Perceções de doença como determinantes de comportamentos de saúde na asma

Objetivos: Identificar e caracterizar perceções de doença e sua associação com níveis de adesão à terapêutica e controlo da doença na asma. Métodos: Estudo observacional-descritivo transversal cuja amostra é constituída por 33 estudantes asmáticos, de ambos os sexos e idade 18-29 anos (M=20,33; DP=2,04), que completaram o Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R), a Medida de Adesão aos Tratamentos (MAT) e o Asthma Control Test (ACT). Resultados: A maioria dos indivíduos percepciona a asma como doença crónica, cíclica, que pode ser controlada pela sua acção e/ou tratamento. A maioria apresenta um bom nível de controlo da asma, evidenciando 84,8% uma perceção adequada do controlo da sua doença. Embora apresentem um bom nível de adesão, apenas 28% toma medicação preventiva diariamente, referindo 45,2% já ter interrompido a medicação por se sentir melhor. Foram encontradas correlações significativas entre nível de adesão e perceção de duração cíclica da doença (rs (30)= -0,38; p<0,05), entre perceção de controlo através do tratamento e nível de controlo da doença (rs (33) = 0,386; p<0,05) e entre sintomas e perceção de controlo da doença (rs (33) = 0,737; p<0,01). Conclusões: Os resultados evidenciam o papel das perceções de doença na adoção de comportamentos de saúde na asma, nomeadamente a adesão à terapêutica, que vão traduzir-se no nível de controlo alcançado pelos doentes. Desenvolver intervenções individualizadas, centradas no doente, que contribuam para corrigir crenças inadequadas poderá, pois, potenciar um envolvimento ativo do doente no controlo da sua doença, contribuindo para uma melhoria da sua Qualidade de Vida

Pharmacological modulation of inflammation associated with inflammatory bowel disease : - study in an animal model

Tese de doutoramento, Farmácia (Farmacologia e Farmacoterapia), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2016Inflammatory bowel disease is a common gastro-intestinal disorder marked with chronic inflammation of intestinal epithelium, damaging mucosal tissue and manifests into several intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms, mainly related to oxidative stress, inflammation and autoimmune type [Mowat, 2011; Pawar, 2011]. Currently used medical therapy of inflammatory bowel disease aim to induce and maintain the patient in remission and ameliorate the disease’s secondary effects, rather than modifying or reversing the underlying pathogenic mechanism [Engel, 2010; Pithadia, 2011]. Furthermore, their use may result in severe side effects and complications, such as an increased rate of malignancies or infectious diseases [Engel, 2010]. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the influence of a set of new drugs in inflammatory bowel disease, like erythropoietin, thiadiazolidinone-8 and hemin, through of an experimental colitis model induced by TNBS in rodents, contributing to facilitate a more effective and selective treatment than the currently known. Experimental colitis is induced by intracolonic administration of TNBS as described by Morris method [Morris, 1989]. The mice with colitis are treated with and without daily doses of erythropoietin, thiadiazolidinone-8 and hemin. The evaluated parameters are clinical symptoms/signs, colon length, fecal hemoglobin, ALP, urea, creatinine, ALT, MPO, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10 and histopathological score. TNBS-induced colitis was developed in 4 days, providing an acute intestinal inflammation model. These mice presented an increase of MPO, TNF-α, IL-1β and fecal hemoglobin. Erythropoietin treatment had a positive influence in the development of experimental colitis in all evaluated parameters, thus reducing its severity and extension. Thiadiazolidinone-8 derivate and hemin treatments had also a positive influence in the development of experimental colitis, but not in all evaluated parameters. All tested drugs significantly inhibit acute inflammatory response associated to the TNBS-induced colitis model.Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Bolsa de Doutoramento concedida pela Caixa Geral de Depósitos - ESTeSL-IPL/CGD/201

Potential anti-inflammatory effect of Rosmarinus officinalis in preclinical in vivo models of inflammation

