Eocene (Stronsay Group) post-rift stratigraphy of the Faroe-Shetland region

A preliminary stratigraphic framework for the post-rift Eocene Stronsay Group succession in the Faroe–Shetland region has been constructed, which incorporates lithological information from over fifty wells, boreholes and dredge sites, biostratigraphic data provided by Ichron Limited, and seismic stratigraphy. A stratigraphic-range chart was compiled using released UK and Faroese commercial well data, together with BGS and other public domain information. This chart details the chronological range, general lithology and correlation of the post-rift Eocene record for each commercial well, BGS borehole and other data point, e.g. DSDP site. This dataset was used to construct a set of timeslice maps utilising the Ichron Limited T-sequence biozonation scheme, which were used to interpret the spatial and temporal variation of Eocene post-rift sedimentation across the region. Seismic profiles further provided an insight into the large-scale stratigraphic architecture of the Stronsay Group which, in combination with the geological database, provides a context for several regional unconformities and other significant surfaces identified in the study. On the basis of our provisional assessment of the Stronsay Group in the Faroe–Shetland region we have retained the use of the Horda Formation as the main lithostratigraphic unit, as this shelfmargin to basinal unit – defined originally in the North Sea – is consistent with the character of the Eocene succession that we observe preserved offshore NW Britain. Nonetheless, informal subdivision of the Horda Formation is proposed that reflects several discrete phases of sedimentary input into the Faroe-Shetland Basin. Four unconformity-bounded depositional packages have been tentatively identified, and provisionally assigned ages of Ypresian–early Lutetian (phase 1), Lutetian–early Bartonian (phase 2), Bartonian–Priabonian (phase 3), and late Priabonian (phase 4). The phase 1 and 2 depositional packages are separated by the Mid-Eocene (T2d) unconformity which reflects subaerial exposure and channel incision up to 200 m deep during its formation in the Lutetian. The early Bartonian Base-slope-apron (T2c) unconformity separates the phase 2 and 3 depositional packages, and is similarly erosive along the southern and eastern basin margin. Seismic-stratigraphic evidence suggests that synsedimentary deformation may have been active during depositional phases 1 and 2, including growth and uplift of the Munkagrunnur Ridge, and the Judd and Westray anticlines, as well as uplift of the Flett High. The phase 3 depositional package marks a large-scale progradation of the West Shetland margin, which may reflect uplift and rejuvenation of the hinterland. The phase 3 and 4 depositional packages are separated by the Base-marginal-fan (T2b) reflector, which may be a consequence of renewed uplift of the margin and/or further growth of the inversion anticlines during the Priabonian. This stratigraphic framework provides new insights into the early post-rift tectonic and sedimentary history of the Faroe–Shetland region, identifying a sequence of unconformitybounded units. Comparison with the wider NE Atlantic region indicates broad coincidence between the timing of formation of the unconformities in the Faroe–Shetland region and plate reorganisation events in the adjacent Norway Basin; as well as orogenic and related compressional deformation in western Europe. This raises the possibility that plate boundary forcing may be a key mechanism in passive margin development. It is hoped that this framework will form a useful foundation for future studies of the tectonostratigraphic development of the Faroe–Shetland region

Cenozoic pre- and post-breakup compression in the Faroe-Shetland area, within the context of the NE Atlantic

