Análise da Realização de Educação Ambiental em uma Rede Pública de Ensino: Contribuições de um Modelo Permanente e Coletivo

Environmental Education (EE) should be permanently and interdisciplinarly inserted in school curricula, promoting good environmental practices to students. When they experience environmental practices, they can acquire skills and criticality to act appropriately, at the environmental level. It is understood that the teachers involved in these processes are fundamental for the success of the activities. However, many EE activities occur in a decontextualized manner, limited to a theoretical or specific approach to environmental issues. It is important to check the way in which EE happens, especially in public education, evaluating its practices and results for school communities. This study verified the EE carried out in the Municipal Teaching Network of Novo Hamburgo/Brazil, with questionnaires and interviews applied to teachers. In this public network there is a teaching group in permanent formation in EE, called Collective Environmental Educator. The most frequent educational practices are associated with waste, the cultivation of vegetable gardens and the interaction between students and nature. These actions are well accepted by the community and result in improvements in the school environment. Some activities were observed that result in the solution of environmental problems of the communities involved. However, most of the actions carried out are limited to proposals for raising awareness, important for the area, but incipient in terms of solving local environmental problems. It is perceived the need for greater theoretical and reflective deepening in these formations, in order to understand and approach the environmental theme in all its breadth. The organization of these activities in the form of a Teaching Network, through the Collective Environmental Educator, can be a model for the development of EE in public education networks.A Educação Ambiental (EA) deve ser inserida permanente e interdisciplinarmente nos currículos escolares, promovendo boas práticas ambientais aos estudantes. Quando estes vivenciam práticas ambientais, podem adquirir competências e criticidade para agirem adequadamente, no plano ambiental. Compreende-se que os docentes envolvidos nestes processos são fundamentais para o sucesso das atividades. Porém, muitas atividades de EA ocorrem de maneira descontextualizada, limitando-se a uma abordagem teórica ou pontual dos temas ambientais. É importante verificar a maneira como a EA acontece, especialmente no ensino público, avaliando suas práticas e resultados para as comunidades escolares. Este estudo verificou a EA realizada na Rede Municipal Ensino de Novo Hamburgo/Brasil, com questionários e entrevistas aplicados à professores. Nesta rede pública há um grupo docente em formação permanente em EA, denominado Coletivo Educador Ambiental. As práticas educativas mais frequentes são associadas aos resíduos, ao cultivo de hortas e a interação entre estudantes e natureza. Essas ações possuem boa aceitação da comunidade e resultam em melhorias no ambiente escolar. Observaram-se algumas atividades que resultam na solução de problemas ambientais das comunidades envolvidas. No entanto, a maioria das ações realizadas limitam-se à propostas de conscientização ou sensibilização, importantes para a área, porém incipientes sob o ponto de vista da resolução de problemas ambientais locais. Percebe-se a necessidade de maior aprofundamento teórico e reflexivo nestas formações, de modo que se compreenda e aborde a temática ambiental em toda sua amplitude. A organização destas atividades sob a forma de Rede de Ensino, por meio do Coletivo Educador Ambiental, pode ser um modelo para o desenvolvimento da EA nas redes públicas de ensino

FORMAÇÃO INICIAL E CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES DO COLETIVO EDUCADOR AMBIENTAL DE NOVO HAMBURGO/RS E SUA PERCEPÇÃO SOBRE AS PRÁTICAS EDUCATIVAS AMBIENTAIS REALIZADAS

RESUMOAs práticas de Educação Ambiental (EA) devem ser inseridas permanentemente e de maneira interdisciplinar nos currículos escolares, promovendo boas práticas ambientais aos estudantes. Quando estes educandos vivenciam práticas ambientais adequadas, podem adquirir competências e criticidade para agirem adequadamente, no plano ambiental. Compreende-se que os docentes envolvidos nestes processos são fundamentais para o sucesso das atividades. Torna-se importante verificar a maneira como a EA acontece, fundamentalmente no ensino público. O presente trabalho verificou a formação docente dos profissionais envolvidos com EA realizada na Rede Municipal de Ensino de Novo Hamburgo/RS, com questionários. Nesta rede pública há um grupo docente em formação permanente em EA, denominado Coletivo Educador Ambiental, do qual fazem parte os professores participantes da pesquisa. Foi verificada também a percepção destes docentes referente às práticas educativas ambientais realizadas, no âmbito do Coletivo Educador. O grupo entrevistado percebe as ações de EA desenvolvidas positivamente, em sua maioria, considerando que as mesmas fazem diferença nas comunidades envolvidas. Verifica-se a demanda por ações mais práticas e contínuas e a necessidade de condições favoráveis à realização da EA. Concluiu-se que desenvolver a EA por meio de um grupo docente em formação permanente, promovendo estas ações enquanto rede de ensino, é uma boa alternativa de inserção da EA na rede pública. Esta formatação atende duas orientações presentes tanto na Política Nacional de EA quanto nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a EA: formação permanente dos recursos humanos envolvidos e o desenvolvimento de atividades permanentes e interdisciplinares, sem uma disciplina específica para esta finalidade.Palavras-chave: Coletivo educador. Educação ambiental. Ensino público. Formação docente. Práticas educativas ambientais.ABSTRACTEnvironmental Education (EE) practices should be inserted permanently and interdisciplinarily in school curricula, promoting good environmental practices for students. When these learners experience appropriate environmental practices, they can acquire the skills and criticality to act appropriately, in the environmental field. It is understood that the teachers involved in these processes are fundamental to the success of the activities. It becomes important to check how EA happens, fundamentally in public education. The present study verified the teacher training of the professionals involved with EE carried out in the Teaching Network of Novo Hamburgo/RS, with questionnaires. In this public network there is a teaching group in permanent formation in EE, called Collective Environmental Educator, which includes the participating teachers of the research. It was also verified the perception of these teachers regarding the environmental educational practices carried out, within the scope of the Educative Collective. The interviewed group perceives the actions of EE developed positively, in the majority, considering that they make a difference in the communities involved. There is a demand for more practical and continuous actions and the need for favorable conditions for EE. It was concluded that the development of EE through a teaching group in permanent formation, promoting these actions as a teaching network, is a good alternative for the insertion of EE into the public network. This format meets two guidelines in both the National EE Policy and the National Curricular Guidelines for EE: permanent training of the human resources involved and the development of permanent and interdisciplinary activities, without a specific discipline for this purpose.Keywords: Collective educator. Environmental education. Public education. Teacher training. Environmental education practices

