a study on the supply chain and market selection dilemnas of indian diamond industry

This study aims to investigate the underlying dilemmas that exist in the Indian diamond industry, which is presently standing at a cross-road, where the retail demand of Indian diamonds in foreign as well as in the domestic markets have turned slack due to inappropriate ��supply chain management and market selection practices. In order to capture the various issues faced by the industry players, literature review on the key components of SCM, in context of Indian diamond industry supply chain and market selection has been focused. As this study needed to gain an in-depth understanding of the predicaments faced by the industry players at various stages of the supply chain, qualitative research method was chosen and five participants of well-known diamond jewellery companies were interviewed to carry out this research. Thorough analysis of the interview data followed by a comparison with the literature framework has helped in unfolding certain facts that were not covered in any of the researches in this field. These critical issues need to be addressed with the help of efficient supply chain management and market selection strategies, as these strategies would lead to huge savings in total cost of diamond jewellery coupled with solving other dilemmas, which hampers the growth of trade in this creative industrial sector. Therefore, this study will have an important commercial viability as it will help organizations to re-capture the foreign as well as domestic markets that has turned slack due to inappropriate ��SCM and market selection practices

Strong Single- and Two-Photon Luminescence Enhancement by Nonradiative Energy Transfer across Layered Heterostructure

The strong light-matter interaction in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is promising for nanoscale optoelectronics with their direct band gap nature and the ultra-fast radiative decay of the strongly bound excitons these materials host. However, the impeded amount of light absorption imposed by the ultra-thin nature of the monolayers impairs their viability in photonic applications. Using a layered heterostructure of a monolayer TMD stacked on top of strongly absorbing, non-luminescent, multi-layer SnSe2, we show that both single-photon and two-photon luminescence from the TMD monolayer can be enhanced by a factor of 14 and 7.5, respectively. This is enabled through inter-layer dipole-dipole coupling induced non-radiative Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from SnSe2 underneath which acts as a scavenger of the light unabsorbed by the monolayer TMD. The design strategy exploits the near-resonance between the direct energy gap of SnSe2 and the excitonic gap of monolayer TMD, the smallest possible separation between donor and acceptor facilitated by van der Waals heterojunction, and the in-plane orientation of dipoles in these layered materials. The FRET driven uniform single- and twophoton luminescence enhancement over the entire junction area is advantageous over the local enhancement in quantum dot or plasmonic structure integrated 2D layers, and is promising for improving quantum efficiency in imaging, optoelectronic, and photonic applications

Evaluation of mobilization in operated case of fracture tibia

Background: In spite of all the advances optimal method of treatment, fractures of the tibia still pose a challenge to the orthopaedic surgeons and thus the management of the fractured tibia requires the widest experience, the greatest wisdom, and the nicest of the clinical judgement in order to choose the most appropriate treatment for particular pattern of injury. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the role of mobilization efficacy and results of nailing and plating compression in management of tibial fractures and its VAS scoring.Methods: This is a prospective study of fractures tibia in 150 cases aged from 18-60 years, out of which 109 (72.6%) were males. The left side was involved in 85(56.6%) patients and RTA was the major cause of the tibial fractures 98 (65.3%). Among the patients full weight bearing time was early (<3 weeks) with 90 (60%) and 60 (40%) patients within delay (>3 weeks) of surgery.Results: VAS score was significant better in early (<3 weeks) mobilization and in nailing treatment of tibial fractures in first month (7.8±074 and 7.6±0.81) and (2.1±0.8 and 1.8±0.65) at the final follow-up. Vas score correlation was significant with process and mobilization.Conclusions: We here conclude from our study that interlocking nailing appears to be promising method of treatment of unstable tibia fractures in adults without any external splintage after adequate stabilization and early weight bearing leading to excellent functional results in most of cases

Plasma Generator for Testing Vacuum Integrity of Evacuated Vials

This paper presents the Experimental Study of Plasma Generation which is used for ensuring quality of Evacuated Vials (Vacuum vials), using an electronic circuitry making it safe and much more economically feasible. Evacuated vials are widely used in Pharmaceutical Industries. Reliable test of the batches of Evacuated Vial must be done before dispatching these for the use of customer. There can be problems involved in checking of these vials, as the conventional devices are either unsafe or expensive. There are numerous methods for Generation of Plasma, among which our experimental study is based on RF Corona Discharge method for achieving Experimental Output. In this demonstration evacuated vials have being exposed to high frequency high voltage which creates a large Electric Field. Due to this field electron-positron pairs are produced in vacuum thus making it electrically conductive. Due to phenomenon of Corona Discharge a Violet Spark is observed in the vial, this violet spark is only the plasma. This demonstration can be used to confirm presence of sufficient amount of vacuum in the vial

Validation of a noninvasive aMMP-8 point-of-care diagnostic methodology in COVID-19 patients with periodontal disease