This report is primarily based upon the interpretation of oil industry 2D seismic data, and aims to elucidate aspects of Cenozoic tectonostratigraphic development in the Faroe–Shetland region, especially with regard to post-breakup compression. Evidence of Cenozoic and Late Cretaceous pre-breakup compression and deformation is briefly reviewed. We have utilised established seismo-stratigraphic frameworks and a recently updated scheme for the post-breakup Eocene (Stronsay Group) succession, which are largely based upon the recognition of units bounded by regional unconformities. The seismic expression, extent and thickness of the seismo-stratigraphic units are illustrated by geoseismic profiles, structure contour maps and isochore maps, which are used to analyse the spatial and temporal development of post-breakup compression and deformation within the Faroe-Shetland region. The Faroe-Shetland region records a complex spatial and temporal pattern of departures from the thermal subsidence normally associated with passive margins, including broad uplifts and accelerated basinal subsidence together with fold development up to kilometre scale. The phases of latest Eocene / earliest Oligocene ‘sagging’ (accelerated subsidence) and early Pliocene uplift and exhumation (tilting) appear to be coeval with compression. Indeed, compression appears to have been active throughout post-breakup times, although the loci of deformation have varied both spatially and temporally. Conceivably, some of the large scale sagging, tilting and uplift may be associated with lithospheric folding. Much of the intra-Eocene folding appears to be focused in the southwestern part of the Faroe-Shetland region, around the Munkagrunnur Ridge and Judd area, where phases of shelf progradation are preserved and may be associated with contemporaneous uplift. However, there also appears to be evidence of episodic intra-Eocene and younger uplift in the area around the northern Fugloy Ridge. The overall shaping of the Faroe-Shetland Channel appears to have been initiated at the end of the Eocene, associated with uplift on the Fugloy Ridge and Faroe Platform areas, and with accelerated subsidence in the Faroe-Shetland Basin; this shaping was further developed during the Neogene. A Neogene opening of the ‘Faroe Conduit’ oceanic gateway is favoured on the basis of regional evidence of faunal isolation and restricted environment of deposition together with uncertainty regarding the nature of the ‘Southeast Faroes drift’. A significant phase of Miocene folding is associated with the Intra-Miocene Unconformity (IMU), whereas the Mid Miocene Unconformity (MMU) represents a relatively minor break with a restricted distribution in the NE Faroe-Shetland region. Seabed relief on some folds and late Neogene seismic onlaps may indicate that fold development persisted into Recent times. Lateral offsets and local basin inversion associated with the folding, suggest a strong structural inheritance from the underlying rift architecture. A broad coincidence between the timing of formation of the unconformities and plate reorganisation events in the adjacent Norway Basin and wider region may suggest that these events made important contributions to the forces shaping the margin. The development of Miocene and younger folds may have been influenced by gravitational potential energy / body forces associated with the density structure of the Iceland Insular Margin and the Southern Scandes, or with modulations to ridge-push resulting from transient changes in ridge elevation associated with plume-related temperature (buoyancy) variations in the underlying asthenosphere. Far field stresses associated with, for example, collision between Eurasia and Iberia may also have exerted significant influence on deformation within the Faroe-Shetland region

Stratified Abstraction of Access Control Policies

The shift to cloud-based APIs has made application security critically depend on understanding and reasoning about policies that regulate access to cloud resources. We present stratified predicate abstraction, a new approach that summarizes complex security policies into a compact set of positive and declarative statements that precisely state who has access to a resource. We have implemented stratified abstraction and deployed it as the engine powering AWS’s IAM Access Analyzer service, and hence, demonstrate how formal methods and SMT can be used for security policy explanation

What works for whom in the management of diabetes in people living with dementia: a realist review

Background Dementia and diabetes mellitus are common long-term conditions and co-exist in a large number of older people. People living with dementia (PLWD) may be less able to manage their diabetes, putting them at increased risk of complications such as hypoglycaemia. The aim of this review was to identify key mechanisms within different interventions that are likely to improve diabetes outcomes in PLWD. Methods This is a realist review involving scoping of the literature and stakeholder interviews to develop theoretical explanations of how interventions might work, systematic searches of the evidence to test and develop the theories and their validation with a purposive sample of stakeholders. Twenty-six stakeholders — user/patient representatives, dementia care providers, clinicians specialising in diabetes or dementia and researchers — took part in interviews, and 24 participated in a consensus conference. Results We included 89 papers. Ten focused on PLWD and diabetes, and the remainder related to people with either dementia, diabetes or other long-term conditions. We identified six context-mechanism-outcome configurations which provide an explanatory account of how interventions might work to improve the management of diabetes in PLWD. This includes embedding positive attitudes towards PLWD, person-centred approaches to care planning, developing skills to provide tailored and flexible care, regular contact, family engagement and usability of assistive devices. An overarching contingency emerged concerning the synergy between an intervention strategy, the dementia trajectory and social and environmental factors, especially family involvement. Conclusions Evidence highlighted the need for personalised care, continuity and family-centred approaches, although there was limited evidence that this happens routinely. This review suggests there is a need for a flexible service model that prioritises quality of life, independence and patient and carer priorities. Future research on the management of diabetes in older people with complex health needs, including those with dementia, needs to look at how organisational structures and workforce development can be better aligned to their needs. Trial registration PROSPERO, CRD42015020625. Registered on 18 May 2015

Transcriptomic analysis of the late stages of grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) berry ripening reveals significant induction of ethylene signaling and flavor pathways in the skin

Background: Grapevine berry, a nonclimacteric fruit, has three developmental stages; the last one is when berrycolor and sugar increase. Flavors derived from terpenoid and fatty acid metabolism develop at the very end of thisripening stage. The transcriptomic response of pulp and skin of Cabernet Sauvignon berries in the late stages ofripening between 22 and 37 \ub0Brix was assessed using whole-genome micorarrays.Results: The transcript abundance of approximately 18,000 genes changed with \ub0Brix and tissue type. There were alarge number of changes in many gene ontology (GO) categories involving metabolism, signaling and abioticstress. GO categories reflecting tissue differences were overrepresented in photosynthesis, isoprenoid metabolismand pigment biosynthesis. Detailed analysis of the interaction of the skin and pulp with \ub0Brix revealed that therewere statistically significantly higher abundances of transcripts changing with \ub0Brix in the skin that were involved inethylene signaling, isoprenoid and fatty acid metabolism. Many transcripts were peaking around known optimalfruit stages for flavor production. The transcript abundance of approximately two-thirds of the AP2/ERF superfamilyof transcription factors changed during these developmental stages. The transcript abundance of a unique clade ofERF6-type transcription factors had the largest changes in the skin and clustered with genes involved in ethylene,senescence, and fruit flavor production including ACC oxidase, terpene synthases, and lipoxygenases. The transcriptabundance of important transcription factors involved in fruit ripening was also higher in the skin.Conclusions: A detailed analysis of the transcriptome dynamics during late stages of ripening of grapevine berriesrevealed that these berries went through massive transcriptional changes in gene ontology categories involvingchemical signaling and metabolism in both the pulp and skin, particularly in the skin. Changes in the transcriptabundance of genes involved in the ethylene signaling pathway of this nonclimacteric fruit were statisticallysignificant in the late stages of ripening when the production of transcripts for important flavor and aroma compoundswere at their highest. Ethylene transcription factors known to play a role in leaf senescence also appear to play a role infruit senescence. Ethylene may play a bigger role than previously thought in this non-climacteric fruit

OpenAIRE: OpenEdition contents are compatible with H2020

OpenAIRE (Open Access Infrastructure for Research in Europe) is a project that aims to make Open Access to scholarly information a reality across Europe. In practice, this means implementing solutions that enable researchers to comply with the obligation to deposit their research results in an Open Access repository, as stipulated by the European Commission in 2012. OpenAIRE acts as both a coordinator of European Open Access actors and an aggregator of deposited articles. Since September 2015..

Joint Inversion of marine MT, Gravity and Seismic Data.

Exploration of sub-basalt targets is difficult because the basalt units reflect and scatter seismic energy, masking the characteristics of the underlying structure. Electromagnetic soundings are less sensitive to the highly resistive basalt units but are strongly influenced by the characteristics of the over and underlying sedimentary structures. So electromagnetic soundings are a valuable compliment to seismic surveys in such areas. We have developed a joint interpretation scheme and inversion algorithm of seismic, MT (magneto-telluric) and gravity data that combines the information content in these data. While each method in itself is able to resolve only a part of the subsurface, we demonstrate that our joint inversion/interpretation technique allows us to identify the base of the basalt and yields information about the underlying sediment. Using synthetic data we demonstrate how the various data types contribute to our inversion/interpretation technique, and show how we recover the sub-basalt structure. We then apply this combined scheme on marine MT, satellite gravity and long-offset seismic data acquired along FLARE-10 profile. This work has been conducted under the EU funded SIMBA project and the FLARE-10 seismic data were made available to us by Amerada Hess

Targeting “hardly reached” people with chronic illness: a feasibility study of a person-centered self-management education approach

Annemarie Reinhardt Varming,1 Rikke Torenholt,1 Tue Helms Andersen,2 Birgitte Lund Møller,3 Ingrid Willaing1 1Diabetes Management Research, Health Promotion, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, The Capital Region of Denmark, 2Danish Diabetes Association, 3Department of Intersectoral Collaboration, Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark Background: Self-management education is critical to the development of successful health behavior changes related to chronic illness. However, people in high-risk groups attend less frequently or benefit less from patient education programs than do people with more socioeconomic advantages.Aim: The aim was to test the feasibility of a participatory person-centered education approach and tool-kit targeting self-management of chronic illness in hardly reached people.Methods: After participating in a training program, educators (n=77) tested the approach in practice. Data collection included online questionnaires for educators (n=65), observations of education sessions (n=7), and interviews with educators (n=11) and participants (n=22). Descriptive statistics were calculated. Transcripts of interviews and observations were analyzed using systematic text condensation. Feasibility was examined in terms of practicality, integration, suitability, and efficacy.Results: Educators had a positive response to the approach and found that the tools supported involving participants in education and support. Participant satisfaction varied, depending on the ability of educators to integrate the tools into programs in a meaningful way. The tools provided time for reflection in the education process that benefited participants and educators alike. Educators found it challenging to allow participants to help set the agenda and to exchange experiences without educator control. Barriers to use reported by educators included lack of time for both training and preparation.Limitations: The testing included varied groups of participants, some groups included members of hardly reached populations and others did not. Also, some tools were only tried in practice by a few educators.Conclusion: The approach was feasible in terms of practicality, integration, acceptability, and efficacy and perceived by educators as suitable for both hardly reached participants and those who are less disadvantaged. Implementation of the approach requires time for training and preparation. Keywords: health care educators, professional development, skills, vulnerable patients, support, participatory, dialogue tools, tool ki