O pewnym typie konstrukcji deagentywnych w językach polskim, rosyjskim i bułgarskim (perspektywa etnoskładniowa)

The article discusses a de-agentive construction, in which actions that have their own agents are presented as agentless. On the basis of analyses conducted by Anna Wierzbicka, Yuriy Apresyan, Yuriy Knyazev, and data from the National Corpus of Polish (NKJP), three languages are compared: Polish, Russian, and Bulgarian. De-agentive constructions are used for a pragmatic purpose: to change the status of the agent to a passive participant. Five states are captured by means of this construction type: (1) physical actions, whose fulfilment is independent of the agent; (2) intellectual or perceptual processes not subject to human control; (3) actions and processes dependent on external circumstances; (4) actions directly connected to human psychology; (5) impulses, physiological states, and emotions that only marginally, if at all, depend on human agency. It is concluded that Polish constructions are characterised by the belief that human actions are controlled from the outside by something indefinite; in Russian, the experiencer’s internal states are underscored; Bulgarian points to the role of control on emotional and physiological states.W artykule zaprezentowano jeden szczególny typ konstrukcji deagentywnej, która czynności mające swojego wykonawcę przedstawia w taki sposób, jakby były pozbawione wykonawcy. Na podstawie analiz przeprowadzonych przez Annę Wierzbicką, Jurija Apresjana, Jurija Kniazewa oraz materiałów językowych zgromadzonych w Narodowym Korpusie Języka Polskiego, autorka dokonuje analizy danych z trzech języków słowiańskich: polskiego, rosyjskiego i bułgarskiego. Dostrzega cel pragmatyczny realizowany przez użycie konstrukcji deagentywnych badanego typu – zmianę aktywnej roli wykonawcy na rolę biernego uczestnika. Wyróżnia pięć stanów rzeczy ujmowanych w tej konstrukcji: 1. czynności o charakterze fizycznym, których jakość realizacji jest niezależna od woli wykonawcy; 2. procesy umysłowe lub percepcyjne niepoddające się kontroli człowieka; 3. czynności i procesy zależne od okoliczności zewnętrznych; 4. działania bezpośrednio związane z ludzką psychiką; 5. impulsy oraz stany fizjologiczne i emocjonalne, które w niewielkim stopniu zależą, a czasami w ogóle nie zależą od woli człowieka. Z przeprowadzonych obserwacji wynika, że specyfiką języka polskiego jest przekonanie, że działania człowieka są kontrolowane z zewnątrz przez coś nieokreślonego; język rosyjski charakteryzuje potrzeba uwydatniania świata wewnętrznego experiencera, a język bułgarski podkreśla wagę kontroli nad stanami emocjonalnymi i fizjologicznymi

Experimental research of partial regular microreliefs formed on rotary body face surfaces

The basic regularities in the influence of processing parameters on the geometrical characteristics of the partially regular microreliefs, formed on the rotary body face surface, are established. Combinations of partially regular microreliefs are formed by using a contemporary CNC milling machine, and an advanced programing method, based on previously developed mathematical models. Full factorial experimental design is carried out, which consist of three factors, varied on three levels. Regression stochastic models in coded and natural form, which give the relations between the width of the grooves and the deforming force, feed rate and the pitch of the axial grooves, are derived as a result. Response surfaces and contour plots are built in order to facilitate the results analysis. Based on the dependencies of the derived regression stochastic models, it is found that the greatest impact on the width of the grooves has the magnitude of the deforming force,followed by the feed rate. Also, it is found that the axial pitch between adjacent toolpaths has the least impact on the width of the grooves. As a result of the full-factorial experiment, the average geometric parameters of the microrelief grooves were obtained on their basis. When used, these values will provide for the required value of the relative burnishing area of the surface with regular microreliefs, and, accordingly, the specified operational properties

МЕТАФОРИ ОТ ОБЛАСТТА НА ХРАНЕНЕТО В БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ЕЗИК

The article aims at analysing the lexical field of food as a source of metaphorical transfer. The lexemes with possible metaphorical usage are classified according to one main criterion: the motivational feature of the metaphorization. In the case of two subgroups, the latter is supplemented by two auxiliary criteria. The article draws conclusions about the associative thinking of native Bulgarian speakers with respect to their life experience in the field under consideration.Metafory w słownictwie z zakresu odżywiania się w języku bułgarskimArtykuł stanowi próbę analizy leksyki z grupy tematycznej odżywianie się jako źródła transformacji metaforycznych. Leksemy, które potencjalnie mogą być wykorzystywane w metaforach zostały poddane klasyfikacji według podstawowego kryterium – motywacyjnej oznaki metaforyzacji, które w dwóch podgrupach uzupełniono dwoma dodatkowymi kryteriami. Sformułowane na tej podstawie wnioski o myśleniu asocjatywnym użytkowników języka bułgarskiego związane są z zakresem ich doświadczenia życiowego.METAFORY Z ZAKRESU ŻYWIENIA SIĘ W JĘZYKU BUŁGARSKIM W artykule spróbowano zanalizować leksykę z grupy tematycznej żywienia się jak źródło transformacji metaforycznych. Leksemy z możliwym wykorzystaniem metaforycznym klasyfikuje się według jednego podstawowego kryterium – motywacyjnej oznaki metaforyzacji, który w dwóch podgrupach dopełniono innymi dwoma posiłkowymi kryteriami. Wyniesiono wnioski o myśleniu asocjatywnym mówiących języka bułgarskiego w związku z rozpatrywanym  zakresem jego doświadczenia życiowego

