A Rare Presentation of Invasive Tuberculosis of the Central Nervous System in an Immunocompetent Patient in a Nonendemic Country.

We herein report a rare case of a 25-year-old immunocompetent male patient with disseminated tuberculosis of central nervous system (CNS), first presenting as multiple cerebral lesions with no meningeal involvement. Subsequent diagnostic workup disclosed extensive peritoneal involvement. A broad differential diagnosis was considered, including neoplastic and infectious diseases. The diagnosis was confirmed with positive PCR result for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the biopsied mesenteric tissue. The patient was started on tuberculostatic regimen with favorable outcome. No acquired or hereditary immunodeficiency was documented. Disseminated tuberculosis in immunocompetent individuals is extremely rare. Genetic susceptibility factors have been reported in individuals with extensive forms of the disease and a high index of suspicion is required, as observed in our case.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Un dilema bioético a propósito de los antipsicóticos

Dado que la práctica clínica actual de la psiquiatría con los pacientes psicóticos se realiza sin contar con su colaboración, sin informar del tratamiento farmacológico y sus efectos y sus posibles alternativas, y utiliza la coerción para hacer que permanezcan en tratamiento durante años, es comprensible que cuando se encuentran efectos indeseados graves de los antipsicóticos no se informe de los mismos a los pacientes y sus familias. En un dilema así se ha encontrado la investigadora Nancy Andreasen al objetivar efectos graves de los fármacos y, como en la corriente clínica habitual, decidió no informar de sus resultados. En el escrito se reflexiona sobre ese dilema y las cuestiones que se imbrican en el mismo

Crossover from Endogenous to Exogenous Activity in Open-Source Software Development

We have investigated the origin of fluctuations in the aggregated behaviour of an open-source software community. In a recent series of papers, de Menezes and co-workers have shown how to separate internal dynamics from external fluctuations by capturing the simultaneous activity of many system's components. In spite of software development being a planned activity, the analysis of fluctuations reveals how external driving forces can be only observed at weekly and higher time scales. Hourly and higher change frequencies mostly relate to internal maintenance activities. There is a crossover from endogenous to exogenous activity depending on the average number of file changes. This new evidence suggests that software development is a non-homogeneous design activity where stronger efforts focus in a few project files. The crossover can be explained with a Langevin equation associated to the cascading process, where changes to any file trigger additional changes to its neighbours in the software network. In addition, analysis of fluctuations enables us to detect whether a software system can be decomposed in several subsystems with different development dynamics.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Europhysics Letter

The Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog D (RbohD) Cell and Tissue Distribution in Potato-Potato Virus Y (PVYNTN) Hypersensitive and Susceptible Reactions

The respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RbohD) acts as a central driving force of reactive oxygen species signaling in plant cells by integrating many different signal transduction pathways in plants, including incompatible interactions with pathogens. This study demonstrated the localization and distribution of RbohD in two types of potato-potato virus Y (PVY) interactions: Compatible and incompatible (resistant). The results indicated a statistically significant induction of the RbohD antigen signal in both interaction types. In the hypersensitive response (resistant reaction) of potato with a high level of resistance to the potato tuber necrotic strain of PVY (PVYNTN), RbohD localization followed by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection was concentrated in the apoplast. In contrast, in the hypersensitive response of potato with a low resistance level to PVYNTN, the distribution of RbohD was concentrated more in the plant cell organelles than in the apoplast, resulting in the virus particles being present outside the inoculation area. Moreover, when compared to mock-inoculated plants and to the hypersensitive response, the PVYNTN-compatible potato interaction triggered high induction in the RbohD distribution, which was associated with necrotization. Our findings indicated that RbohD and hydrogen peroxide deposition was associated with the hypersensitive response, and both were detected in the vascular tissues and chloroplasts. These results suggest that the RbohD distribution is actively dependent on different types of PVY (NTN)-potato plant interactions. Additionally, the RbohD may be involved in the PVYNTN tissue limitation during the hypersensitive response, and it could be an active component of the systemic signal transduction in the susceptible host reaction

Genetic study in patients operated dentally and anesthetized with articaine-epinephrine

Aims: In this study we wanted to figure out if there was a correlation between OPRM1 N40D, TRPV1 I316M, TRPV1 I585V, NOS3 −786T>C and IL6 −174C>G polymorphisms and the response to locally applied articaine-epinephrine anesthetic. Methods: In this observational study, 114 oral cell samples of patients anesthetized with articaine-epinephrine (54 from men 60 from women), were collected from dental centers in Madrid (Spain). High molecular weight DNA was obtained from oral mucosa cells. The analysis of OPRM1 N40D (rs1799971), TRPV1 I316M (rs222747), TRPV1 I585V (rs8065080) and IL6 −174C>G polymorphism was performed through real-time PCR allelic discrimination using TaqMan probes. Polymorphism NOS3 −786T> C (rs2070744) was analyzed using RFLP-PCR. Results: The studied polymorphisms are involved neither in the response to the anesthetic, nor in the intensity of perceived dental pain. However, in a subset of female patients we found that TRPV1 I316M was associated with a delayed onset of anesthesia. Conclusions: There is no association among these polymorphisms and the time elapsed between the application of the anesthetic and the onset of its effect

Evidence for a satellite RNA associated naturally with the U5 strain and experimentally with the U1 strain of tobacco mosaic virus

Isolates of tobacco mosaic virus strain U5 (TMV-U5) from native Nicotiana glauca plants induced the accumulation of a dsRNA (mol. wt. 0-6 × 10 6) in infected plants that was more abundant than the replicative form (RF) dsRNA of TMV (mol. wt. 4-3 X]06). Some but not all subcultures of such a field isolate obtained from single local lesions on N. tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc, had lost the ability to induce the 0-6 x 106 mol. wt. dsRNA. Co-inoculation experiments in N. silvestris established that the dsRNA could accumulate in plants infected with TMV-UI, but to a lesser extent than when associated with TMV-U5. A ssRNA (mol. wt. 0.3 × 106) was isolated from plants containing the dsRNA. This was not infectious by itself but became so when associated with TMV-U5 or TMV-U1, and then induced the accumulation of the 0.6 x 106 dsRNA. Plants infected with TMV-U5 isolates which did or did not induce the 0.6 × 106 dsRNA had identical symptoms. The host range of the 0.3 x 106 ssRNA was the same as that of the TMV strain with which it was associated in each of the 20 experimental hosts tested. Complementary DNA transcribed from purified 0.6 × 106 dsRNA did not hybridize with RF and other dsRNAs of TMV,U5, TMV-U 1, tobacco necrosis virus, potato virus X, citrus tristeza virus, and cucumber mosaic virus + CARNA 5, but the cDNA did hybridize with the 0.6 × l06 mol. wt. dsRNA and the 0.3 × 106 mol. wt. ssRNA found only in plants containing this dsRNA. The results indicate that the 0-6 × 106 dsRNA is the RF of a satellite RNA of TMV. Purified nucleoprotein from plants infected with TMV-U5 and the satellite RNA were infectious for the satellite RNA, but the nature of encapsidation of the satellite RNA has yet to be determined

Controlling Excitations Inversion of a Cooper Pair Box Interacting with a Nanomechanical Resonator

We investigate the action of time dependent detunings upon the excitation inversion of a Cooper pair box interacting with a nanomechanical resonator. The method employs the Jaynes-Cummings model with damping, assuming different decay rates of the Cooper pair box and various fixed and t-dependent detunings. It is shown that while the presence of damping plus constant detunings destroy the collapse/revival effects, convenient choices of time dependent detunings allow one to reconstruct such events in a perfect way. It is also shown that the mean excitation of the nanomechanical resonator is more robust against damping of the Cooper pair box for convenient values of t-dependent detunings.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure