Impactos na Saúde Associados ao Uso de Psicoestimulantes: Uma Revisão Sistemática

This article conducts a systematic review of health impacts associated with the use of psychostimulants, encompassing clinical and recreational contexts. The introduction emphasizes the relevance of the topic given the prevalence of these substances and the need to understand their comprehensive effects. The methodology employed involved an extensive literature search on platforms such as PubMed and Scopus, establishing clear inclusion/exclusion criteria, and applying rigorous assessment of the quality of selected studies. In the discussion, we explore the therapeutic benefits of these psychostimulants, highlighting their efficacy in treating conditions such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, the analysis also covers physical and mental risks, especially when these substances are used outside the medical context, demonstrating associations with cardiovascular complications and psychiatric disorders. The crucial differentiation between therapeutic and recreational use is emphasized, underscoring the importance of an individualized assessment to understand the risks and benefits associated with each usage context. The conclusion emphasizes the need for clarity in communication about the use of psychostimulants, a careful evaluation of long-term impacts, and the implementation of public health strategies sensitive to social and cultural influences. This work contributes to a comprehensive understanding of health impacts related to psychostimulants, providing valuable insights for healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers in managing these substances in different contexts.Este artigo realiza uma revisão sistemática dos impactos na saúde associados ao uso de psicoestimulantes, abrangendo contextos clínicos e recreativos. A introdução destaca a relevância do tema diante da prevalência dessas substâncias e da necessidade de compreender seus efeitos abrangentes. A metodologia adotada envolveu uma busca bibliográfica extensiva em bases como PubMed e Scopus, estabelecendo critérios claros de inclusão/exclusão e aplicando uma avaliação rigorosa da qualidade dos estudos selecionados. Na discussão, exploramos os benefícios terapêuticos desses psicoestimulantes, evidenciando sua eficácia no tratamento de condições como o Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH). Contudo, a análise abrange também os riscos físicos e mentais, especialmente quando essas substâncias são utilizadas fora do contexto médico, evidenciando a associação com complicações cardiovasculares e transtornos psiquiátricos. A diferenciação crucial entre o uso terapêutico e o recreativo é destacada, enfatizando a importância de uma avaliação individualizada para compreender os riscos e benefícios associados a cada contexto de uso. A conclusão ressalta a necessidade de clareza na comunicação sobre o uso de psicoestimulantes, uma avaliação cuidadosa dos impactos a longo prazo e a implementação de estratégias de saúde pública sensíveis às influências sociais e culturais. Este trabalho contribui para a compreensão abrangente dos impactos na saúde relacionados a psicoestimulantes, fornecendo insights valiosos para profissionais de saúde, pesquisadores e formuladores de políticas no manejo dessas substâncias em diferentes contextos

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Avaliação nutricional de pacientes hospitalizados: concordância entre diferentes métodos - doi: 10.5020/18061230.2012.p110

Objective: To evaluate the correlation between the nutritional diagnosis by subjective global nutritional assessment (SGA) and that obtained by anthropometric measurements in patients admitted to a public hospital in the city of Fortaleza-CE, Brazil. Methods: Assessment of nutritional status was conducted for all 50 patients who were hospitalized in the period from August to September 2008. Besides measurement of weight, height, arm circumference and triceps skinfold thickness, SGA form was applied to each patient. Nutritional status was established based on the percentage of appropriateness of each measure and on the scores obtained through the form. Agreement between the diagnoses obtained by the two methods was assessed using the chi-square test with continuity correction. Results: Study participants were 31 (62%) male patients and 19 (38%) females, aged 37.08 ± 11.92 years. Association was found between nutritional diagnosis through SGA and nutritional diagnosis based on final anthropometric evaluation, with statistically significant differences (p = 0.047) between both diagnoses. Conclusion: There may be disagreement concerning nutritional diagnosis when the patient is assessed by different methods.Avaliar a concordância entre o diagnóstico nutricional obtido pela avaliação nutricional subjetiva global (ANSG) com o obtido pela avaliação antropométrica em pacientes internados em um hospital da rede pública, na cidade de Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. métodos: Realizou-se a avaliação do estado nutricional em todos os 50 pacientes que estavam internados, no período de agosto a setembro de 2008. Além das medidas de peso, altura, circunferência do braço e prega cutânea tricipital, utilizou-se o formulário da ANSG em cada paciente. O diagnóstico nutricional foi estabelecido a partir do percentual de adequação de cada medida e da pontuação obtida através do formulário. Avaliou-se a concordância entre os diagnósticos obtidos pelos dois métodos, através do teste Qui-Quadrado, com correção de continuidade. resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 31 (62%) pacientes do sexo masculino e 19 (38%) do sexo feminino, com idade de 37,08±11,92 anos. Existiu associação entre o diagnóstico nutricional da ANSG com o diagnóstico nutricional da avaliação antropométrica final, sendo encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p= 0,047) entre ambos os diagnósticos. conclusão: Podem existir discordâncias de diagnóstico nutricional quando o paciente é avaliado por diferentes métodos

Avaliação da terapia nutricional enteral em pacientes críticos de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva

Objetivo: Avaliar a adequação da terapia nutricional enteral em pacientes críticos de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo, analítico e prospectivo realizado de fevereiro a maio de 2016 com pacientes entre 18 e 60 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital da rede pública, na cidade de Fortaleza. Utilizou-se como instrumento de coleta o formulário adotado pela instituição para o preenchimento de dados relacionados à nutrição enteral e às causas do não fornecimento da dieta. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se ANOVA seguido do teste de Tukey, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: Foram avaliados 35 pacientes, sendo 62,9% (n=22) do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 42,86±10,84 anos. As necessidades calóricas tiveram média de 1936,81Kcal±244,88Kcal, as calorias prescritas de 1083,49Kcal±363,24Kcal e as calorias recebidas de 876,0Kcal±389,97Kcal. A média das calorias prescritas representou 58,37% (p<0,001) da média das necessidades calóricas, e a média das calorias recebidas representou 77,79% (p<0,001) das calorias prescritas e 47,71% (p<0,001) das necessidades calóricas. Quanto às calorias prescritas, 75,6% encontravam-se inadequadas quando comparadas às necessidades calóricas, e com relação às calorias recebidas, 54,3% encontravam-se adequadas em relação à prescrição e 81,4% inadequadas em comparação as necessidades calóricas. A presença de resíduo gástrico foi o principal motivo da dieta não ser administrada em sua totalidade, representando 47,12% (n=49) das intercorrências. Conclusão: Observaram-se relevantes inadequações calóricas entre calorias prescritas, calorias recebidas e necessidades energéticas, sugerindo que os pacientes se encontravam com déficits energéticos importantes