Von Bezold assimilation effect reverses in stereoscopic conditions

Lightness contrast and lightness assimilation are opposite phenomena: in contrast, grey targets appear darker when bordering bright surfaces (inducers) rather than dark ones; in assimilation, the opposite occurs. The question is: which visual process favours the occurrence of one phenomenon over the other? Researchers provided three answers to this question. The first asserts that both phenomena are caused by peripheral processes; the second attributes their occurrence to central processes; and the third claims that contrast involves central processes, whilst assimilation involves peripheral ones. To test these hypotheses, an experiment on an IT system equipped with goggles for stereo vision was run. Observers were asked to evaluate the lightness of a grey target, and two variables were systematically manipulated: (i) the apparent distance of the inducers; and (ii) brightness of the inducers. The retinal stimulation was kept constant throughout, so that the peripheral processes remained the same. The results show that the lightness of the target depends on both variables. As the retinal stimulation was kept constant, we conclude that central mechanisms are involved in both lightness contrast and lightness assimilation

Perinatal and social risk of poor language, memory, and learning outcomes in a cohort of extremely and very preterm children

Children born extremely preterm (EPT) or very preterm (VPT) are at risk of neurodevelopmental impairment. How the interaction between biological and social risk factors affects cognitive development has not yet been completely understood. The objectives of this study are to analyze and compare the language, memory, and learning outcomes of five-year-old children born EPT (<28 weeks’ gestational age) and VPT (28–31+6 weeks’ gestational age) and to determine the risk of having poor outcomes attending to perinatal and maternal characteristics. The analysis included 377 children born VPT (n = 284) and EPT (n = 93) in 2011–2012. Maternal, neonatal, and clinical information was obtained at birth, and maternal education was obtained at five years using a parental questionnaire. At five years, the language, memory, and learning outcomes were assessed with the developmental NEuroPSYchological assessment second edition (NEPSY-II®). Logistic regression models were applied to assess the association of biological and social risk factors with performance below the expected level for the child’s age in language, memory, and learning subtests. Lower maternal age and education increased the odds of having language performance below the expected level for the child’s age, while lower maternal educational level and gestational age increased the likelihood of having memory performance below the expected level. Children living in the most social disadvantage contexts are at a higher risk of suboptimal cognitive development. Implementing intervention programs in disadvantaged contexts and targeting specific cognitive domains may enable EPT and VPT children to reach and fulfill their potential in society. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.This work is financed by national funding through the FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., in the scope of the projects UIDB/04750/2020 e LA/P/0064/2020

Biodiversidade, biotecnologia e organismos transgênicos.

Esta publicação tem a finalidade de esclarecer dúvidas que porventura ainda persistam quanto a aplicabilidade de plantas transgêncas para o beneficio da qualidade alimentar e nutricional. Traz em seu bojo, a converg~encia entre biodiversidade, biotecnologia e fundamentos técnico-científicos para a geração de organismos geneticamente modificados (OGMs)

Melhoramento genético na seringueira (Hevea sp).

Descrição sumária da metodologia utilizada na obtenção dos clones das séries Fx e IAN. Clones recomendados para plantio. A fase atual do melhoramento genético da seringueira.bitstream/item/198257/1/Melhoramento-Genetico-na-Seringueira.pdfTrabalho apresentado no 4º Curso Intensivo de Heveicultura para Técnicos Agrícolas, 1980, Manaus

Possibilidades da cultura do dende na Amazonia.

bitstream/item/90613/1/1736.pd

Pesquisa de seringueira e dendê.

Antecedentes. Objetivos do CNPSD. PNP de Seringueira. PNP de Dendê. Resultados e ações de pesquisa

Expressão de caracteres em seringueira e obtenção de clones produtivos e resistentes ao mal-das-folhas.

RESUMO - Em termos gerais, este trabalho apresenta metodologia de pesquisa com seringueira (Hevea spp.), visando a obtenção dé clones produtivos e com resistência permanente ao fungo Micro cyclus ulei Mostra, também, aspectos relacionados com a influência de genes maiores na expressãn de caracteres e suas relações com o ataque de praga e doença, bem como o nível atual de conhecimentos da interação hospedeiro x patógeno x ambiente no referente ao mal-das-folhas da seringueira. ABSTRACT - In general terms, this report shows a research methodology with rubber tree (Neves spp) for obtainment of produtive clones with permanent resistance to fungi Microcyclus ulei. It also shows aspects in relation to major influence of genes in characters and their relations with attack of pest and disease and atual level of knowledgement of host x guest x environment interaction in relation to the rubber tree South American Leaf Blight.Título em inglês: Characters expression in rubber tree and obtainment of clones with production and resistance to south american leaf blight

Estévia.

Viabilidade socioeconômica do desenvolvimento agroindustrial da estévia; Botânica; Aspectos bioquímicos e organolépticos dos princípios ativos; Produção de sementes e mudas; Nutrição e adubação; Controle de plantas daninhas; Ocorrência de doenças e pragas; Irrigação; Colheita, secagem e armazenamento das folhas; Comercialização das folhas.bitstream/item/103385/1/SP5-2004.pd

Impact of Molecular Architecture and Adsorption Density on Adhesion of Mussel-Inspired Surface Primers with Catechol-Cation Synergy.

Marine mussels secrete proteins rich in residues containing catechols and cationic amines that displace hydration layers and adhere to charged surfaces under water via a cooperative binding effect known as catechol-cation synergy. Mussel-inspired adhesives containing paired catechol and cationic functionalities are a promising class of materials for biomedical applications, but few studies address the molecular adhesion mechanism(s) of these materials. To determine whether intramolecular adjacency of these functionalities is necessary for robust adhesion, a suite of siderophore analog surface primers was synthesized with systematic variations in intramolecular spacing between catechol and cationic functionalities. Adhesion measurements conducted with a surface forces apparatus (SFA) allow adhesive failure to be distinguished from cohesive failure and show that the failure mode depends critically on the siderophore analog adsorption density. The adhesion of these molecules to muscovite mica in an aqueous electrolyte solution demonstrates that direct intramolecular adjacency of catechol and cationic functionalities is not necessary for synergistic binding. However, we show that increasing the catechol-cation spacing by incorporating nonbinding domains results in decreased adhesion, which we attribute to a decrease in the density of catechol functionalities. A mechanism for catechol-cation synergy is proposed based on electrostatically driven adsorption and subsequent binding of catechol functionalities. This work should guide the design of new adhesives for binding to charged surfaces in saline environments

Efeito da seleção massal estratificada em duas populações de milho e na heterose dos seus cruzamentos.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar os efeitos da selecao massal estratificada na producao de graos das populacoes de milho (Zea mays L.), Dente Paulista e Cateto Minas Gerais e no desempenho dos hibridos entre estas populacoes, em varios ciclos de selecao. O Dente Paulista foi submetido a cinco ciclos de selecao e o Minas Gerais a tres ciclos. Os experimentos, no delineamento latice, foram conduzidos em tres locais, totalizando quatro diferentes ambientes e 32 repeticoes. Foram aplicados modelos matematicos adequados visando estimar e testar o progresso obtido nas variedades e as modificacoes sofridas pela heterose e pela producao dos hibridos. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a selecao recorrente intrapopulacional aplicada refletiu negativamente sobre a producao de graos do hibrido interpopulacional nos ciclos mais avancados de selecao