Uso, reuso e tratamento da água na indústria de alimentos: um estudo teórico

This paper aims to analyze the scientific literature produced on water use, reuse, and treatment, in the food industry during the period between 2008 and 2018. The study considered articles indexed in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, as well as Brazilian theses and dissertations. The research used content analysis to explore the corpus, which was formed by the publications’ abstracts, and the software Iramuteq was used to support the analysis. The content was separated into two lexical blocks: a) “water management,” explained by the classes “water consumption indicators,” “rational use of water,” and “environmental management;” and (b) “wastewater management,” explained by the classes “fluent management” and “measurement and monitoring.” The study pointed to four emergent research opportunities on the theme: “water conservation;” “water reuse;” “new productive standards,” and “empirical studies.” The results show a high interest of Chinese, Indian, and European researchers in water management in all cycles of use, and scarce studies in highly industrialized countries with a strong projection of water stress, such as the USA, Japan, and Russia. Also, it is possible to observe that there is a growing interest in this subject due to the projection of water stress in the near future.Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a literatura científica produzida sobre uso, reuso e tratamentoda água na indústria de alimentos no período de 2008 a 2018. O estudo considerou artigos indexadosnas bases de dados Scopus e Web of Science, bem como teses e dissertações. A pesquisa utilizou aanálise de conteúdo para explorar o corpus; formado pelos resumos das publicações e, o softwareIramuteq, para apoiar a análise. O conteúdo foi segmentado em dois blocos lexicais: a) “gestão daágua”, explicada pelas classes “indicadores de consumo de água”, “uso racional da água” e “gestãoambiental”; e (b) “gerenciamento de águas residuais”, explicado pelas classes “gerenciamento deefluente” e “medição e monitoramento”. O estudo apontou quatro oportunidades de pesquisaemergentes sobre o tema: “conservação da água”; "reutilização da água"; "novos padrões produtivos" e"estudos empíricos". Os principais resultados apontaram interesse de pesquisadores da China, Índia eEuropa no gerenciamento de água em todos os ciclos de uso e estudos escassos em países altamente industrializados e com uma forte projeção de estresse hídrico, como EUA, Japão e Rússia. Além disso, épossível observar que há um interesse crescente nesse assunto devido à projeção do estresse hídricoem um futuro próximo.

Shiga toxin 2 from enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli induces reactive glial cells and neurovascular disarrangements including edema and lipid peroxidation in the murine brain hippocampus

Background: Shiga toxin 2 from enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli is the etiologic agent of bloody diarrhea, hemolytic uremic syndrome and derived encephalopathies that may result to death in patients. Being a Gram negative bacterium, lipopolysaccharide is also released. Particularly, the hippocampus has been found affected in patients intoxicated with Shiga toxin 2. In the current work, the deleterious effects of Shiga toxin 2 and lipopolysaccharide are investigated in detail in hippocampal cells for the first time in a translational murine model, providing conclusive evidences on how these toxins may damage in the observed clinic cases. Methods: Male NIH mice (25 g) were injected intravenously with saline solution, lipopolysaccharide, Shiga toxin 2 or a combination of Shiga toxin 2 with lipopolysaccharide. Brain water content assay was made to determine brain edema. Another set of animals were intracardially perfused with a fixative solution and their brains were subjected to immunofluorescence with lectins to determine the microvasculature profile, and anti-GFAP, anti-NeuN, anti-MBP and anti-Iba1 to study reactive astrocytes, neuronal damage, myelin dysarrangements and microglial state respectively. Finally, the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances Assay was made to determine lipid peroxidation. In all assays, statistical significance was performed using the One-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: Systemic sublethal administration of Shiga toxin 2 increased the expressions of astrocytic GFAP and microglial Iba1, and decreased the expressions of endothelial glycocalyx, NeuN neurons from CA1 pyramidal layer and oligodendrocytic MBP myelin sheath from the fimbria of the hippocampus. In addition, increased interstitial fluids and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances-derived lipid peroxidation were also found. The observed outcomes were enhanced when sublethal administration of Shiga toxin 2 was co-administered together with lipopolysaccharide. Conclusion: Systemic sublethal administration of Shiga toxin 2 produced a deterioration of the cells that integrate the vascular unit displaying astrocytic and microglial reactive profiles, while edema and lipid peroxidation were also observed. The contribution of lipopolysaccharide to pathogenicity caused by Shiga toxin 2 resulted to enhance the observed hippocampal damage.Fil: Berdasco, Clara Valentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Vasconcelos Esteves Pinto, Alipio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Calabró López, María Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Arenas Mosquera, David. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Cangelosi, Adriana. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbrán"; ArgentinaFil: Geoghegan, Patricia. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbrán"; ArgentinaFil: Evelson, Pablo Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Goldstein Raij, Jorge. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay; Argentin

Changuinola Virus Serogroup, New Genomes within the Genus Orbivirus (Family Reoviridae) Isolated in the Brazilian Amazon Region

We report here the first complete genome sequence of a Changuinola virus (CGLV) serotype Irituia virus (BE AN 28873) isolated from a wild rodent (Oryzomys goeldi) in the municipality of Ipixuna, State of Pará, northern Brazil. All genome segments showed similarity with those belonging to members of the genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae

Air Travel Is Associated with Intracontinental Spread of Dengue Virus Serotypes 1–3 in Brazil

Dengue virus and its four serotypes (DENV-1 to DENV-4) infect 390 million people and are implicated in at least 25,000 deaths annually, with the largest disease burden in tropical and subtropical regions. We investigated the spatial dynamics of DENV-1, DENV-2 and DENV-3 in Brazil by applying a statistical framework to complete genome sequences. For all three serotypes, we estimated that the introduction of new lineages occurred within 7 to 10-year intervals. New lineages were most likely to be imported from the Caribbean region to the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, and then to disperse at a rate of approximately 0.5 km/day. Joint statistical analysis of evolutionary, epidemiological and ecological data indicates that aerial transportation of humans and/or vector mosquitoes, rather than Aedes aegypti infestation rates or geographical distances, determine dengue virus spread in Brazil

Vivencias masculinas após confirmação do diagnóstico de HIV: Men's experiences after confirmation of HIV diagnosis

Objetivo: Conhecer a vivência de homens após o diagnóstico de HIV. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo descritiva com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada nos meses de fevereiro e março de 2021, no ambulatório de infectologia de uma unidade de atenção secundária através de entrevistas com homens que receberam diagnostico de HIV. Para compor a análise dos depoimentos utilizou-se de categorização. Resultados: A partir da compreensão dos depoimentos no momento do diagnóstico, alguns sentimentos foram desvelados tais como medo, angustia e rejeição, além disso, ficou evidenciado a invisibilidade familiar na participação do diagnóstico pela dificuldade de comunicação, em virtude do medo da discriminação e o estigma sofrido. Outra vivência relatada foi as relações fragilizadas com suas parcerias pela dificuldade em expor seu status sorológico e comprometer seus relacionamentos afetivos. Conclusão: Ao final dessa pesquisa, foi possível perceber que o indivíduo com HIV ainda é estigmatizado, na maioria dos depoimentos ficou evidente que os sentimentos de medo, tristeza e angústia estavam presentes desde o diagnóstico até os dias atuais, e que, a família, amigos e parceiros foram aqueles de quem menos tiveram apoio por manter em segredo sua condição sorológica com receio de rejeição