Effects of a peer-led Walking In ScHools intervention (the WISH study) on physical activity levels of adolescent girls: a cluster randomised pilot study.

School-based interventions may be effective at increasing levels of physical activity (PA) among adolescents; however, there is a paucity of evidence on whether walking can be successfully promoted to increase PA in this age group. This pilot study aimed to assess the effects of a 12-week school-based peer-led brisk walking programme on levels of school-time PA post intervention

Morel-Lavallée Lesion: A not so rare, but often missed diagnosis

The Morel-Lavallée lesion is a closed, post-traumatic, soft tissue degloving injury. There is separation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue from the underlying fascia resulting in an effusion and creation of a perifascial space often containing lymph and necrotic fat.We present a case of a 70-year-old female that was referred to us with a painful right thigh after a fall from her bike. Ultrasound showed a persistent MLL and an ultrasound-guided injection with cortisone wasinjected the MLL, which resolved the patient’s complaints.Level of evidence: Level 4.</p

Successful declarative memory formation is associated with ongoing activity during encoding in a distributed neocortical network related to working memory: a magnetoencephalography study.

Contains fulltext : 50454.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)The aim of the present study was to investigate the spatio-temporal characteristics of the neural correlates of declarative memory formation as assessed by the subsequent memory effect, i.e. the difference in encoding activity between subsequently remembered and subsequently forgotten items. Different operations could account for these effects. In particular, it has been proposed that successful memory formation depends on the organization of the information at the time of encoding, an operation accomplished by the working memory system. Consequently, functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have already shown that the very same regions that are involved in certain working memory processes are also involved in declarative memory formation. Here, we used magnetoencephalography to investigate whether the subsequent memory effects in these regions are present throughout picture stimulus presentation, postulating ongoing working memory operations as an effective factor. The results showed that subsequent memory effects began to appear after about 300 ms post stimulus onset over bilateral temporal areas and left parietal regions and were sustained throughout the recording epoch (1000 ms). Roughly parallel to these effects, we identified a left frontal subsequent memory effect, which, however, was less sustained than the other effects. In addition, we revealed a late subsequent memory effect over the right occipital region, which has not been described previously in the event-related potential literature. These sustained subsequent memory effects are suggestive of working memory processes that may enable deep semantic and perceptual processing. Additionally, contextually constrained visual perception after top-down modulation may account for a more efficient encoding of the complex scene

Ionic core–shell dendrimers with a polycationic core: structural aspects and host–guest binding properties

The structural aspects and host–guest binding properties of ionic core–shell dendrimers [1]Br8 and [2]Br4, which bear a polycationic core and a neutral shell of Fréchet-type poly(benzyl aryl ether) dendrons, have been investigated by means of dendritic wedges [3]Br2 and [4]Br, that resemble one of the four wedges of the dendrimers. Alike the dendrimers, dendritic wedges [3]Br2 and [4]Br form discrete stoichiometric assemblies with Methyl Orange anions to give host–guest assemblies [3][MO]2 and [4][MO], respectively. X-Ray crystal structures of dendritic wedge [3]Br2 and host–guest assembly [4][MO] have been resolved and reveal that besides Coulombic interactions additional interactions, such as weak hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions, can also be present between the dendritic host and substrate molecules. The substrate selectivity of the ionic core–shell dendrimers for sulfonato anions over carboxylato anions, as was observed in preliminary competition experiments, can be attributed to these additional binding interactions. These X-ray structures, furthermore, substantiate earlier speculations in literature on the presence of π–π interactions between Fréchet-type poly(benzyl aryl ether) dendritic wedges and aromatic substrate molecules

Polycationic (Mixed) Core-Shell Dendrimers for Binding and Delivery of Inorganic/Organic Substrates

