Iron-mediated stabilization of soil carbon amplifies the benefits of ecological restoration in degraded lands

Recent observations across a 14‐year restoration chronosequence have shown an unexpected accumulation of soil organic carbon in strip‐mined areas of central Brazil. This was attributed to the rapid plant colonization that followed the incorporation of biosolids into exposed regoliths, but the specific mechanisms involved in the stabilization of carbon inputs from the vegetation remained unclear. Using isotopic and elemental analyses, we tested the hypothesis that plant‐derived carbon accumulation was triggered by the formation of iron‐coordinated complexes, stabilized into physically protected (occluded) soil fractions. Confirming this hypothesis, we identified a fast formation of microaggregates shortly after the application of iron‐rich biosolids, which was characterized by a strong association between pyrophosphate‐extractable iron and plant‐derived organic matter. The formation of microaggregates preceded the development of macroaggregates, which drastically increased soil carbon content (~140 Mg C/ha) a few years after restoration. Consistent with previous theoretical work, iron‐coordinated organic complexes served as nuclei for aggregate formation, reflecting the synergistic effect of biological, chemical, and physical mechanisms of carbon stabilization in developing soils. Nevertheless, iron was not the only factor affecting soil carbon content. The highest carbon accumulation was observed during the period of highest plant diversity (\u3e30 species; years 3–6), declining significantly with the exclusion of native species by invasive grasses (years 9–14). Furthermore, the increasing dominance of invasive grasses was associated with a steady decline in the concentration of soil nitrogen and phosphorus per unit of accumulated carbon. These results demonstrate the importance of interdependent ecological and biogeochemical processes, and the role of soil–plant interactions in determining the success of restoration efforts. In contrast with previous but unsuccessful attempts to restore mined areas through nutrient application alone, iron‐mediated stabilization of vegetation inputs favored the regeneration of a barren stable state that had persisted for over five decades since disturbance. The effectiveness of coupled organic matter and iron “fertilization,” combined with management of invasive species, has the possibility to enhance terrestrial carbon sequestration and accelerate the restoration of degraded lands, while addressing important challenges associated with urban waste disposal

O DISCURSO DA EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NO NEOLIBERALISMO

A veracidade de se pensar e realizar a educação de diversas e diferentes formas voz traz a possibilidade de construir e delimitar perspectivas e epistemologias particulares, o que inclui a Educação Ambiental (EA) e sua insurgência com o movimento ambientalista. Contudo, as pautas reivindicadas por este movimento foram sendo incorporadas ao aparato do sistema hegemônico do neoliberalismo, apropriando discursos e conceitos que poderiam fraturar cada vez mais o sistema vigente. Nesta perspectiva, este ensaio nos conduz à reflexão da apropriação do neoliberalismo no que confere aos discursos da EA e do âmbito educacional, especificamente do currículo, para a manutenção do status quo. Propomos em contraposição o aprofundamento dos debates e reflexões em torno da EA crítica, da Ecologia Política e da Epistemologia Ambiental, os quais possuem potenciais de mitigação e transformação gradativa da relação sociedade-natureza. Assim, ressaltamos a essencialidade destas discussões, tendo em vista nossa relação com a natureza, a crise ambiental e as mudanças do clima, tão bem como nosso modo de produção científica

“Os filhos dos filhos dos nossos filhos verão?” A novela Pantanal e a Educação Ambiental em Mato Grosso do Sul

O bioma pantaneiro tem atualmente grande notoriedade diante da exibição da telenovela ‘Pantanal”, gravada na região sul-mato-grossense, local com cenários turísticos, de imensa biodiversidade e aspectos que são transmitidos em “horário nobre” pela televisão brasileira. Na telenovela, são tratadas temáticas relevantes acerca das questões socioambientais, como a produção agropecuária sustentável, a relação da sociedade com a terra em uma perspectiva afetiva, a utilização de tecnologias limpas, problemas ambientais locais como queimadas, seca, extinção de espécies e as ações antrópicas na região. Dando ênfase a isto, optou-se pela discussão dos temas na ótica da Educação Ambiental. Assim, considerando a obra televisiva, apresentou-se uma discussão sobre como essa literatura pode corroborar com a reflexão das questões socioambientais presentes no bioma Pantanal, sobretudo na contribuição dos temas relacionadas às políticas públicas de Educação Ambiental, concernente aos processos jurídicos e educacionais presentes à constituição da dimensão ambiental numa perspectiva crítica. Deste modo, identificou-se diálogos entre os personagens a respeito de fake news e o negacionismo presente atualmente em discursos de cunho socioambiental. Ademais, os temas que são de ordem econômica, política, cultural e ambiental devem ser discutidos numa abordagem interdisciplinar e/ou transversal entre os componentes curriculares como Ciências, Biologia, Geografia, Matemática, História etc

