryn-Kala Citadel

The paper presents the test experiment to investigate one of UNESCO’s (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) world heritage objects, an archaeological site in the Naryn-Kala citadel (Derbent, Republic of Dagestan, Russian Federation) hidden under the ground’s surface. The function of the site could be revealed by the muon radiography studies. Several nuclear emulsion detectors were exposed for two months inside the site at a depth about 10 m from the modern surface. The use of nuclear emulsions as probing radiation detectors combined with the potential of modern image analysis methods provides for a uniquely high resolution capacity of recording instrumentation and 3D reconstruction of the internal structure of the investigated object. Here we present the experiment and data analysis details and the first results

Biological Safety and Biodistribution of Chitosan Nanoparticles

The effect of unmodified chitosan nanoparticles with a size of ~100 nm and a weakly positive charge on blood coagulation, metabolic activity of cultured cardiomyocytes, general toxicity, biodistribution, and reactive changes in rat organs in response to their single intravenous administration at doses of 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg was studied. Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) have a small cytotoxic effect and have a weak antiplatelet and anticoagulant effect. Intravenous administration of CNPs does not cause significant hemodynamic changes, and 30 min after the CNPs administration, they mainly accumulate in the liver and lungs, without causing hemolysis and leukocytosis. The toxicity of chitosan nanoparticles was manifested in a dose-dependent short-term delay in weight gain with subsequent recovery, while in the 2-week observation period no signs of pain and distress were observed in rats. Granulomas found in the lungs and liver indicate slow biodegradation of chitosan nanoparticles. In general, the obtained results indicate a good tolerance of intravenous administration of an unmodified chitosan suspension in the studied dose range