Dit onderzoek beschrijft een serie polykationische arylether-dendrimeren, die in kwantitatieve opbrengst zijn verkregen door reactie van dendritische benzyl bromides met organosilanen die vier aryl(di)amine substituenten bevatten. Deze dendrimeren zijn opgebouwd uit een polykationische kern en een polaire buitenlaag. Tevens wordt de synthese van het eerste gemengde, polykationische dendrimeer beschreven. Dit nieuwe type dendrimeer bestaat achtereenvolgens uit een [G1] carbosilaandendrimeer kern, een poly-ionische tussenlaag en een polaire buitenlaag opgebouwd uit [G1] Fréchet type dendrons. De bindingscapaciteiten van deze dendrimeren ten aanzien van anionische gast-molekulen zijn onderzocht. Spectroscopische metingen (UV/Vis, NMR en MALDI-TOF) wijzen erop dat alle kationische centra in de dendrimeren beschikbaar zijn voor de vorming van ionparen. Zo is het mogelijk om een maximum aantal van 24 anionische gasten te binden. De grote NMR spectroscopische verschuivingen gecombineerd met relaxatiemetingen van de groepen die aanwezig zijn in de kern van de dendrimeren, duiden op een duidelijke associatie van de anionen met de kationische centra van de dendrimeren. De kristalstructuur van de octakationische model-verbinding [Si(C6H3{CH2NMe3}2-3,5)4]8+8 I- laat zien dat de (jodide) anionen zich voornamelijk in de buurt van de kationische centra bevinden. De nieuwe polykationische dendrimeren zijn gebruikt in fase-transfer katalyse en voor het transport van organische substraten door nanofiltratiemembranen. The convergent synthesis of a series of polycationic aryl ether dendrimers has been accomplished by a convenient procedure involving quantitative quaternarization of aryl(poly)amine core molecules. The series has been expanded to the preparation of the first polycationic, mixed core-shell dendrimer. All these dendrimers consist of an apolar core with a peripheral ionic layer which is surrounded by a less polar layer of dendritic wedges. These cationic, macromolecular species have been investigated for their ability to form assemblies with (anionic) guest molecules. The results obtained from UV/Vis and NMR spectroscopies, and MALDI-TOF-MS demonstrate that all the cationic sites throughout the dendrimer core are involved in ion pair formation with anionic guests giving predefined guest/host ratios up to 24. The large NMR spectroscopic shifts of resonances correlated with the groupings located in the core of the dendrimers, together with the relaxation time data indicate that the anionic guests are associated with the cationic core of these dendrimers. The X-ray molecular structure of the octacationic, tetra-arylsilane model derivative [Si(C6H3{CH2NMe3}2-3,5)4]8+8 I- shows that the iodide counterions are primarily located near the polycationic sphere. The new polycationic dendrimers have been investigated for their catalytic phase-transfer behavior and substrate delivery over a nanofiltration membrane

Shape-Persistent Nanosize Organometallic Complexes: Synthesis and Application in a Nanofiltration Membrane Reacto

Shape-persistent multi(NCN-Pd and/or -Pt) complexes having one- (p-C6H4(C6H2(CH2NMe2)2-3,5-PtI-4)2 (5) and BrPt(C6H3(CH2NMe2)2-2,6) (6)), two- (C6H3(C6H2(CH2NMe2)2-3,5-PtBr-4)3-1,3,5 (1c; prepn. previously published)) and C6H3(C6H4(C6H2(CH2NMe2)2-3,5-ML-4)-4)3-1,3,5 (2a-c; ML = PdBr, Pd(OH2)(BF4), PtBr), and three-dimensional (Si(C6H3(CH2OC6H2(CH2NMe2)2-3,5-ML-4)2-3,5)4 (3a-c; ML = PdI, Pd(OH2)(BF4), PtI)) and C6(C6H3(CH2OC6H2(CH2NMe2)2-3,5-ML-4)2-3,5)6 (4a-c; ML = PdI, Pd(OH2)(BF4), PtBr) geometries were prepd. in moderate to good yields. Two different approaches were used to construct the multimetallic materials: (i) the construction of the multisite ligands followed by the permetalation step and (ii) selective and mild 1-pot coupling of monometallic building blocks to a multifunctional shape-persistent org. core mol. The 1st approach was used to prep. the palladated and/or platinated tris- (2) and bis(NCN-pincer) (5) complexes, while the 2nd approach afforded the palladated and platinated octakis- (3) and dodecakis(NCN-pincer) (4) complexes. Complexes 1-6 were subjected to nanofiltration (NF) expts. to study the influence of rigidity and geometry on the retention of these mols. by NF membranes. For this purpose, the corresponding (NCN-Pt-X)n complexes (1c-4c, 5, and 6) were used since exposing these complexes to SO2 in soln. gave bright orange complexes, allowing the use of UV/visible spectroscopy to accurately det. the concns. of 1-6 in both retentate and permeate. Using the MPF-60 (MWCO = 400) NF-membrane, retention rates of 82.4 (6), 93.9 (1c), 98.7 (2c), 99.5 (3c), 99.6 (5), and &gt;99.9% (4c) were found, while 2c and 4c in combination with the MPF-50 (MWCO = 700) NF-membrane were retained in 97.6 and 99.9%, resp. A clear relation is obsd. between the dimensions calcd. by mol. modeling and the retention rates of 1-6. The 1-dimensional bis(pincer-Pt) complex 5, however, shows an unexpectedly high retention rate (99.6%) that can be due to pptn. of the complex in the membrane (clogging of the membrane) and/or to the formation of larger aggregates near the membrane. In addn., comparison of 2 and 4 with flexible nickelated G0- and G1-dendrimers with similar dimensions proved that a high degree of rigidity in the backbone of macromol. complexes indeed leads to more efficient retentions of these multimetallic materials by NF-membrane