Validity of small scale tests for turret/fairing loads and cavity effects

Data from several wind tunnel experiments along with available flight test data are used to discuss the validity of small scale tests and their inherent limitations. Tests were performed at transonic speeds to measure the turbulence levels in a cavity with and without a forward porous fence, turret drag with and without an aerodynamic fairing, and turret/fairing unsteady pressures

Developing a Holistic Self-Care Plan for Nurses in a New Nurse Residency Program

The art of nursing is focused on the whole patient. The holism of individuals includes the body, mind, and spirit connection. If one part of this triad is unhealthy, the others may suffer. Nurses provide holistic, individualized care to clients. They strive to function as caregivers who provide health and wellbeing through a holistic approach. In doing so, nurses provide compassionate care that often supersedes the self. The care provided often exceeds their personal self-care needs. Unfortunately, a lack of self-care has the potential to cause damage to the nurse\u27s body, mind and spirit. The purpose of this Doctorate of Nursing Practice project was to develop a self-care plan utilizing holistic self-care tools for nurses in a new nurse residency program. Utilizing convenience sampling, thirteen new nurses decided to participate in the project. All thirteen accepted the 30 day supply of tools, calendar and holistic tool documentation sheet. All thirteen nurses participated in the education and trial of the holistic self-care tools. At the end of 30 days, eight of the thirteen (62%) returned their individual calendar with tools circled and holistic tool documentation sheet completed. The results reflected 100% (8) nurses used the tool Lavender essential oil, 100% (8) nurses used the tool Mandala coloring with music, 62.5% (5) used the tool journaling and 50% (4) had one or more days they did not utilize a tool(s). Therefore, 86% of the 30 days the nurses utilized Lavender essential oil, 44% of the 30 days the nurses utilized Mandala coloring with music, 25% of the 30 days the nurses utilized journaling and 7% of the 30 days no tool was utilized. The results depict the new nurse\u27s active role in timely self-care planning utilizing holistic self-care tools

Mentorship Matters

The researchers have identified the creation of a successful farming cooperative as a goal for the Pembroke Farming Family Association (PFFA), and have examined the literature to determine the components of such cooperatives. A literature review revealed that increased education in many areas is strongly correlated with successful farming cooperatives. The researchers determined that education through mentorship is an evidence based practice which could be implemented as an intervention. Then, the researchers located the measurement instrument of seasonal pre-test and post-test surveys, which would require additional questions related to specifics of farming in Pembroke. Finally, the researchers found that dependent t-tests could be used to analyze the data gathered through the measurement instruments. After evaluating the study for validity and reliability, the researchers believe that the proposal will effectively examine the possibility of the implementation of mentorship programs to assist the creation of a successful farming cooperative in Pembroke. During this session, participants will Learn of the varied needs in the Pembroke Township Understand literature results which identify barriers to community development in rural, impoverished communities Discover opportunities for community development in the Pembroke community Explore the proposed mentorship structure to decrease barriers to employment and increase life skills developmen

Flow visualization techniques in the Airborne Laser Laboratory program

A turret/fairing assembly for laser applications was designed and tested. Wind tunnel testing was conducted using flow visualization techniques. The techniques used have included the methods of tufting, encapsulated liquid crystals, oil flow, sublimation and schlieren and shadowgraph photography. The results were directly applied to the design of fairing shapes for minimum drag and reduced turret buffet. In addition, the results are of primary importance to the study of light propagation paths in the near flow field of the turret cavity. Results indicate that the flow in the vicinity of the turret is an important factor for consideration in the design of suitable turret/fairing or aero-optic assemblies

Mentorship Matters

The researchers have identified the creation of a successful farming cooperative as a goal for the Pembroke Farming Family Association (PFFA), and have examined the literature to determine the components of such cooperatives. A literature review revealed that increased education in many areas is strongly correlated with successful farming cooperatives. The researchers determined that education through mentorship is an evidence based practice which could be implemented as an intervention. Then, the researchers located the measurement instrument of seasonal pre-test and post-test surveys, which would require additional questions related to specifics of farming in Pembroke. Finally, the researchers found that dependent t-tests could be used to analyze the data gathered through the measurement instruments. After evaluating the study for validity and reliability, the researchers believe that the proposal will effectively examine the possibility of the implementation of mentorship programs to assist the creation of a successful farming cooperative in Pembroke. During this session, participants will Learn of the varied needs in the Pembroke Township Understand literature results which identify barriers to community development in rural, impoverished communities Discover opportunities for community development in the Pembroke community Explore the proposed mentorship structure to decrease barriers to employment and increase life skills developmen

Turbulent two-dimensional jet flow and its effect on laser beam degradation

An experiment in which visible wavelength lasers traversed a well-documented two dimensional jet was conducted. Temperature perturbations varied from 0.25 to 1.80 K and velocity fluctuations ranged from 9.2 to 30.8 m/sec. Measured central spot intensities were as low as 18% of the undisturbed beam, depending on jet Mach number, beam position theory and experiment was two percent in terms of far field intensity. To supplement the flow field information, a laser Doppler velocimeter was developed to measure both mean and fluctuating velocities and a photo correlator was used as a signal processor

Segmental dataset and whole body expression data do not support the hypothesis that non-random movement is an intrinsic property of Drosophila retrogenes