Objectives: The aim of this study was to validate an active matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-8) point-of-care diagnostic tool in COVID-19 patients with periodontal disease. Subjects, Materials, and Methods: Seventy-two COVID-19-positive and 30 COVID-19-negative subjects were enrolled in the study. Demographic data were recorded, periodontal examination carried out, and chairside tests run for evaluating the expression of active MMP-8 (aMMP-8) in the site with maximum periodontal breakdown via gingival crevicular fluid sampling as well as via a mouth rinse-based kit for general disease activity. In COVID-19-positive patients, the kits were run again once the patients turned COVID-19 negative. Results: The overall (n = 102) sensitivity/specificity of the mouthrinse-based kits to detect periodontal disease was 79.41%136.76% and that of site-specific kits was 64.71%/55.88% while adjusting for age, gender, and smoking status increased the sensitivity and specificity (82.35%/76.47% and 73.53%/88.24, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for the adjusted model revealed very good area under the ROC curve 0.746-0.869 (p < .001) and 0.740-0.872 (p < .001) (the aMMP-8 mouth rinse and site-specific kits, respectively). No statistically significant difference was observed in the distribution of results of aMMP-8 mouth rinse test (p = .302) and aMMP-8 site-specific test (p = .189) once the subjects recovered from COVID-19. Conclusions: The findings of the present study support the aMMP-8 point-of-care testing (PoCT) kits as screening tools for periodontitis in COVID-19 patients. The overall screening accuracy can be further increased by utilizing adjunctively risk factors of periodontitis. The reported noninvasive, user-friendly, and objective PoCT diagnostic methodology may provide a way of stratifying risk groups, deciding upon referrals, and in the institution of diligent oral hygiene regimens.Peer reviewe

Impact of “Sambhav” Program (Financial Assistance and Counselor Services) on Hepatitis C Pegylated Interferon Alpha Treatment Initiation in India

Abstract Background: Financial constraints, social taboos and beliefs in alternative medicine are common reasons for delaying or not considering treatment for hepatitis C in India. The present study was planned to analyze the impact of non-banking interest free loan facility in patients affected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in North India. Methods: This one year observational, retrospective study was conducted in Department of Gastroenterology (January 2012-December 2013), Dayanand Medical College and Hospital Ludhiana, to evaluate the impact of program titled “Sambhav” (which provided non-banking financial assistance and counselor services) on treatment initiation and therapeutic compliance in HCV patients. Data of fully evaluated patients with chronic hepatitis, and/or cirrhosis due to HCV infection who were treated with Peginterferon alfa and ribavirin (RBV) combination during this duration (2012- 2013) was collected from patient medical records and analyzed. In the year 2012, eligible patients who were offered antiviral treatment paid for treatment themselves, while in 2013, ‘Sambhav’ program was launched and this provided interest free financing by non-banking financial company (NBFC) for the treatment of HCV in addition to free counselor services for disease management. The treatment initiation and compliance rates were compared between the patients (n = 585) enrolled in 2013 who were offered ‘Sambhav’ assistance and those enrolled in 2012 (n = 628) when ‘Sambhav’ was not available. Results: Introduction of Sambhav program improved the rates of treatment initiation (59% in 2013 vs. 51% in 2012, P=.004). Of the 585 eligible patients offered ‘Sambhav’ assistance in 2013, 233 patients (39.8%) applied but 106/233 (45.4%) received assistance. Antiviral therapy was started in 93/106 (87.7%) of these patients, while only 52 (42.5%) of 127 patients whose applications were rejected underwent treatment. Compliance to antiviral therapy also improved with the introduction of ‘Sambhav’ program (87.7% vs. 74.1%, P=.001). Conclusion: ‘Sambhav’ program had significant impact on the initiation of antiviral therapy by overcoming the financial hurdles. The free counselor services helped to mitigate social taboos and imparted adequate awareness about the disease to the patients. Initiatives like ‘Sambhav’ can be utilized for improving healthcare services in developing countries, especially for chronic diseases

Use of thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease : an update

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), once considered a disease of the Western hemisphere, has emerged as a global disease. As the disease prevalence is on a steady rise, management of IBD has come under the spotlight. 5-Aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents and biologics are the backbone of treatment of IBD. With the advent of biologics and small molecules, the need for surgery and hospitalization has decreased. However, economic viability and acceptability is an important determinant of local prescription patterns. Nearly one-third of the patients in West receive biologics as the first/initial therapy. The scenario is different in developing countries where biologics are used only in a small proportion of patients with IBD. Increased risk of reactivation of tuberculosis and high cost of the therapy are limitations to their use. Thiopurines hence become critical for optimal management of patients with IBD in these regions. However, approximately one-third of patients are intolerant or develop adverse effects with their use. This has led to suboptimal use of thiopurines in clinical practice. This review article discusses the clinical aspects of thiopurine use in patients with IBD with the aim of optimizing their use to full therapeutic potential.Peer reviewe