Biological well-being during the “economic miracle” in Spain: Height, weight and body mass index of conscripts in the city of Madrid, 1955–1974

Typifying historical populations using anthropometric indicators such as height, BMI and weight allows for an analysis of the prevalence of obesity and malnutrition. This study evaluates secular changes in height, weight and body mass for men cohorts at 21 years old, born between 1934 and 1954 who were called up between 1955 and 1974, in the city of Madrid, Spain. In this study we prove the hypothesis that anthropometric variables increase thanks to improvement in diet and significant investments in hygiene and health infrastructure during the 1960s. The results of our analysis show a positive secular change in the trends for height (an increase of 4.67 cm), weight (6.400 kg) and BMI (0.90 Kg/m2 ), the result of a recovery in standards of living following the war and the autarchy of the 1940s. We also observed a slight trend towards obesity and a reduction in underweight categories at the end of the period is also observed. In conclusion, the secular trends of anthropometric variables in the city of Madrid reflect the recovery of living standards after the deterioration of the nutritional status suffered during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) and the deprivation of the autarchic perio

Hourly Patterns of Births at Casa de Maternidad in Madrid (1887-1914)

27 p.El grupo de primates al que pertenece nuestra especie muestra mayoritariamente un ciclo de actividad diurno, de tal manera que los partos se inician de noche y se completan de madrugada o en las primeras horas de la mañana. La preservación de un parto nocturno debió de ser muy importante para la supervivencia de nuestros ancestros a partir de Homo erectus, hace 1,8 millones de años, dado que la intensa cerebralización fetal que protagonizó esta especie complicó paulatinamente el parto al combinarse con una pelvis más estrecha, consecuen-cia de la adopción del bipedalismo millones de años atrás. Los estudios más antiguos sobre el patrón horario del parto se limitan a datos hospitalarios de las décadas de 1930 y 1940, antes de la medicalización extensiva del parto institucionalizado, y describen un patrón predominantemente nocturno. En el presente trabajo se analiza la distri-bución horaria del parto en dos series muy anteriores, de finales del siglo XIX y primera década del XX, un total de 21 340 nacimientos en 27 años. Corresponden a la Casa de Maternidad de Madrid, una institución benéfica inicial-mente vinculada a la Inclusa de la capital, pero que fue paulatinamente convirtiéndose, a lo largo de la primera mitad del siglo XX, en la principal maternidad de la ciudad. Los resultados confirman la preservación de un patrón circadiano del parto ancestral, de inicio predominantemente nocturno y finalización en la madrugada y primeras horas de la mañanaThe group of primates to which our species belongs is generally active during the daytime, so deliveries start during the night and conclude in the early hours of the morning. Preserving a night-time delivery must have been very important for the survival of our ancestors from Homo erectus, 1.8 million years ago, onwards, as the intense foetal encephalization experienced by this species gradually complicated delivery, as it combined with a narrower pelvis, a consequence of bipedalism, adopted millions of years before. The oldest research into delivery time patterns is limited to hospital records from the 1930s and 1940s, before extensive medicalisation of delivery became institutionalised, and it describes a generally nocturnal pattern. The present study analyses time patterns of deliveries in two much earlier populations, from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a total of 21,340 births in 27 years. They correspond to the Casa de la Maternidad, a charity institution initially linked to the foundling hospital in the capital, but which gradually became —during the first half of the 20th century— the main maternity hospital in the city. The results confirm the preservation of an ancestral circadian pattern of delivery, predominantly nocturnal and in the early hours of the morningAustrian Science Fund (FWF

Real-world effectiveness of caplacizumab vs the standard of care in immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a thrombotic microangiopathy caused by anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies. Caplacizumab is approved for adults with an acute episode of iTTP in conjunction with plasma exchange (PEX) and immunosuppression. The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the safety and efficacy of caplacizumab vs the standard of care and assess the effect of the concomitant use of rituximab. A retrospective study from the Spanish TTP Registry of patients treated with caplacizumab vs those who did not receive it was conducted. A total of 155 patients with iTTP (77 caplacizumab, 78 no caplacizumab) were included. Patients initially treated with caplacizumab had fewer exacerbations (4.5% vs 20.5%; P <.05) and less refractoriness (4.5% vs 14.1%; P <.05) than those who were not treated. Time to clinical response was shorter when caplacizumab was used as initial treatment vs caplacizumab used after refractoriness or exacerbation. The multivariate analysis showed that its use in the first 3 days after PEX was associated with a lower number of PEX (odds ratio, 7.5; CI, 2.3-12.7; P <.05) and days of hospitalization (odds ratio, 11.2; CI, 5.6-16.9; P <.001) compared with standard therapy. There was no difference in time to clinical remission in patients treated with caplacizumab compared with the use of rituximab. No severe adverse event was described in the caplacizumab group. In summary, caplacizumab reduced exacerbations and refractoriness compared with standard of care regimens. When administered within the first 3 days after PEX, it also provided a faster clinical response, reducing hospitalization time and the need for PEX