Ecological network complexity scales with area

Larger geographical areas contain more species—an observation raised to a law in ecology. Less explored is whether biodiversity changes are accompanied by a modification of interaction networks. We use data from 32 spatial interaction networks from different ecosystems to analyse how network structure changes with area. We find that basic community structure descriptors (number of species, links and links per species) increase with area following a power law. Yet, the distribution of links per species varies little with area, indicating that the fundamental organization of interactions within networks is conserved. Our null model analyses suggest that the spatial scaling of network structure is determined by factors beyond species richness and the number of links. We demonstrate that biodiversity–area relationships can be extended from species counts to higher levels of network complexity. Therefore, the consequences of anthropogenic habitat destruction may extend from species loss to wider simplification of natural communities.This work was supported by the TULIP Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-41 and 394 ANR-11-IDEX-002-02) to J.M.M., by a Region Midi-Pyrenees project (CNRS 121090) to J.M.M., and by the FRAGCLIM Consolidator Grant (726176) to J.M.M. from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program. The study was also supported by Spanish MICINN projects CGL2009-12646, CSD2008-0040 and CGL2013-41856 to J.B. and A.R. C.E. was funded through the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP 2015/15172-7). V.A.G.B. was funded by National Funds through FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology under the Project UIDB/05183/2020. W.T. received funding from the ERA-Net BiodivERsA—Belmont Forum, with the national funder Agence National pour la Recherche (FutureWeb: ANR-18-EBI4–0009 and BearConnect: ANR-16-EBI3-0003).Peer reviewe

Genome of Herbaspirillum seropedicae Strain SmR1, a Specialized Diazotrophic Endophyte of Tropical Grasses

The molecular mechanisms of plant recognition, colonization, and nutrient exchange between diazotrophic endophytes and plants are scarcely known. Herbaspirillum seropedicae is an endophytic bacterium capable of colonizing intercellular spaces of grasses such as rice and sugar cane. The genome of H. seropedicae strain SmR1 was sequenced and annotated by The Paraná State Genome Programme—GENOPAR. The genome is composed of a circular chromosome of 5,513,887 bp and contains a total of 4,804 genes. The genome sequence revealed that H. seropedicae is a highly versatile microorganism with capacity to metabolize a wide range of carbon and nitrogen sources and with possession of four distinct terminal oxidases. The genome contains a multitude of protein secretion systems, including type I, type II, type III, type V, and type VI secretion systems, and type IV pili, suggesting a high potential to interact with host plants. H. seropedicae is able to synthesize indole acetic acid as reflected by the four IAA biosynthetic pathways present. A gene coding for ACC deaminase, which may be involved in modulating the associated plant ethylene-signaling pathway, is also present. Genes for hemagglutinins/hemolysins/adhesins were found and may play a role in plant cell surface adhesion. These features may endow H. seropedicae with the ability to establish an endophytic life-style in a large number of plant species

Otimização do estoque com a utilização do sistema kanban

Esta estudo apresenta a aplicabilidade dos conceitos de Just in Time (JIT) e Kanban em modelos de gestão de estoques para ambientes descentralizados e sem integração tecnológica estruturada. Os produtos são materiais de suprimentos para impressão, copias, encadernação e manutenção de equipamentos de um grande fabricante mundial de maquinas de copiadoras, situado no rio de janeiro, que terceiriza a operação de copias e outros serviços gráficos em empresas nacionais, denominados sites. esses serviços são suportados por contratos que definem os níveis de serviço, com destaque para a qualidade e principalmente a continuidade da operação. o estudo visa formulação de uma proposta de operação e controle de estoque de forma a garantir o máximo de rentabilidade para o contratante com o mínimo de estoque de suprimentos, sem deixar de cumprir as cláusulas contratuais de níveis de serviço

P147 Association Between Inflammatory Markers of Low Intention and Arterial Stiffness