Abordagens cirúrgicas em mulheres com câncer de colo uterino: aspectos técnicos e epidemiológicos em um país da América Latina

The objective of this study is to disassemble, to expose, through scientific articles and government exposure, the main surgical techniques for the treatment of cervical-uterine cancer. And as a secondary objective, to analyze the epidemiology of the disease in Brazil. An in-depth search of articles was carried out in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and PubMed databases, with the following Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS): Uterine cancer; Neoplasm; Malignancy. Articles were selected between the periods of 2018 to 2023, in Portuguese, to increase the level of relevance and quality of the review, given the scarcity of scientific studies on the subject. It is concluded from the analysis of these studies that the early detection of cervical cancer and the appropriate treatment, according to each case, can completely solve the complications of the disease. The choice of the best surgical procedure in the context of oncological surgery should be guided by the existing conditions and attributed to adjuvant therapies, for better results.El objetivo de este estudio es desmontar, exponer, a través de artículos científicos y exposición gubernamental, las principales técnicas quirúrgicas para el tratamiento del cáncer cérvico-uterino. Y como objetivo secundario, analizar la epidemiología de la enfermedad en Brasil. Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva de artículos en las bases de datos Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) y PubMed, con los siguientes Descriptores de Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS): cáncer de útero; Neoplasma; Malignidad. Los artículos fueron seleccionados entre los períodos de 2018 a 2023, en portugués, para aumentar el nivel de relevancia y calidad de la revisión, dada la escasez de estudios científicos sobre el tema. Del análisis de estos estudios se concluye que la detección precoz del cáncer de cérvix y el tratamiento adecuado, según cada caso, pueden solucionar por completo las complicaciones de la enfermedad. La elección del mejor procedimiento quirúrgico en el contexto de la cirugía oncológica debe estar guiada por las condiciones existentes y atribuida a las terapias adyuvantes, para mejores resultados.Objetivo desse estudo é desmontar, é expor, por meio de artigos científicos e exposição governamentais, as principais técnicas cirúrgicas para o tratamento de câncer cérvico-uterino.  E como objetivo secundário, analisar a epidemiologia da doença no Brasil. Foi realizada uma profunda pesquisa de artigos nas bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e PubMed, com os seguintes Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): Uterine cancer; Neoplasm; Malignancy. Foram selecionados artigos entre os períodos de 2018 a 2023, no idioma Português, para ampliar o nível de relevância e a qualidade da revisão, visto a escassez de estudos científicos sobre a temática. Conclui-se com a análise desses estudos que, a detecção precoce do câncer de colo de útero e o tratamento adequado, de acordo com cada caso, pode solucionar completamente as complicações da doença. A escolha do melhor procedimento cirúrgico no âmbito da cirurgia oncológica, deve ser instruída pelas condições existentes e atribuída a terapias adjuvantes, para melhores resultados

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study

Background Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18-49, 50-69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population.The aim of this study was to inform vaccination prioritization by modelling the impact of vaccination on elective inpatient surgery. The study found that patients aged at least 70 years needing elective surgery should be prioritized alongside other high-risk groups during early vaccination programmes. Once vaccines are rolled out to younger populations, prioritizing surgical patients is advantageous

Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19

BackgroundWe previously reported that impaired type I IFN activity, due to inborn errors of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I interferon (IFN) immunity or to autoantibodies against type I IFN, account for 15-20% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients. Therefore, the determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 remain to be identified in similar to 80% of cases.MethodsWe report here a genome-wide rare variant burden association analysis in 3269 unvaccinated patients with life-threatening COVID-19, and 1373 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals without pneumonia. Among the 928 patients tested for autoantibodies against type I IFN, a quarter (234) were positive and were excluded.ResultsNo gene reached genome-wide significance. Under a recessive model, the most significant gene with at-risk variants was TLR7, with an OR of 27.68 (95%CI 1.5-528.7, P=1.1x10(-4)) for biochemically loss-of-function (bLOF) variants. We replicated the enrichment in rare predicted LOF (pLOF) variants at 13 influenza susceptibility loci involved in TLR3-dependent type I IFN immunity (OR=3.70[95%CI 1.3-8.2], P=2.1x10(-4)). This enrichment was further strengthened by (1) adding the recently reported TYK2 and TLR7 COVID-19 loci, particularly under a recessive model (OR=19.65[95%CI 2.1-2635.4], P=3.4x10(-3)), and (2) considering as pLOF branchpoint variants with potentially strong impacts on splicing among the 15 loci (OR=4.40[9%CI 2.3-8.4], P=7.7x10(-8)). Finally, the patients with pLOF/bLOF variants at these 15 loci were significantly younger (mean age [SD]=43.3 [20.3] years) than the other patients (56.0 [17.3] years; P=1.68x10(-5)).ConclusionsRare variants of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I IFN immunity genes can underlie life-threatening COVID-19, particularly with recessive inheritance, in patients under 60 years old