Diagnostic imaging of the canine stifle

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Physiotherapy in small animal medicine

The benefits of physiotherapy have been extensively demonstrated in human medicine. Although physiotherapy has been performed in veterinary medicine for already several decades, it is only very recently that scientific research on this subject is increasing. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the different veterinary physiotherapeutic assessment and treatment techniques and possibilities, and correlate them to the data in the veterinary literature

Dysplastic elbow diseases in dogs

Elbow dysplasia (ED) is a term used to describe the most common causes of elbow lameness. The term refers to ununited anconeal process (UAP), fragmented coronoid process (FCP), osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) and elbow incongruity, according to the International Elbow Working Group (IEWG). All conditions are polygenetic and multifactorial diseases that often occur in young, popular breeds. Elbow incongruity has been suggested as a causative factor in most of these pathologies. The aim of this review was to describe the etiology and clinical appearance on radiography, computed tomography (CT) and arthroscopy, together with their treatment options and prognosis.Elleboogdysplasie is een term die de meest voorkomende oorzaken van elleboogmanken groepeert. Volgens de International Elbow Working Group (IEWG) omvat deze groep losse processus anconeus (LPA), losse processus coronoideus (LPC), osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) en elleboogincongruentie. Iedere aandoening is polygenetisch en multifactorieel en komt vaak voor bij jonge, populaire hondenrassen. Elleboogincongruentie wordt bovendien genoemd als een oorzakelijke factor bij de meeste van deze aandoeningen. Het doel van dit artikel is een overzicht te geven van de etiologie, van het klinisch beeld op radiografie, computer tomografie (CT) en artroscopie, en van de behandelingsopties en de prognose na de behandeling van de verschillende aandoeningen

Therapeutic ultrasound as an aid in tibial fracture management in a dog

A six-year-old, male, neutered Bernese mountain dog was presented with acute left hind limb lameness. Based on the symptoms, orthopedic examination and radiographic evaluation, a cranial cruciate ligament rupture was diagnosed. Surgical treatment with TTA Rapid was performed with good result. At two weeks postoperatively, the dog developed a fracture of the proximal tibia, due to excessive activity. Conservative treatment consisting of a splint and rest was advised. Physiotherapeutic ultrasonography and exercises were started to stimulate bone healing. After eight sessions, the dog was clinically much better, and radiographs showed a good evolution with a clear callus. Follow-up controls confirmed the progressive evolution

Unusual presentation of an avulsion of the long digital extensor tendon in a dog: radiographic, computed tomographic, arthroscopic, surgical and histological findings

A long digital extensor tendon avulsion is reported in a 15-month-old intact male Great Dane with a right pelvic limb lameness of 2-week duration. The orthopedic, radiographic, computed tomographic, arthroscopic, surgical and histological findings are described. Surgical excision of the avulsed bone fragment and re-attachment of the tendon to the lateral joint capsule of the stifle joint was successful and the dog was free of lameness 6 and 12 months after therapy

Medial compartment disease in a young Large Munsterlander

Medial compartment disease (MCD) is a recently recognized elbow disorder in dogs and refers to extensive cartilage erosions of the medial compartment of the elbow joint. This report describes a case of MCD in a 10-month-old Large Munsterlander that was presented with right frontleg lameness. Based on signalement, history and radiographic examination, there was a strong suspicion of a fragmented coronoid process (FCP) of the right elbow. However, arthroscopic examination revealed extensive cartilage erosions of the medial part of the humeral condyle and the medial coronoid process in addition to a small coronoid fragment (FCP) and a small OCD-like lesion. After the arthroscopic treatment, the dog did not improve. Neither did additional treatment with autologous conditioned plasma (Arthrex ACP (R)) lead to a substantial improvement. Finally, the dog was euthanized because of persistent lameness

Elbow lameness in dogs of six years and older : arthroscopic and imaging findings of medial coronoid disease in 51 dogs

Objectives: To report on the frequency and distribution of lesions of the medial coronoid process in dogs of six years of age and older, and to describe the arthroscopic findings in the affected joints. To compare those lesions seen in 'old' dogs with those seen in 'young' dogs between the ages of five and 18 months. Methods: A retrospective study of dogs six-years-old and older admitted for elbow lameness and subsequent elbow arthroscopy. The dogs were divided into groups according to the lesions of the medial coronoid process diagnosed during arthroscopic examination and computed tomography (Q. The radiographic degree of osteoarthritis (OA) and arthroscopically diagnosed lesions on the medial humeral condyle are described. Results: In 51 'old' dogs, five types of lesions could be identified on arthroscopy and CT: chondromalacia-like lesions (2%), fissures (27.5%), non-displaced fragments (12%), displaced fragments (27.5%), and erosions within the medial compartment without fragmentation (31%). A significantly different distribution of lesions was seen in 'young' dogs: fissures (23%), non-displaced fragments (45%), displaced fragments (29%), and erosions within the medial compartment without fragmentation (3%). No difference in radiographic degree of CIA was seen between the two groups. Clinical significance: This study demonstrates the relatively high incidence of medial coronoid disease in dogs older than six years of age, and it highlights one particular problem in 'old' dogs: the complete erosion of the medial compartment