Real-world effectiveness of caplacizumab vs the standard of care in immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a thrombotic microangiopathy caused by anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies. Caplacizumab is approved for adults with an acute episode of iTTP in conjunction with plasma exchange (PEX) and immunosuppression. The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the safety and efficacy of caplacizumab vs the standard of care and assess the effect of the concomitant use of rituximab. A retrospective study from the Spanish TTP Registry of patients treated with caplacizumab vs those who did not receive it was conducted. A total of 155 patients with iTTP (77 caplacizumab, 78 no caplacizumab) were included. Patients initially treated with caplacizumab had fewer exacerbations (4.5% vs 20.5%; P < .05) and less refractoriness (4.5% vs 14.1%; P < .05) than those who were not treated. Time to clinical response was shorter when caplacizumab was used as initial treatment vs caplacizumab used after refractoriness or exacerbation. The multivariate analysis showed that its use in the first 3 days after PEX was associated with a lower number of PEX (odds ratio, 7.5; CI, 2.3-12.7; P < .05) and days of hospitalization (odds ratio, 11.2; CI, 5.6-16.9; P < .001) compared with standard therapy. There was no difference in time to clinical remission in patients treated with caplacizumab compared with the use of rituximab. No severe adverse event was described in the caplacizumab group. In summary, caplacizumab reduced exacerbations and refractoriness compared with standard of care regimens. When administered within the first 3 days after PEX, it also provided a faster clinical response, reducing hospitalization time and the need for PEX

Marco activo de recursos de innovación docente: Madrid

Una guía de espacios e instituciones para actividades educativas complementarias en enseñanza secundaria y Formación Profesional

Fractionated initial infusion and booster dose of ARI0002h, a humanised, BCMA-directed CAR T-cell therapy, for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (CARTBCMA-HCB-01): a single-arm, multicentre, academic pilot study

[Background]: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a promising option for patients with heavily treated multiple myeloma. Point-of-care manufacturing can increase the availability of these treatments worldwide. We aimed to assess the safety and activity of ARI0002h, a BCMA-targeted CAR T-cell therapy developed by academia, in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.[Methods]: CARTBCMA-HCB-01 is a single-arm, multicentre study done in five academic centres in Spain. Eligible patients had relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma and were aged 18–75 years; with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0–2; two or more previous lines of therapy including a proteasome inhibitor, an immunomodulatory agent, and an anti-CD38 antibody; refractoriness to the last line of therapy; and measurable disease according to the International Myeloma Working Group criteria. Patients received an initial fractionated infusion of 3 × 106 CAR T cells per kg bodyweight in three aliquots (0·3, 0·9, and 1·8 × 106 CAR-positive cells per kg intravenously on days 0, 3, and 7) and a non-fractionated booster dose of up to 3 × 106 CAR T cells per kg bodyweight, at least 100 days after the first infusion. The primary endpoints were overall response rate 100 days after first infusion and the proportion of patients developing cytokine-release syndrome or neurotoxic events in the first 30 days after receiving treatment. Here, we present an interim analysis of the ongoing trial; enrolment has ended. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04309981, and EudraCT, 2019-001472-11.[Findings]: Between June 2, 2020, and Feb 24, 2021, 44 patients were assessed for eligibility, of whom 35 (80%) were enrolled. 30 (86%) of 35 patients received ARI0002h (median age 61 years [IQR 53–65], 12 [40%] were female, and 18 [60%] were male). At the planned interim analysis (cutoff date Oct 20, 2021), with a median follow-up of 12·1 months (IQR 9·1–13·5), overall response during the first 100 days from infusion was 100%, including 24 (80%) of 30 patients with a very good partial response or better (15 [50%] with complete response, nine [30%] with very good partial response, and six [20%] with partial response). Cytokine-release syndrome was observed in 24 (80%) of 30 patients (all grade 1–2). No cases of neurotoxic events were observed. Persistent grade 3–4 cytopenias were observed in 20 (67%) patients. Infections were reported in 20 (67%) patients. Three patients died: one because of progression, one because of a head injury, and one due to COVID-19.[Interpretation]: ARI0002h administered in a fractioned manner with a booster dose after 3 months can provide deep and sustained responses in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, with a low toxicity, especially in terms of neurological events, and with the possibility of a point-of-care approach.This work has been supported in part by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (cofunded by the EU), Spanish Ministry of Health (ICI19/00025, FIS PI18/00775, PI19/00669, and PI22/00647), complementary grant for CONCORD-023, RICORS-TERAV network (RD21/0017/0009 and RD21/0017/0019), Red de Terapia Celular TERCEL (RD16/0011/0005), Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), 2017SGR00792 (AGAUR; Generalitat de Catalunya), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer CIBERONC (CB16/12/00369 and CB16/12/00489), La Caixa Foundation (CP042702/LCF/PR/GN18/50310007), Asociación Española Contra el Cancer (AECC) LABAE21971FERN, and Fundació Bosch I Aymerich support. AOC received funding from the resident grant Ajut Clínic-La Pedrera 2019, granted by Hospital Clínic de Barcelona.Peer reviewe

Estudios sobre sexualidades en América Latina

El estudio de las sexualidades en nuestro continente, desde perspectivas científico-sociales, está en expansión. Es esto lo que se revela en la enorme acogida y respuesta que tuvo la convocatoria de este simposio en el Congreso Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales, 50 años de FLACSO. La magnitud de esta respuesta contrasta, sin embargo, con el escaso reconocimiento hasta ahora otorgado a este campo de estudios en el medio académico. Las sexualidades se han mantenido como un tema marginal o de segundo orden. Una preocupación menor, comparada con otros temas como la institucionalidad política o las modalidades de la gobernabilidad. Dos elementos contribuyen a conformar este paisaje en las ciencias sociales: la centralidad de lo político institucional como enfoque y temática, y los estereotipos normativos sobre el tema de las sexualidades. En primer lugar, el interés en el campo de la sexualidad se ha visto opacado por la tendencia de las ciencias sociales latinoamericanas a poner el acento de manera importante en la movilización de la clave de lo político en la comprensión de lo social, con fuerte acento en el estudio desde una perspectiva institucional. Lo anterior resulta en una relativa distancia respecto a cuestiones políticas no convencionales, así como en una cierta minimización de abordajes que se centran en problemáticas atingentes a la vida cotidiana de las persona