Beyond “Uniqueness”: Habitual Traits in the Context of Cognitive-Communicative Continuity

Abstract. The paper discusses a longstanding and prevailing debate in thefields of comparative psychology and language evolution, namely the problem of continuity of cognitive and communicative abilities. It is suggested that although this problem has been addressed by multiple researchers, it remains a persistent topic of discussion and an important meta-theoretical theme in the field of language evolution. To support this claim, the paper first provides a brief overview of the continuity debate by discussing examples of prominent research work in comparative communication and cognition. It further suggests that the problem of continuity can be partly resolved by focusing on cognitive and behavioural trait distribution both between and within species. Specifically, it is proposed that conceptualising given traits as habitual, rather than human-unique, is informative for understanding evolutionary processes shaping human communicative abilities. Finally, the paper suggests that the debate on continuity would benefit from being placed in a broader framework of evolution of phenotypic plasticity and the role of cognition and behavior in evolutionary processes

О правописании заимствованных слов в якутском языке

The article is devoted to one of the topical issues of the Yakut spelling - the spelling of words borrowed from the Russian language. The purpose of the study is to trace the current state of spelling of borrowed words in the modern Yakut language. The study is carried out on material extracted from national newspapers. The theoretical basis for the study are the methodological provisions of N.D. Dyachkovsky on the description of the phonetic system of the Yakut language. The main methods of work are: the method of continuous sampling during the initial collection of material from newspaper sources, the method of linguistic analysis, descriptive method using the methods of observation, interpretation, comparison, generalization, method of quantitative data processing. The article presents the results of the analysis of spelling changes of Russisms that have undergone phonetic development, which can be used in the practice of compiling dictionaries of the Yakut language. It is concluded that the tendency to increase in phonetic spelling is in line with the dominant phonetic principle of the Yakut spelling.El artículo está dedicado a uno de los temas principales de la ortografía de Yakut: la ortografía de las palabras tomadas del idioma ruso. El propósito del estudio es rastrear el estado actual de la ortografía de las palabras prestadas en el lenguaje moderno Yakut. El estudio se realiza sobre material extraído de periódicos nacionales. Las bases teóricas para el estudio son las disposiciones metodológicas de N.D. Dyachkovsky sobre la descripción del sistema fonético de la lengua yakut. Los principales métodos de trabajo son: el método de muestreo continuo durante la recolección inicial de material de fuentes periodísticas, el método de análisis lingüístico, el método descriptivo que utiliza los métodos de observación, interpretación, comparación, generalización, método de procesamiento de datos cuantitativos. El artículo presenta los resultados del análisis de los cambios ortográficos de los rusos que han experimentado un desarrollo fonético, que se pueden utilizar en la práctica de compilar diccionarios de la lengua yakut. Se concluye que la tendencia a aumentar la ortografía fonética está en línea con el principio fonético dominante de la ortografía Yakut.Статья посвящена одному из актуальных вопросов якутской орфографии – правописанию заимствованных из русского языка слов. Цель исследования – проследить современное состояние правописания заимствованных слов в современном якутском языке. Исследование осуществляется на материале, извлеченном из республиканских якутоязычных газет. Теоретической основой для исследования являются методологические положения Н.Д. Дьячковского об описании фонетической системы якутского языка. Основными методами работы являются: метод сплошной выборки, метод лингвистического анализа, описательный метод. В статье представлены результаты анализа орфографических изменений русизмов, подвергшихся фонетическому освоению, которые могут быть использованы в практике составления словарей якутского языка. Делается вывод о том, что тенденция к увеличению фонетизированных написаний идет в русле господствующего фонетического принципа якутской орфографии

Pheromone trapping for control of Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

We study the impact of pheromone control against the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, a principal vector of diseases in citrus cultures. The model is expressed as a piecewise smooth ODE system, and its long-term behavior is analyzed. In particular, through qualitative analysis and applying an open-loop control approach, we identify the threshold in terms of two external parameters related to the pheromone traps, the amount of pheromones to be released and the male-killing rate, to ensure local elimination of the wild psyllid population. We also show that a feedback control with periodic assessments of the wild population sizes is applicable and then deduce that a mixed-type control, combining the open- and closed-loop control approaches, provides the best results. We present several simulations to illustrate our theoretical findings and to estimate the minimal amount of pheromones and time needed to reach the local elimination of wild psyllids. Finally, we discuss possible implementations of our results as a part of Integrated Pest Management programs.Comment: 47 pages, 12 figure

Optimal control of dengue epidemic outbreaks under limited resources

In this paper, we reflect upon control intervention practices habitually exerted by healthcare authorities in tropical areas that suffer from incidental outbreaks of dengue fever, in particular, the city of Cali, Colombia. Such control interventions, principally based on the insecticide spraying, are carried out sporadically in order to overcome an ongoing epidemic or at least to reduce its size. It is worth pointing out that control actions of this type do not usually account for sufficient budget because epidemic outbreaks are difficult to predict. In practical terms, these occasional control interventions are performed by spraying, as quickly as possible, all existing stock of insecticide (regardless of its lethality) and employing all available manpower. The goal of this paper is to design better strategies for insecticide-based control actions, which are capable of preventing more human infections at no additional cost, and to reveal the obsolescence of current vector eradication practices. Our approach relies on dynamic optimization, where the number of averted human infections is maximized under budget constraint and subject to a simple dengue transmission model amended with one control variable that stands for the insecticide spraying. As a result, we obtain structurally robust control intervention policies that demonstrate better performance and higher resilience to possible budget limitations than traditional modus operand

An oscillograms processing algorithm of a high power transformer on the basis of experimental data

The paper presents the studies on digital processing of oscillograms of the power transformer operation allowing determining the state of its windings of different types and degrees of damage. The study was carried out according to the authors' own methods using the Fourier analysis and the developed program based on the following application software packages: MathCAD and Lab View. The efficiency of the algorithm was demonstrated by the example of the waveform non-defective and defective transformers on the basis of the method of nanosecond pulses

Education in Universities in the Context of Distance Education

The aim of this work is to analyze the framework and approaches to the organization of distance learning in schools and universities. To achieve this goal, the article used both theoretical and empirical methods of scientific research. Thus, the work was based on functional and systematic methodological approaches, as well as the method of analysis and synthesis, comparison, deduction, lesson observation, generalization of independent characteristics. As a result of the study both theoretical and practical aspects of the study were obtained. Accordingly, in the theoretical part the essence of the concept of distance education, its characteristics and features of the organization was disclosed. On the basis of the information received, a practical part was established in which ways and mechanisms for conducting distance learning classes in both secondary and higher education institutions in Ukraine were established. In future scientific papers related to distance learning, it is necessary to consider ways of using artificial intelligence to organize this type of learning process