Abstract Extracellular and biochemical changes in the vessel contribute to the stiffening, this process is determinant for the increase of the Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) and subsequent increase of the central and brachial arterial pressures [1,2]. These vascular alterations are denominated of TOD (target organ damage) and represent a point of association between cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular events [2,3]. Chronic low-grade inflammation associated with endothelial dysfunction and increased number of biomarkers, such as ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), cytokines such as interleukins, fibrinogen, platelets, leukocytes and hematocrit [4,5,6]. Methods A cross-sectional exploratory study on a representative population of a community in Salvador-Bahia-Brazil. The data came from a including 301 individuals. 150 were initially assessed from December 2016 to May 2019. PWV measurement for the carotid-femoral by an ATCor SphygmoCor, data not demonstrated in this poster. Blood samples were collected to biochemistry analysis, ADVIA1800® (SiemensHealthcare Japan/Canada). The committee for research on human was done. Results The data show a predominance of women (65%). Changes in leukocytes, platelets and hematocrit were more prevalent in men, as observed in Table 1. Mean values of changes in ultra-sensitive CRP values were higher in women (0.43) than in men (0, 25). Conclusion Studies correlate the markers evaluated in this study as positive predictive factors for arterial stiffening. Data from the literature show these preliminary changes present in the male population, as observed in our population. The cytokines IL-1, 6 and 18, the chemokines MCP-1 and 3 and the adhesion molecules VCAM, ICAM are being evaluated to better respond to these findings. Table 1 WBC HEMATOCRIT PLATELETS Column B vs Column A WBC vs WBC Ht WOMAN vs Ht MAN PLAT WOMAN vs PLAT MAN Unpaired t-test p-value 0.0004 0.0246 0.0337 p-value summary *** * * Significantly different (p < 0.05)? Yes Yes Yes One- or two-tailed p-value? Two-tailed Two-tailed Two-tailed t, df t = 4.840, df = 12 t = 2.980, df = 6 t = 2.397, df = 12 How big is the difference? Mean of column A 8950 −3.567 311.3 Mean of column B 5767 3.167 250.2 Difference between means (B - A) ± SEM −3183 ± 657.7 1.197 −61.09 ± 25.49 95% confidence interval −4616 to −1750 −6.496 to -0.6378 −116.6 to −5.553 R squared (eta squared) 0.6613 0.5968 0.323

Biology and preferred oviposition site of the Mahanarva indentata Froghopper (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) on sugarcane

The froghopper Mahanarva indentata (Walker) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) is an economically important pest of sugarcane in Brazil. With the purpose of complementing various biological studies of the froghopper species associated with sugarcane, this research was developed to describe the morphology, and development of the eggs, nymphs and adults of M. indentata, as well as aspects of its reproductive biology and oviposition site preference. The study was conducted in a greenhouse of the Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV). Sugarcane plants of the cultivar, ‘RB867515’, at 60 days after planting were used to feed the insects. The information was obtained at 26 ± 2 °C, 70% ± 10% RH and 14:10 h L:D. Mean egg development lasted 36 days with 95% of egg viability. The nymphal phase with 5 instars lasted an average of 62 days with 65.84% survival. Adult males and females lived 12 and 20 days respectively. The durations of the pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods were 9.57 ± 0.80 days, 7.78 ± 1.14 days and 2.60 ± 0.57 days, respectively. Average fecundity was 38.2 eggs per female and total generation time (adult - egg) was 99 days. All adult females showed an oviposition preference for the abaxial surface of the sugarcane leaf and specifically for the basal portion of the leaf where 72% of the eggs were deposited. The newly acquired information on M. indentata reinforces the need to define differences between the various Mahanarva species related to their biology and management, since this is a very important pest of the sugarcane production in Brazil.A cigarrinha Mahanarva indentata (Walker) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae), destaca-se como praga de importância econômica para os canaviais do Brasil devido sua ampla distribuição nos Estados do Paraná, São Paulo, Minas Gerais e Bahia. Com o propósito de complementar os estudos da biologia de espécies de cigarrinhas associadas à cana-de-açúcar, desenvolveu-se essa pesquisa para descrever a morfologia, as durações das fases de ovo, ninfa e adulto além dos aspectos da biologia reprodutiva e da preferência por sítio de oviposição da M. indentata. O bioensaio foi conduzido em casa de vegetação do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV). Plantas de cana-de-açúcar da variedade RB867515 com 60 dias após o plantio foram utilizadas para alimentação dos insetos. Os dados foram obtidos sob temperatura de 26 ± 2 °C, UR 70% ± 10% e fotoperíodo de 14 horas. A duração da fase de ovo foi de 36 dias e viabilidade de 95%. A fase de ninfa, com cinco instares, teve duração média de 62 dias e viabilidade de 65,84%. As longevidades de machos e de fêmeas foram de 12 e 20 dias respectivamente, com período de pré-oviposição de 9 dias e oviposição de 7 dias. A fecundidade média foi de 38,2 ovos/fêmea e a duração do ciclo de vida (ovo-adulto) de 99 dias. As fêmeas não exibiram flexibilidade pelos substratos de oviposição, com 100% de preferência pela face abaxial das folhas de plantas de cana-de-açúcar. Quanto ao sítio de oviposição na folha, detectou-se a preferência pela região basal com 72% dos ovos. Na região intermediária encontraram-se 28% dos ovos, enquanto que no ápice da folha não houve oviposição. Novas informações a partir desta espécie expande nossa compreensão da necessidade de delinear diferenças comuns entre as espécies de Mahanarva com relação à sua biologia, diante da importância que essa praga apresenta na cultura da cana-de-açúcar no Brasil

Appendix C. In situ measurements of soil infiltration capacity conducted after the incorporation of biosolids and arrival of colonizing plants.

In situ measurements of soil infiltration capacity conducted after the incorporation of biosolids and arrival of colonizing plants