On the ability of perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) bioaccumulation by two Pseudomonas sp. strains isolated from PFAS‐contaminated environmental matrices

PFASs (perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are highly fluorinated, aliphatic, synthetic compounds with high thermal and chemical stability as well as unique amphiphilic properties which make them ingredients in a range of industrial processes. PFASs have attracted consideration due to their persistence, toxicity and bioaccumulation tendency in the environment. Recently, attention has begun to be addressed to shorter‐chain PFASs, such as perfluorohexane sulfonate [PFHxS], apparently less toxic to and more easily eliminated from lab animals. However, short‐chain PFASs represent end‐products from the transformation of fluorotelomers whose biotic breakdown reactions have not been identified to date. This means that such emergent pollutants will tend to accumulate and persist in ecosystems. Since we are just learning about the interaction between short‐chain PFASs and microorganisms, this study reports on the response to PFHxS of two Pseudomonas sp. strains isolated from environmental matrices contaminated by PFASs. The PFHxS bioaccumulation potential of these strains was unveiled by exploiting different physiological conditions as either axenic or mixed cultures under alkanothrofic settings. Moreover, electron microscopy revealed nonorthodox features of the bacterial cells, as a consequence of the stress caused by both organic solvents and PFHxS in the culturing substrate

On the Ability of Perfluorohexane Sulfonate (PFHxS) Bioaccumulation by Two Pseudomonas sp. Strains Isolated from PFAS-Contaminated Environmental Matrices

PFASs (perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are highly fluorinated, aliphatic, synthetic compounds with high thermal and chemical stability as well as unique amphiphilic properties which make them ingredients in a range of industrial processes. PFASs have attracted consideration due to their persistence, toxicity and bioaccumulation tendency in the environment. Recently, attention has begun to be addressed to shorter-chain PFASs, such as perfluorohexane sulfonate [PFHxS], apparently less toxic to and more easily eliminated from lab animals. However, short-chain PFASs represent end-products from the transformation of fluorotelomers whose biotic breakdown reactions have not been identified to date. This means that such emergent pollutants will tend to accumulate and persist in ecosystems. Since we are just learning about the interaction between short-chain PFASs and microorganisms, this study reports on the response to PFHxS of two Pseudomonas sp. strains isolated from environmental matrices contaminated by PFASs. The PFHxS bioaccumulation potential of these strains was unveiled by exploiting different physiological conditions as either axenic or mixed cultures under alkanothrofic settings. Moreover, electron microscopy revealed nonorthodox features of the bacterial cells, as a consequence of the stress caused by both organic solvents and PFHxS in the culturing substrate

Biodiversity of grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in the Province of Verona

PCR-based DNA microsatellite analysis has been applied to define the genetic relationships among 7 most representative grapevine cultivars grown in the province of Verona, 5 ancient grapevine and two varieties grown in different regions of Italy. For each variety three different clones or accessions were investigated to assess genotypical uniformity; in 5 cases we found out intravarietal dissimilarity. SSR data were used to create a distance matrix and then a polylogenetic tree. Results show a polygenetic relationship among some cultivated (Corvina, Rondinella, Molinara, Trebbiano di Soave-Verdicchio) and ancient (Dindarella-Pelara, Oseleta, Rossetta di montagna) varieties all grown in the Valpolicella hills, suggesting the possibility that their evolution occurred in the same area and with few common anchestors. Two situations of synonyms that had already described between Trebbiano di Soave and Verdicchio, and between Dindarella and Pelara, were confirmed by a molecular method as SSR analysis. Amplification of Trebbiano di Soave/Verdicchio locus VVMD36 yielded a fragment of 500 bp, this allele provides a fast and reliable tool to differentiate among Trebbiano grapevines.

Efeitos da substituição do soro fetal bovino (SFB) e da albumina sérica bovina (BSA) pela ovalbumina (OVA) na produção in vitro de embriões bovinos.