Comparison of the methods for determination of calibration and verification intervals of measuring devices

The paper presents different determination and optimisation methods for verification intervals of technical devices for monitoring and measurement based on the requirements of some widely used international standards, e.g. ISO 9001, ISO/IEC 17020, ISO/IEC 17025 etc., maintained by various organizations implementing measuring devices in practice. Comparative analysis of the reviewed methods is conducted in terms of opportunities for assessing the adequacy of interval(s) for calibration of measuring devices and their optimisation accepted by an organization – an extension or reduction depending on the obtained results. The advantages and disadvantages of the reviewed methods are discussed, and recommendations for their applicability are provided

Measuring the roundness deviation in the Vblock measurement method

In this paper the measurement capabilities of form deviation of cylindrical surfaces using V-Block method are studied. The paper presents the influence of the V - Block angle to the ratio coefficient of dimension, and the ratio coefficient of form deviation on the k-harmonic. The equations for the dimension ratio coefficient and the form ratio coefficient of kharmonic are obtained. These equations give the opportunity to choose the most appropriate combination for the V-block angle and the measurement direction, angle β. Studies have been made using V-Blocks with the most common angles by symmetrical and non-symmetrical measurement schemes. Using V-Blocks for measurement is rational and appropriate in cases where for all measured details the number of harmonics are known in advance

Кinesitherapy program for patients with Chronic bronchitis

Abstract Chronic bronchitis is an inflammation of the lower parts of the respiratory tract and bronchi. It is characterized by permanent secretion of larger amounts of mucous membrane or mucous membrane secretion. What is manifested by coughing or spasmoding of mucus or mucous membrane secretion. To obtain a positive effect from treatment is necessary special targeted education in proper breathing and effective operation of the respiratory muscles with appropriate exercises to show. Goal: To show a kinesitherapy program in patients with chronic bronchitis. Matherials and methods: Initially, respiratory kinesitherapy is used to help the bladder system to reduce the occurrence of bronchial insufficiency and to improve alveolar ventilation. In the basic part, exercises are used for stinging respiratory muscles, vibration diving, walking and running at a steady pace and controlled breathing, etc. In the final part, respiratory and relaxing exercises, fun games, etc. are applied. Results: With the help of exercises improves exercise, expiratory, inspiratory, massage affects the intercostal muscles that release the airways and increases the volume of the chest, with drainage helps to eject the secretion from the airways. Conclusion: When there is no possibility for some adults to engage in groups, the targeted kinesitherapy method can be used individually at home

Comparison of the methods for determination of calibration and verification intervals of measuring devices

The paper presents different determination and optimisation methods for verification intervals of technical devices for monitoring and measurement based on the requirements of some widely used international standards, e.g. ISO 9001, ISO/IEC 17020, ISO/IEC 17025 etc., maintained by various organizations implementing measuring devices in practice. Comparative analysis of the reviewed methods is conducted in terms of opportunities for assessing the adequacy of interval(s) for calibration of measuring devices and their optimisation accepted by an organization – an extension or reduction depending on the obtained results. The advantages and disadvantages of the reviewed methods are discussed, and recommendations for their applicability are provided

Influence of the Milling Conditions of Aluminium Alloy 2017A on the Surface Roughness

The article presents the results and process analysis of the face milling of aluminium alloy 2017A with the CoroMill 490 tool on an AVIA VMC 800 vertical milling centre. The study analysed the effects of the cutting speed, the feed rate, the actual number of teeth involved in the process, the minimum thickness of the cut layer (hmin), and the relative displacement in the tool-workpiece system D(ξ) on the surface roughness parameter Ra. To measure relative displacement, an original bench was used with an XL-80 laser interferometer. The analysis of relative displacement and surface roughness allowed these factors to be correlated with each other. The purpose of this article is to determine the stable operating ranges of the CoroMill 490-050Q22-08M milling head with respect to the value of the generated relative displacement w during the face-milling process and to determine its influence on surface roughness. The research methodology presented in this paper and the cutting tests carried out allowed the determination of the optimum operating parameters of the CoroMill 490-050Q22-08M tool during the face milling of aluminium alloy 2017A, which are vc 300 m/m and fz—0.14 mm/tooth. Working with the defined cutting parameters allows all the cutting inserts in the tool body to be involved in shaping the geometrical structure of the surface, while maintaining a low vibration level D(ξ) > 1 µm, a low value of the parameter hmin > 1.5 µm, and the desired value of the parameter Ra > 0.2 µ

Analyzing the Potential of Drill Bits 3D Printed Using the Direct Metal Laser Melting (DMLM) Technology to Drill Holes in Polyamide 6 (PA6)

Drilling with standard twist drill bits is the most common method to create cylindrical holes. With the constant development of additive manufacturing technologies and easier access to additive manufacturing equipment, it is now possible to design and fabricate solid tools suitable for various machining applications. Specially designed 3D printed drill bits seem more convenient for standard and nonstandard drilling operations than conventionally made tools. The study described in this article aimed to analyze the performance of a solid twist drill bit made from steel 1.2709 using direct metal laser melting (DMLM), which was compared with that of a drill bit manufactured conventionally. The experiments involved assessing the dimensional and geometric accuracy of the holes made by the two types of drill bits and comparing the forces and torques occurring during the drilling of holes in cast polyamide 6 (PA6)