A third sector in the core-periphery model: non-tradable goods

We extend an analytically solvable core-periphery model by introducing a monopolistically competitive sector of non-tradable goods. We study how trade costs affect the spatial distribution of economic activity. Trade costs have no effect when the elasticity of substitution among non-tradable goods is low. In this case, concentration of all production (of tradable and non-tradable goods) is the unique equilibrium. When the elasticity of substitution among non-tradable goods is high, we find two equilibrium configurations: symmetric dispersion of the production of tradable and non-tradable goods, if trade costs are high; and concentration of production of tradable goods with asymmetric dispersion of production of non-tradable goods, if trade costs are low.New economic geography, Core-periphery model, Footloose entrepreneur, Nontradable goods

The core periphery model with asymmetric inter-regional and intra-regional trade costs

We generalize the model of Krugman (1991) to allow for asymmetric trade costs between regions and for (asymmetric) trade costs that are internal to the regions. We find that industrial activity, in a region, is enhanced by higher costs of importing and lower costs of exporting (more precisely, by a higher ratio between the two trade costs). This suggests that countries may impose tariffs on imported goods and seek to remove the import tariffs in other countries (unilateral protectionism) in order to foster industrial activity. Industrial activity is also promoted by lower domestic internal trade costs and higher foreign internal trade costs (more precisely, by a lower ratio between the two trade costs).New Economic Geography, Core-Periphery, Trade costs, Unilateral protectionism.

Essays on New Economic Geography

EconomiaDoctoral Programme in Economic

"Estágio Profissional: Uma (trans) formação enquanto professor estagiário."

Este documento singular e pessoal tem como principal objetivo retratar todo o ano letivo vivenciado por mim na Escola Básica Júlio Dinis. Neste documento estão incluídos os sentimentos e muitas das experiências vividas ao longo do ano de estágio.A estruturação do relatório está dividida em seis capítulos: no primeiro, "Introdução", encontra-se descrito o enquadramento acerca do que contarei. No segundo capítulo "Enquadramento biográfico", refiro o que me fez percorrer este caminho até aqui chegar, narra ainda como surgiu o desporto na minha vida. O terceiro capítulo é alusivo ao "Enquadramento da Prática Profissional", aqui caraterizo a escola onde fiz o estágio e as turmas que me foram atribuídas. No capítulo número 4, "Enquadramento Operacional", é onde se encontra o cerne do relatório, apresentando as estratégias implementadas face às dificuldades que foram surgindo durante este ano, é como uma reflexão acerca do processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Estando dividido em três áreas de desempenho, Organização e Gestão do Ensino e da Aprendizagem; Participação na escola e relação com a comunidade; Desenvolvimento Profissional. O quinto capítulo está reservado para o "Estudo de Investigação": a condição física - um objetivo primordial nas aulas de Educação Física, uma vez que a implementação de circuitos de treino funcional nas aulas de EF são importantes para uma melhoria significativa da condição física dos alunos. O sexto e último capítulo refere-se às "Considerações finais", aqui estão incluídas todas as aprendizagens adquiridas durante este ano letivo, assim como a perspetiva para o futuro.This singular and personal document has as its main objective to portray all the academic year experienced by me in the Escola Básica Júlio Dinis. This document includes the feelings and many of the experiences lived during the year of the internship.The structure of the report is divided into six chapters: in the first, "Introduction", describes the main context of the internship. In the second chapter, "Biographical Background," I´m referring to what has made me travel on this journey as such as appearance of sports in my life. The third chapter is alluding to the "Framework of Professional Practice", here I characterize the school where the internship was developed and also the classes that have been assigned to me. In chapter 4, "Operational Framework", is where lays the core of the report, presenting the strategy implemented in order to overcome the difficulties that arise during the internship, is a reflection on the teaching-learning process. This chapter is divided into three areas of activity: Organization and Management of Teaching and Learning; Participation in school and relationship with the community and Professional development. The fifth chapter is reserved for the "Research Study": the physical condition - a primary objective in Physical Education classes, since the implementation of functional training circuits in EF classes is important for a significant improvement in the physical condition of the students. The sixth and final chapter refers to the "Final Considerations" and it includes all the lessons learned during this school year, as well as a perspective for the future

PARQUE URBANO DA PAZ: A CONSTRUÇÃO DE UM NOVO CONCEITO NO PARQUE NACIONAL DA TIJUCA

O presente trabalho objetiva apresentar e discutir um novo conceito, o de Parque Urbano da Paz, em construção no Parque Nacional da Tijuca. A proposta teve como inspiração o olhar sobre a realidade local, constituída por um patrimônio natural de grande importância para a conservação, sob forte pressão urbana e associada a um contexto de conflito, violência e exclusão social. Sob essa ótica, uma unidade de conservação pode representar um mecanismo essencial para a discussão de cidadania e para uma reflexão ética sobre desenvolvimento e conservação ambiental na lógica da sustentabilidade