As biotecnologias aplicadas à reprodução animal vêm causando grandes impactos à produção animal, principalmente nas últimas duas décadas. Historicamente, o meio de cultivo contém SFB ou BSA, que são preparados e purificados a partir de produtos derivados sangUíneos e apresentam altos riscos de contaminação por patógenos, como vírus: BHV-I e BVDV (GUERIN et ai., Buli Academic Veterinarian France, v.61, po513-520, 1988), e prions: BSE (KRISHER et ai., Biology of Reproduction, v.60, p.1345-1352, 1999). De acordo com Barlian et ai. (Cell Biology Intemational, v.17, p.677-684, 1993), a OVA é um suplemento protéico não aparentado ao BSA, mas que -possui a capacidade de manter a proliferação celular. Além disso, por ser de origem heteróloga, os riscos de transmissão de doenças são menores. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos da substituição do SFB e do BSA pela OVA na PIV. Os oócitos foram maturados in vitro (MlV) em meio TCM 199 com sais de Earle, suplementado de acordo com os tratamentos: SFB (10% SFB; Crypion«», BSA (Inlab«>; 4mgimL BSA), OVA (Inlab«>; 4mg/mLOVA), e 1,0~gimL de FSH (Pluset>C, alier), 50ug/mL de hCG (Profasi«>,S erono), 1,0ug/mL de estradiol (Sigma E-2758), 0,2mM de piruvato de sódio e 83,4ugimL de amicacina, durante 24h à 38,5°C e atmosfera de 5% de CO2 em aro A fecundação in vitro (FIV) foi realizada após 24h de MIV, em meio TALP-FIV, com 0,2mM de piruvato, 83,4ugimL de amicacina e suplementado de acordo com os tratamentos: 6mgimL de BSA ou 6mgimL de OVAo Após o ténnino da incubação com os espennatozóides, os prováveis zigotos foram submetidos ao cultivo em meio SOF e suplementado de acordo com os tratamentos (SFB, BSA ou OVA), atmosfera com baixa tensão de O2 (5% de O" 5% de CO2 e 90% de NJ, umidade saturada, em câmara modular e mantida em incubadora de cultivo à 38,5C1Cd, urante 7 a 8 dias, para atingirem o estádio de blastocisto. Os tratamentos foram nomeados da seguinte maneira: a primeira letra referente à etapa de maturação, a segunda à fecundação, e a terceira ao cultivo. Para avaliação quantitativa, foram utilizados 2355 oócitos bovinos distribuídos entre sete grupos experimentais: CONT, SBS, SOS, BBB, BOB, 000 ou OBO, em cinco repetições. No total dos oócitos avaliados, 1795 (76,22%) clivaram, 646 (27,43% do total de oócitos) tomaram-se blastQcistos e 243 (10,32% do total de oócitos, ou 37,62% do total de blastocistos) eclodiram. A etapa de CIV pennitiu avaliar que os diferentes tratamentos foram semelhantes (p>0,05) quanto à taxa de clivagem. Entretanto, quanto à taxa de produção de blastocistos, o grupo 000 (26,0%) foi semelhante (p>0,05) aos grupos SOS (33,8%), BBB (35,8%), BOB (32%) e OBO (33%), mas foi inferior (p<0,05) aos grupos CONT (45%) e SBS (42,8%). Quanto à taxa de eclosão, o grupo 000 (20,4%), foi inferior (p<0,05) aos grupos CONT (46,2%), SBS (43,4%), SOS (38,4%), BBB (41,6%), e semelhante aos grupos BOB (28,2%) e OBO (25,4%). Apesar da redução na quantidade blastocistos produzidos, concluímos que é possível produzir in vitro embriões bovinos na ausência de SFB e/ou BSA

De novo transcriptome assembly of sugarcane leaves submitted to prolonged water-deficit stress.

