34,378 research outputs found
The Misprediction of emotions in Track Athletics.: Is experience the teacher of all things?
People commonly overestimate the intensity of their emotions toward future events. In other words, they display an impact bias. This research addresses the question whether people learn from their experiences and correct for the impact bias. We hypothesize that athletes display an impact bias and, counterintuitively, that increased experience with an event increases this impact bias. A field study in the context of competitive track athletics supported our hypotheses by showing that athletes clearly overestimated their emotions toward the outcome of a track event and that this impact bias was more pronounced for negative events than for positive events. Moreover, with increased athletic experience this impact bias became larger. This effect could not be explained by athletes’ forecasted emotions, but it could be explained by the emotions they actually felt following the race. The more experience athletes had with athletics, the less they felt negative emotions after unsuccessful goal attainment. These findings are discussed in relation to possible underlying emotion regulation processes
S-DIMM+ height characterization of day-time seeing using solar granulation
To evaluate site quality and to develop multi-conjugative adaptive optics
systems for future large solar telescopes, characterization of contributions to
seeing from heights up to at least 12 km above the telescope is needed. We
describe a method for evaluating contributions to seeing from different layers
along the line-of-sight to the Sun. The method is based on Shack Hartmann
wavefront sensor data recorded over a large field-of-view with solar
granulation and uses only measurements of differential image displacements from
individual exposures, such that the measurements are not degraded by residual
tip-tilt errors. We conclude that the proposed method allows good measurements
when Fried's parameter r_0 is larger than about 7.5 cm for the ground layer and
that these measurements should provide valuable information for site selection
and multi-conjugate development for the future European Solar Telescope. A
major limitation is the large field of view presently used for wavefront
sensing, leading to uncomfortably large uncertainties in r_0 at 30 km distance.Comment: Accepted by AA 22/01/2010 (12 pages, 11 figures
Only connect: addressing the emotional needs of Scotland's children and young people
A report on the SNAP (Scottish Needs Assessment Programme) Child and Adolescent Mental Health Phase Two survey. It describes a survey of a wide range of professionals working with children and young people in Scotland, and deals with professional perspectives on emotional, behavioural and psychological problems. Conclusions and recommendations are presented
Chandra Observations and the Nature of the Anomalous Arms of NGC 4258 (M 106)
This paper presents high resolution X-ray observations with Chandra of NGC
4258 and infers the nature of the so called ``anomalous arms'' in this galaxy.
The anomalous arms dominate the X-ray image; diffuse X-ray emission from the
``plateaux'' regions, seen in radio and H imaging, is also found. X-ray
spectra have been obtained at various locations along the anomalous arms and
are well described by thermal (mekal) models with kT in the range 0.37 - 0.6
keV. The previously known kpc-scale radio jets are surrounded by cocoons of hot
X-ray emitting gas for the first 350 pc of their length. The radio jets, seen
in previous VLBA and VLA observations, propagate perpendicular to the compact
nuclear gas disk (imaged in water vapor maser emission). The angle between the
jets and the rotation axis of the galactic disk is 60. The jets shock
the normal interstellar gas along the first 350 pc of their length, causing the
hot, X-ray emitting cocoons noted above. At a height of z = 175 pc from the
disk plane, the jets exit the normal gas disk and then propagate though the low
density halo until they reach ``hot spots'' (at 870 pc and 1.7 kpc from the
nucleus), which are seen in radio, optical line and X-ray emission. These jets
must drive mass motions into the low density halo gas. This high velocity halo
gas impacts on the dense galactic gas disk and shock heats it along and around
a ``line of damage'', which is the projection of the jets onto the galactic gas
disk as viewed down the galaxy disk rotation axis. However, because NGC 4258 is
highly inclined ( = 64), the ``line of damage'' projects on the
sky in a different direction to the jets themselves. We calculate the expected
p.a. of the ``line of damage'' on the sky and find that it coincides with the
anomalous arms to within 2. (Abstract truncated).Comment: 12 pages plus 9 figures, to be published in the Astrophysical
Journal, v560, nr 1, pt 1 (Oct 10, 2001 issue
The dynamics of z~1 clusters of galaxies from the GCLASS survey
We constrain the internal dynamics of a stack of 10 clusters from the GCLASS
survey at 0.87<z<1.34. We determine the stack cluster mass profile M(r) using
the MAMPOSSt algorithm of Mamon et al., the velocity anisotropy profile beta(r)
from the inversion of the Jeans equation, and the pseudo-phase-space density
profiles Q(r) and Qr(r), obtained from the ratio between the mass density
profile and the third power of the (total and, respectively, radial) velocity
dispersion profiles of cluster galaxies. Several M(r) models are statistically
acceptable for the stack cluster (Burkert, Einasto, Hernquist, NFW). The total
mass distribution has a concentration c=r200/r-2=4.0-0.6+1.0, in agreement with
theoretical expectations, and is less concentrated than the cluster
stellar-mass distribution. The stack cluster beta(r) is similar for passive and
star-forming galaxies and indicates isotropic galaxy orbits near the cluster
center and increasingly radially elongated with increasing cluster-centric
distance. Q(r) and Qr(r) are almost power-law relations with slopes similar to
those predicted from numerical simulations of dark matter halos. Combined with
results obtained for lower-z clusters we determine the dynamical evolution of
galaxy clusters, and compare it with theoretical predictions. We discuss
possible physical mechanisms responsible for the differential evolution of
total and stellar mass concentrations, and of passive and star-forming galaxy
orbits [abridged].Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures. Version accepted for publication in A&A after
minor modification
Linking Forests and Economic Well-being: A Four Quadrant Approach
This paper has three main objectives: (1) to investigate whether the four-quadrant approach introduced by Maini (2003) reveals a useful typology for grouping countries by GDP and forest cover per capita, (2) to determine if the framework can enhance our understanding of the relationship between forest cover and GDP per capita, and (3) to investigate why countries in the four-quadrant world occupy different quadrants, and to determine the principal factors affecting country-movement across and within the individual quadrants. The examination reveals that countries can be classified into four broad categories, and that GDP and forest cover per capita have a low but consistent level of negative association. After regressing economic, institutional, social capital and other variables on a country’s occupancy and movement in the four-quadrant world, the results suggest that countries in each quadrant share different characteristics and that factors underlying country-movement varies according to the quadrant being observed. Overall, countries with less corruption and higher education are likely to experience increases in both forest cover and GDP per capita, while countries exporting a significant proportion of forest products have a reduced probability of increasing both variables.Economic well-being, forest cover, institutions, corruption, education
XPS and XMCD study of Fe3O4/GaAs interface
Ultrathin Fe oxide films of various thicknesses prepared by post-growth oxidation on GaAs(100) surface have been investigated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NPS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). The XPS confirms that the surfaces of the oxide are Fe3O4 rather than Fe2O3. XAS and XMCD measurements indicate the presence of nsulating Fe divalent oxide phases (FeO) beneath the surface Fe-3 O-4 layer with the sample thickness above 4 mn. This FeO might act as a barrier for the spin injection into the GaAs
- …