Background: Several studies in Drosophila have shown excessive movement of retrogenes from the X chromosome to autosomes, and that these genes are frequently expressed in the testis. This phenomenon has led to several hypotheses invoking natural selection as the process driving male-biased genes to the autosomes. Metta and Schlotterer (BMC Evol Biol 2010, 10:114) analyzed a set of retrogenes where the parental gene has been subsequently lost. They assumed that this class of retrogenes replaced the ancestral functions of the parental gene, and reported that these retrogenes, although mostly originating from movement out of the X chromosome, showed female-biased or unbiased expression. These observations led the authors to suggest that selective forces (such as meiotic sex chromosome inactivation and sexual antagonism) were not responsible for the observed pattern of retrogene movement out of the X chromosome. Results: We reanalyzed the dataset published by Metta and Schlotterer and found several issues that led us to a different conclusion. In particular, Metta and Schlotterer used a dataset combined with expression data in which significant sex-biased expression is not detectable. First, the authors used a segmental dataset where the genes selected for analysis were less testis-biased in expression than those that were excluded from the study. Second, sex-biased expression was defined by comparing male and female whole-body data and not the expression of these genes in gonadal tissues. This approach significantly reduces the probability of detecting sex-biased expressed genes, which explains why the vast majority of the genes analyzed (parental and retrogenes) were equally expressed in both males and females. Third, the female-biased expression observed by Metta and Schltterer is mostly found for parental genes located on the X chromosome, which is known to be enriched with genes with female-biased expression. Fourth, using additional gonad expression data, we found that autosomal genes analyzed by Metta and Schlotterer are less up regulated in ovaries and have higher chance to be expressed in meiotic cells of spermatogenesis when compared to X-linked genes. Conclusions: The criteria used to select retrogenes and the sex-biased expression data based on whole adult flies generated a segmental dataset of female-biased and unbiased expressed genes that was unable to detect the higher propensity of autosomal retrogenes to be expressed in males. Thus, there is no support for the authors' view that the movement of new retrogenes, which originated from X-linked parental genes, was not driven by selection. Therefore, selection-based genetic models remain the most parsimonious explanations for the observed chromosomal distribution of retrogenes.National Institutes of Health grant [NIH R0IGM078070-01A1, R01 GM078070-03S1, T32 GM007197]National Institutes of Health grantChicago Community TrustChicago Community TrustChicago Biomedical ConsortiumChicago Biomedical ConsortiumKey Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [O952B81P05]Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution of the Chinese Academy of Science

Gene expression clines reveal local adaptation and associated trade-offs at a continental scale

Local adaptation, where fitness in one environment comes at a cost in another, should lead to spatial variation in trade-offs between life history traits and may be critical for population persistence. Recent studies have sought genomic signals of local adaptation, but often have been limited to laboratory populations representing two environmentally different locations of a species' distribution. We measured gene expression, as a proxy for fitness, in males of Drosophila subobscura, occupying a 20° latitudinal and 11 °C thermal range. Uniquely, we sampled six populations and studied both common garden and semi-natural responses to identify signals of local adaptation. We found contrasting patterns of investment: transcripts with expression positively correlated to latitude were enriched for metabolic processes, expressed across all tissues whereas negatively correlated transcripts were enriched for reproductive processes, expressed primarily in testes. When using only the end populations, to compare our results to previous studies, we found that locally adaptive patterns were obscured. While phenotypic trade-offs between metabolic and reproductive functions across widespread species are well-known, our results identify underlying genetic and tissue responses at a continental scale that may be responsible for this. This may contribute to understanding population persistence under environmental change

Developing a Holistic Self-Care Plan for Nurses in a New Nurse Residency Program

The art of nursing is focused on the whole patient. The holism of individuals includes the body, mind, and spirit connection. If one part of this triad is unhealthy, the others may suffer. Nurses provide holistic, individualized care to clients. They strive to function as caregivers who provide health and wellbeing through a holistic approach. In doing so, nurses provide compassionate care that often supersedes the self. The care provided often exceeds their personal self-care needs. Unfortunately, a lack of self-care has the potential to cause damage to the nurse\u27s body, mind and spirit. The purpose of this Doctorate of Nursing Practice project was to develop a self-care plan utilizing holistic self-care tools for nurses in a new nurse residency program. Utilizing convenience sampling, thirteen new nurses decided to participate in the project. All thirteen accepted the 30 day supply of tools, calendar and holistic tool documentation sheet. All thirteen nurses participated in the education and trial of the holistic self-care tools. At the end of 30 days, eight of the thirteen (62%) returned their individual calendar with tools circled and holistic tool documentation sheet completed. The results reflected 100% (8) nurses used the tool Lavender essential oil, 100% (8) nurses used the tool Mandala coloring with music, 62.5% (5) used the tool journaling and 50% (4) had one or more days they did not utilize a tool(s). Therefore, 86% of the 30 days the nurses utilized Lavender essential oil, 44% of the 30 days the nurses utilized Mandala coloring with music, 25% of the 30 days the nurses utilized journaling and 7% of the 30 days no tool was utilized. The results depict the new nurse\u27s active role in timely self-care planning utilizing holistic self-care tools