ABSTRACT. Sugarcane production is strongly influenced by drought, which is a limiting factor for agricultural productivity in the world. In this study, the gene expression profiles obtained by de novo assembly of the leaf transcriptome of two sugarcane cultivars that differ in their physiological response to water deficit were evaluated by the RNA-Seq method: drought-tolerant cultivar (SP81-3250) and drought-sensitive cultivar (RB855453). For this purpose, plants were grown in a greenhouse for 60 days and were then submitted to three treatments: control (-0.01 to -0.015 MPa), moderate water deficit (-0.05 to -0.055 MPa), and severe water deficit (-0.075 to -0.08 MPa). The plants were evaluated 30, 60, and 90 days after the beginning of treatment. Sequencing on an Illumina platform (RNA-Seq) generated more than one billion sequences, resulting in 177,509 and 185,153 transcripts for the tolerant and sensitive cultivar, respectively. These transcripts were aligned with sequences from Saccharum spp, Sorghum bicolor, Miscanthus giganteus, and Arabidopsis thaliana available in public databases. The differentially expressed genes detected during the prolonged period of water deficit permit to increase our understanding of the molecular patterns involved in the physiological response of the two cultivars. The tolerant cultivar differentially expressed a larger number of genes at 90 days, while in the sensitive cultivar the number of differentially expressed genes was higher in 30 days. Both cultivars perceived the lack of water, but the tolerant cultivar responded more slowly than the sensitive cultivar. The latter requires rapid activation of different water-deficit stress response mechanisms for its survival. This rapid activation of metabolic pathways in response to water stress does not appear to be the key mechanism of drought tolerance in sugarcane. There is still much to clarify on the molecular and physiological pattern of plants in response to drought.Article gmr16028845

de novo assembly and transcriptome analysis of sugarcane leaves from contrasting varieties submited to prolonged water stress.

Sugarcane is an important crop, major source of sugar and alcohol, accounting for two-thirds of the world's sugar production. In Brazil, the sugarcane culture has expanded to areas with prolonged drought seasons, which is constraining its production. In order to identify genes and molecular process related to sugarcane drought tolerance, we performed de novo assembly and transcriptome analysis of two sugarcane genotypes, one tolerant and other sensitive to water stress, submitted to three water deficit condition (30, 60 and 90 days). The de novo assembly of leaves transcriptome was performed using short reads from Illumina RNA-Seq platform, which produced more than 1 billion reads, which were assembled into 177,509 and 185,153 transcripts sequences for the tolerant and sensitive cultivars, respectively. These transcripts were aligned with Sorghum bicolor, Miscanthus giganteus, Arabidopsis thaliana sequences and sugarcane sequences available in public databases. This analysis allowed the identification of a set of sugarcane genes shared with other species, as well as led to the identification of novel transcripts not cataloged yet. Differential expression analysis between genotypes and among days of water deficit were performed with EdgeR and DESeq. The differentially expressed genes were annotated and categorized using Blast2GO. The terms "enzyme regulator" and "transcription regulator" were highlighted within the differentially expressed genes between the contrasting cultivars, suggesting the importance of gene regulation during water deficit. This study found new molecular patterns, which provided hypotheses on plant response to drought and provided important information about genes involved in drought tolerance response.PAG 2016. Pôster P0792

Los dobletes etimológicos en español (1611-1739)

OBJECTIVES: Bacterial translocation seems to precede the occurrence of overt bacterial infection in patients with cirrhosis. The presence of bacterial DNA in blood and ascites correlates with bacterial translocation and is frequent in patients with advanced cirrhosis without overt infection. Our aim was to search for bacterial DNA in patients with cirrhosis both with and without ascites, and to study its correlation with abnormal intestinal motility or permeability and the presence of bacterial overgrowth. METHODS: Blood and ascites samples were obtained on day 1, and blood samples were taken twice a day for the following 3 days. Bacterial DNA was assayed by polymerase chain reaction using universal primers for rRNA 16\u2009s. Oro-caecal transit time and bacterial overgrowth were assessed with Lactulose H(2) breath testing. Intestinal permeability was assessed by determining urinary lactulose and mannitol excretion with high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: We studied seven patients (six were male, age range was 42-78 years). Aetiology was alcohol in four, HCV in two, HBV in one; ascites was present in four and Child-Pugh grade was A in four and B in three. All patients had increased intestinal permeability, six had decreased transit time and one had bacterial overgrowth. In only one patient (with ascites), polymerase chain reaction was positive for bacterial DNA both in ascites and serum for all 4 days on which samples were taken. CONCLUSION: Increased intestinal permeability and abnormal motility were frequent without evidence of bacterial translocation in cirrhosis even without ascites. They are likely to be facilitators for bacterial translocation and thus precede it