FCT_UIDB/05608/2020. FCT_UIDP/05608/2020.This systematic review aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory effect of Rosmarinus officinalis in preclinical in vivo models of inflammation. A search was conducted in the databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, with related keywords. The inclusion criteria were inflammation, plant, and studies on rats or mice; while, the exclusion criteria were reviews, studies with in vitro models, and associated plants. The predominant animal models were paw edema, acute liver injury, and asthma. Rosemary was more commonly used in its entirety than in compounds, and the prevalent methods of extraction were maceration and hydrodistillation. The most common routes of administration reported were gavage, intraperitoneal, and oral, on a route-dependent dosage. The treatment took place daily, or was single-dose, on average for 21 days, and it more often started before the induction. The most evaluated biomarkers were tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The best results emerged at a dose of 60 mg/kg, via IP of carnosic acid, a dose of 400 mg/kg via gavage of Rosmarinus officinalis, and a dose of 10 mg/kg via IP of rosmarinic acid. Rosmarinus officinalis L. showed anti-inflammatory activity before and after induction of treatments.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Efficacy and safety of erythropoietin in a chronic model of inflammatory bowel disease

FCT_UIDB/05608/2020. FCT_UIDP/05608/2020.Background: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is recognized as a group of chronic inflammatory disorders, localized in the gastrointestinal tract, which does not have a cure known. Indeed, the pharmacological approaches, commonly used, demonstrate significant toxicity, which highlights the need of investigating new possible treatments. Erythropoietin (EPO) is clinically used in anemic patients, with chronic renal insufficiency, due to its erythropoietic effect. However, it has also been described other non-erythropoietic effects, such as an anti-inflammatory role. There is already preclinical evidence about its anti-inflammatory effect in the IBD context, namely in an acute model of colitis in mice. Therefore, it is relevant to ascertain its anti-inflammatory effect in a chronic model, but mainly its hematopoietic side effect, during chronic treatment. Aim: This experiment aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EPO treatment in a chronic 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis model in rodents. Methods: The induction of chronic colitis consisted of five weekly intrarectal administrations of 1% TNBS, and then mice were treated daily with 500 IU/Kg or 1000 IU/Kg of EPO, through intraperitoneal injections, for 14 days. Results: EPO demonstrated a significant anti-inflammatory effect, translated by a significant reduction of the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α, fecal calprotectin, and fecal hemoglobin. Moreover, it has also been demonstrated to be safe, considering the cardiovascular system, in terms of extraintestinal manifestations, namely at renal and hepatic functions. Conclusions: EPO demonstrated to be a promising pharmacological approach to be considered in the management of IBD, being an interesting target for drug repositioning.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Espectroscopia de infravermelho na análise dos ovos moles de Aveiro

Mestrado em Biotecnologia- AlimentarOs Ovos Moles de Aveiro (OMA) são um doce tradicional de Aveiro, o qual beneficia do estatuto de garantia de qualidade, a Indicação Geográfica Protegida. O processo de certificação é gerido pela Associação de Produtores de Ovos Moles de Aveiro (APOMA) que em conjunto com Organismo d e Certificação (OC) garantem a qualidade e segurança dos OMA. Este trabalho inseriu-se no processo de certificação dos OMA através da realização de análises químicas e sensoriais a 68 amostras fornecidas pelo OC. O trabalho desenvolvido nas análises sensoriais consistiu na receção e preparação das amostras para a prova sensorial, assim como a participação no painel de provadores dos OMA. Nas análises químicas, 54 amostras foram aprovadas como representativas dos OMA. A sacarose foi o parâmetro ao qual foi atribuída a maioria das não conformidades. Tal facto poderá ser devido às análises feitas para a elaboração do Caderno de Especificações terem utilizado somente massas frescas, ao contrário do que foi feito neste trabalho. Estes resultados levam a inferir que deverá ser considerado um ajuste nos valores de referência estipulados pelo aderno de especificações dos OMA, tendo em atenção o prazo de validade. A espetroscopia de infravermelho médio (MIR) e próximo (NIR) foi utilizada na análise dos OMA, utilizando dois equipamentos de MIR e um de NIR. Os resultados obtidos no MIR permitem inferir a reprodutibilidade da análise independentemente do equipamento usado. A PCA (Análise dos Componentes Principais) dos espetros de MIR obtidos na região 1800-800 cm-1 permite verificar a separação das amostras de acordo com os parâmetros humidade (PC1 negativo), sacarose (PC1 positivo) e gordura (PC3). A PCA realizada para os espetros de NIR também permitiu a separação das amostras de OMA relativamente aos parâmetros humidade (PC1 positivo) e sacarose (PC1 negativo), com 90% da variabilidade total das amostras explicada pelo PC1. Este trabalho mostrou que a espetroscopia de infravermelho pode ser utilizada para uma fase de avaliação rápida, em tempo real dos OMA permitindo que, pela análise dos sinais espetroscópicos dos parâmetros humidade, sacarose e gordura, seja possível uma verificação das amostras conformes. Tal permitirá a redução do número de amostras a avaliar pelo método químico, e assim tornar o processo de certificação mais rápido e eficiente.Ovos Moles de Aveiro (OMA) is a traditional sweet of Aveiro, to which are granted a status of quality assurance, the Protected geographical indication (PGI). The certification process is managed by the Association of Producers of OMA (APOMA) which, together with the Product Certification Body (PCB), guarantees the quality and safety of this food product. This work was done in the aim of the certification process of OMA by performing chemical and sensorial analysis of 68 samples provided by the OPCC. The reception and preparation of samples for sensory testing was accomplished, as well as participation in the taster’s panel of OMA. Concerning the results of chemical analysis, 54 samples were approved as OMA. The sucrose was the parameter with higher number of nonconformities. This may be due to the fact that the analysis for the elaboration of the Product Specification Guide Book only performed with fresh product, whereas in this work products with several days have been analysed. These results led to the conclusion that an adjustment should be made in the reference values stated in the Product Specification Guide Book, with attention to the shelf life date. The Mid (MIR) and Near (NIR) infrared spectroscopies were used for OMA analysis, using two MIR equipments and one NIR. The results obtained in MIR indicate that the reproducibility of the analysis is independent of the equipment used. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of obtained MIR spectra in the region of 1800-800 cm-1 allowed to observe the separation of the OMA samples according with to the moisture (PC1 negative), sucrose (PC1 positive), and fat (PC3) contents. The PCA performed for the NIR spectra also allowed the separation of samples of OMA concerning the moisture (PC1 positive) and sucrose (PC1 negative) contents, with 90% of the total variance explained by PC1 samples. This work showed that infrared spectroscopy can be used for a fast and real-time evaluation of the OMA. The spectroscopic signals for the moisture, sucrose, and fat will allow identifying the OMA samples and highlight those that may not be in accordance. This will lead to the reduction of the number of samples to evaluate by the chemical methods and thus make the certification process faster and more efficient