Unravelling the structural variation of lizard osteoderms

Vertebrate skin is a remarkable organ that supports and protects the body. It consists of two layers, the epidermis and the underlying dermis. In some tetrapods, the dermis includes mineralised organs known as osteoderms (OD). Lizards, with over 7,000 species, show the greatest diversity in OD morphology and distribution, yet we barely understand what drives this diversity. This multiscale analysis of five species of lizards, whose lineages diverged ∼100–150 million years ago, compared the micro- and macrostructure, material properties, and bending rigidity of their ODs, and examined the underlying bones of the skull roof and jaw (including teeth when possible). Unsurprisingly, OD shape, taken alone, impacts bending rigidity, with the ODs of Corucia zebrata being most flexible and those of Timon lepidus being most rigid. Macroscopic variation is also reflected in microstructural diversity, with differences in tissue composition and arrangement. However, the properties of the core bony tissues, in both ODs and cranial bones, were found to be similar across taxa, although the hard, capping tissue on the ODs of Heloderma and Pseudopus had material properties similar to those of tooth enamel. The results offer evidence on the functional adaptations of cranial ODs, but questions remain regarding the factors driving their diversity

COMPRIME - COnhecer Mais PaRa Intervir MElhor: Preliminary Mapping of Municipal Level Determinants of COVID-19 Transmission in Portugal at Different Moments of the 1st Epidemic Wave

The role of demographic and socio-economic determinants of COVID-19 transmission is still unclear and is expected to vary in different contexts and epidemic periods. Exploring such determinants may generate a hypothesis about transmission and aid the definition of prevention strategies. Objectives: To identify municipality-level demographic and socio-economic determinants of COVID-19 in Portugal. Methods: We assessed determinants of COVID-19 daily cases at 4 moments of the first COVID-19 epidemic wave in Portugal, related with lockdown and post-lockdown measures. We selected 60 potential determinants from 5 dimensions: population and settlement, disease, economy, social context, and mobility. We conducted a multiple linear regression (MLR) stepwise analysis (p < 0.05) and an artificial neural network (ANN) analysis with the variables to identify predictors of the number of daily cases. Results: For MLR, some of the identified variables were: resident population and population density, exports, overnight stays in touristic facilities, the location quotient of employment in accommodation, catering and similar activities, education, restaurants and lodging, some industries and building construction, the share of the population working outside the municipality, the net migration rate, income, and renting. In ANN, some of the identified variables were: population density and resident population, urbanization, students in higher education, income, exports, social housing buildings, production services employment, and the share of the population working outside the municipality of residence. Conclusions: Several factors were identified as possible determinants of COVID- 19 transmission at the municipality level. Despite limitations to the study, we believe that this information should be considered to promote communication and prevention approaches. Further research should be conducted.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A COVID-19 outbreak in a rheumatology department upon the early days of the pandemic

Copyright © 2020 Cascão, Vidal, Carvalho, Lopes, Romão, Goncalves, Moita andFonseca. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.Objectives: To describe our experience with a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak within a large rheumatology department early in the pandemic. Methods: Symptomatic and asymptomatic healthcare workers (HCWs) had a naso-oropharyngeal swab for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and were followed clinically. Reverse transcription polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) was repeated to document cure, and serological response was assessed. Patients with risk contacts within the department in the 14 days preceding the outbreak were screened for COVID-19 symptoms. Results: 14/34 HCWs (41%; 40 ± 14 years, 71% female) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and 11/34 (32%) developed symptoms but were RT-PCR-negative. Half of RT-PCR-positive HCWs did not report fever, cough, or dyspnea before testing, which were absent in 3/14 cases (21%). Mild disease prevailed (79%), but 3 HCWs had moderate disease requiring further assessment, which excluded severe complications. Nevertheless, symptom duration (28 ± 18 days), viral shedding (31 ± 10 days post-symptom onset, range 15-51), and work absence (29 ± 28 days) were prolonged. 13/14 (93%) of RT-PCR-positive and none of the RT-PCR-negative HCWs had a positive humoral response Higher IgG indexes were observed in individuals over 50 years of age (14.5 ± 7.7 vs. 5.0 ± 4.4, p = 0.012). Of 617 rheumatic patients, 8 (1.3%) developed COVID-19 symptoms (1/8 hospitalization, 8/8 complete recovery), following a consultation/procedure with an asymptomatic (7/8) or mildly symptomatic (1/8) HCW. Conclusions: A COVID-19 outbreak can occur among HCWs and rheumatic patients, swiftly spreading over the presymptomatic stage. Mild disease without typical symptoms should be recognized and may evolve with delayed viral shedding, prolonged recovery, and adequate immune response in most individuals.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio