Entrepreneurship and Sustainability as Key Elements for Innovation: A Brazilian Dilemma

Considering the socio-economic reality of Brazil and from the relevance of the issues related to entrepreneurship and organizational innovation in the country, the importance of sustainability for the organizations could become a solution for the integration of entrepreneurship with innovation. The objective of this research is to highlight the relevance of sustainability for organizations as a way to trigger the integration of entrepreneurship toward innovation in the Brazilian context. Various exploratory and descriptive researches on the dynamics of entrepreneurship, innovation and sustainability in the main organizations of the Serra Gaúcha (RS), Brazil were carried out through the Multidisciplinary Research Group on Innovation and Competitiveness, in partnership with a research Nucleus on Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Sustainability. The main results indicate that the key sectors of this Brazilian regional economy present less “innovation intensity,” which are mainly characterized by internal organizational activities of innovation, preventing them to become “regional systems of innovation,” and which presupposes the lack of sustainability. Those limitations can be characterized as “innovation ghettos.” In that logic, the researchers have also demonstrated the presence of “ghettos of sustainability, ghettos of innovation, and therefore, ghettos of sustainability and innovation” in the sectors of this Brazilian regional economy, but in differentiated and restricted perspective

Narcissism and the strategic pursuit of short-term mating : universal links across 11 world regions of the International Sexuality Description Project-2.

Previous studies have documented links between sub-clinical narcissism and the active pursuit of short-term mating strategies (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality, marital infidelity, mate poaching). Nearly all of these investigations have relied solely on samples from Western cultures. In the current study, responses from a cross-cultural survey of 30,470 people across 53 nations spanning 11 world regions (North America, Central/South America, Northern Europe, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, Southeast Asia, and East Asia) were used to evaluate whether narcissism (as measured by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory; NPI) was universally associated with short-term mating. Results revealed narcissism scores (including two broad factors and seven traditional facets as measured by the NPI) were functionally equivalent across cultures, reliably associating with key sexual outcomes (e.g., more active pursuit of short-term mating, intimate partner violence, and sexual aggression) and sex-related personality traits (e.g., higher extraversion and openness to experience). Whereas some features of personality (e.g., subjective well-being) were universally associated with socially adaptive facets of Narcissism (e.g., self-sufficiency), most indicators of short-term mating (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality and marital infidelity) were universally associated with the socially maladaptive facets of narcissism (e.g., exploitativeness). Discussion addresses limitations of these cross-culturally universal findings and presents suggestions for future research into revealing the precise psychological features of narcissism that facilitate the strategic pursuit of short-term mating

Narcisismo y búsqueda estratégica del emparejamiento a corto plazo a través de las culturas: Enlaces omnipresentes a través de 11 regiones mundiales del Proyecto de la descripción de la sexualidad internacional 2

Previous studies have documented links between sub-clinical narcissism and the active pursuit of short-term mating strategies (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality, marital infidelity, mate poaching). Nearly all of these investigations have relied solely on samples from Western cultures. In the current study, responses from a cross-cultural survey of 30,470 people across 53 nations spanning 11 world regions (North America, Central/South America, Northern Europe, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, Southeast Asia, and East Asia) were used to evaluate whether narcissism (as measured by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory; NPI) was universally associated with short-term mating. Results revealed narcissism scores (including two broad factors and seven traditional facets as measured by the NPI) were functionally equivalent across cultures, reliably associating with key sexual outcomes (e.g., more active pursuit of short-term mating, intimate partner violence, and sexual aggression) and sex-related personality traits (e.g., higher extraversion and openness to experience). Whereas some features of personality (e.g., subjective well-being) were universally associated with socially adaptive facets of Narcissism (e.g., self-sufficiency), most indicators of short-term mating (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality and marital infidelity) were universally associated with the socially maladaptive facets of narcissism (e.g., exploitativeness). Discussion addresses limitations of these cross-culturally universal findings and presents suggestions for future research into revealing the precise psychological features of narcissism that facilitate the strategic pursuit of short-term mating.Estudios previos, en primer lugar a través de las muestras de culturas occidentales, han documentado asociaciones sistemáticas del narcisismo subclínico con múltiples indicadores de estrategias del emparejamiento a corto plazo (p. ej. sociosexualidad ilimitada, infidelidad, caza de pareja). En este estudio se han usado respuestas de la encuesta transcultural de 30.470 personas de 53 naciones de 11 regiones mundiales (América del Norte, América del Sur/América Central, Europa del Norte, Europa del Oeste, Europa del Este, Europa del Sur, Oriente Próximo, África, Asia del Sur/Sudoeste de Asia, Asia del Este y Oceanía) para evaluar si el narcisismo (medido por el Inventario de Personalidad Narcisista; NPI) se asocia panuniversalmente con los indicadores del emparejamiento a corto plazo, tanto en la dirección, como en la intensidad. Los resultados sugieren que el narcisismo (incluidos muchos aspectos suyos medidos por el NPI) tiene las mismas asociaciones básicas con los rasgos de personalidad relacionados con el sexo (p. ej. extraversión alta) y con los resultados sexuales claves (p. ej. búsqueda más activa de las estrategias del emparejamiento a corto plazo) a través de las 11 mayores regiones mundiales del PDSI 2. La discusión se enfoca en las implicaciones y limitaciones del estudio actual

Dinâmica dos fatores de mortalidade de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em milho com e sem liberação de Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae)

O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar a dinâmica dos fatores de mortalidade de ovos e larvas (1o e 2o ínstares) de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), e avaliar o impacto de liberações de Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) na supressão da população dessa praga. Tabelas de vida ecológicas para ovos e larvas (1o e 2o ínstares) de S. frugiperda foram construídas em agroecossistema de milho, com e sem liberações inundativas do parasitoide, nas safras úmidas e secas de 2010 e 2011. A mortalidade total de ovos variou entre 73 e 81%. Os maiores valores de mortalidades marginal e insubstituível, nas áreas com e sem liberações, foram causadas por inviabilidade e deslocamento nas safras úmidas e por inviabilidade e predação nas safras secas. Parasitoides não causaram mortalidade significativa nas populações de ovos e larvas e as liberações de T. remus não aumentaram a mortalidade de ovos. Mais de 95% das larvas morreram devido à predação, deslocamento pela chuva ou ballooning e a mortalidade total causada por esses fatores foi amplamente insubstituível. Quando as mortalidades de ovos e larvas foram analisadas conjuntamente, a mortalidade de larvas substituiu quase que completamente a mortalidade de ovos. Os resultados indicaram que maiores reduções nas populações de S. frugiperda podem ser conseguidas aumentando-se a mortalidade dos ínstares iniciais do estágio larvalThe aim of this study was to characterize the dynamics of mortality factors affecting initial immature developmental stages (eggs and 1st. and 2nd. instar larvae) of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and assess the impact of Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) releases on pest population suppression. Life tables for egg and early larval stages of S. frugiperda were developed in maize fields with and without augmentative parasitoid releases, in the wet and dry seasons of 2010 and 2011. Total egg mortality did not vary considerably among years and ranged from 73 to 81%. The highest egg marginal mortality and irreplaceable mortality in both release and non-release fields was due to inviability and dislodgement in wet seasons and inviability and predation in dry seasons. Parasitoids did not cause significant mortality in egg or early larval stages and the releases of T. remus did not increase egg mortality. A large percentage of early larvae (> 95%) died from predation, dislodgment by rainfall or ballooning and total mortality due to these factors was largely irreplaceable. When considering egg and larval mortality together, early larval mortality would almost completely replace egg mortality if the egg mortality factors were removed. Results indicate that a greater effect in reducing generational survival may be achieved by adding mortality to the early larval stage of S. frugiperdaConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Maize-Dwelling insects omnivory in Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) egg masses

This work reports the first record of omnivory behavior of Diabrotica speciosa (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae), Leptoglossus zonatus (Hemiptera, Coreidae), Monocrepidius aff. posticus and Monocrepidius fuscofasciatus (Coleoptera, Elateridae) on fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) egg masses in maize fields. Macrophotography was used to record the activity of these insects on fall armyworm sentinel egg masses during 2009 and 2010 maize growing seasons. The presence of omnivorous insects changes the species population dynamics within the ecosystem. Therefore, the implications of these interactions should be understood and taken into consideration for integrated pest management enhancement.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Weather conditions during six maize growing seasons in Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.

<p>Weather conditions during six maize growing seasons in Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.</p

Multiple decrement life table and percentage irreplaceable mortality for early larval stage of FAW in maize fields.

<p>aq_x—the probability of dying in stage x in the presence of all causes; al_x—the fraction of the cohort living at the beginning of the stage; IM—percent of irreplaceable mortality. Numbers in parentheses are the percentages of mortality in the presence of other factors.</p><p>Multiple decrement life table and percentage irreplaceable mortality for early larval stage of FAW in maize fields.</p

Total percentage mortality and irreplaceable mortality by year and seasons when considering egg and larval mortality together in maize fields without and with <i>Telenomus remus</i> releases.

<p>Total percentage mortality and irreplaceable mortality by year and seasons when considering egg and larval mortality together in maize fields without and with <i>Telenomus remus</i> releases.</p

Multiple decrement life table for egg stage of FAW in maize fields with and without <i>Telenomus remus</i> releases.

<p>aq_x—the probability of dying in stage x in the presence of all causes; al_x—the fraction of the cohort living at the beginning of the stage; aq_ix—the probability of dying in stage x in the presence of cause i (1: predation, 2: parasitism, 3: dislodgement, 4: inviability, 5: desiccation, and 6: unknown).</p><p>Multiple decrement life table for egg stage of FAW in maize fields with and without <i>Telenomus remus</i> releases.</p

Mortality Dynamics of <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Immatures in Maize

<div><p>We characterized the dynamics of mortality factors affecting immature developmental stages of the fall armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Multiple decrement life tables for egg and early larval stages of <i>S</i>. <i>frugiperda</i> in maize (<i>Zea mays </i>L.) fields were developed with and without augmentative releases of <i>Telenomus remus</i> Nixon (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) from 2009 to 2011. Total egg mortality ranged from 73 to 81% and the greatest egg mortality was due to inviability, dislodgement, and predation. Parasitoids did not cause significant mortality in egg or early larval stages and the releases of <i>T</i>. <i>remus </i>did not increase egg mortality. Greater than 95% of early larvae died from predation, drowning, and dislodgment by rainfall. Total mortality due to these factors was largely irreplaceable. Results indicate that a greater effect in reducing generational survival may be achieved by adding mortality to the early larval stage of <i>S</i>. <i>frugiperda</i>.</p></div