Chronic experimental model of TNBS-induced colitis to study inflammatory bowel disease

IDI&CA_IPL/2019/COLITiS_ESTeSLFCT_UIDB/05608/2020. FCT_UIDP/05608/2020.Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a world healthcare problem. In order to evaluate the effect of new pharmacological approaches for IBD, we aim to develop and validate chronic trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in mice. Methods: Experimental colitis was induced by the rectal administration of multiple doses of TNBS in female CD-1 mice. The protocol was performed with six experimental groups, depending on the TNBS administration frequency, and two control groups (sham and ethanol groups). Results: The survival rate was 73.3% in the first three weeks and, from week 4 until the end of the experimental protocol, the mice’s survival remained unaltered at 70.9%. Fecal hemoglobin presented a progressive increase until week 4 (5.8 ± 0.3 µmol Hg/g feces, p < 0.0001) compared with the ethanol group, with no statistical differences to week 6. The highest level of tumor necrosis factor-α was observed on week 3; however, after week 4, a slight decrease in tumor necrosis factor-α concentration was verified, and the level was maintained until week 6 (71.3 ± 3.3 pg/mL and 72.7 ± 3.6 pg/mL, respectively). Conclusions: These findings allowed the verification of a stable pattern of clinical and inflammation signs after week 4, suggesting that the chronic model of TNBS-induced colitis develops in 4 weeks.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Hemin ameliorates the inflammatory activity in the inflammatory bowel disease: a non-clinical study in rodents

FCT_UIDB/05608/2020. FCT_UIDP/05608/2020.Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Currently, there is no cure, and pharmacological treatment aims to induce and maintain remission in patients, so it is essential to investigate new possible treatments. Hemin is a heme-oxygenase inducer that can confer anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and antiapoptotic effects; therefore, it can be considered an asset for different gastrointestinal pathologies, namely for IBD. Aim: This experiment aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hemin, in a chronic 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis model in rodents. Methods: The induction of chronic colitis consisted of five weekly intrarectal administrations of 1% TNBS. Then, the mice were treated daily with 5 mg/kg/day or 10 mg/kg/day of hemin, through intraperitoneal injections, for 14 days. Results: Hemin demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect through the reduction in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels, fecal calprotectin, and fecal hemoglobin. It was also found to be safe in terms of extraintestinal manifestations since hemin did not promote renal and/or hepatic changes. Conclusions: Hemin could become an interesting tool for new possible pharmacological approaches in the management of IBD.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Informe de pasantía nutrición y dietética academia compensar

Nutricionista DietistaPregrad