SANS studies of liquid crystalline microemulsion gels

We have investigated by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) the ternary system containing water, alkane and the surfactant mixture benzyltetradecyldimethylammonium chloride and tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, which we have found to form a cubic liquid crystalline phase. A contrast variation experiment with equal volume fractions of water and oil showed three Bragg reflections varying in agreement with theoretically calculated scattering amplitudes for an infinite periodic minimal surface (IPMS) with cubic symmetry. We have, in addition, studied the “ringing” gel phases of the system water/octane/didodecyldimethylammonium bromide by SANS and electron microscopy

Governmentality and the Arts That Matter: Producing the Conformed, Flexible and Creative Pupil Since the Turn of the 20th Century

This article seeks to describe the historical derivations, continuities and displacements that have led to the widely consensual contemporary narratives, adopted by governmental entities and international policymakers, concerning the benefits of the arts to education and the constitution of personal identity. A history of the present approach is used to unveil the strategic purposes of a biopower, which, at its very origin, had efficiently correlated the promotion and inculcation of artistic values with the normalization of infant and child populations. To this end, we propose an analysis of two historical moments – at the turn of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century – in which aesthetic experiences, practices of the self and governmental rationalities were articulated in order to produce specific kinds of social actors and manage their fates

Creative Planning dan Strategi Pengembangan Pesan Komunikasi Pemasaran pada PT Kreasi Kode Digital

CREATIVE PLANNING DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN PESAN KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN PADA PT KREASI KODE DIGITAL Oleh : Cindy Vallera Laporan magang ini berisi tentang kegiatan penulis sebagai peserta magang di PT Kreasi Kode Digital (Codify). PT Kreasi Kode Digital (Codify) merupakan sebuah software house yang berada dibawah naungan MacroAd, PT Pulau Pulau Media yang merupakan perusahaan Indonesia yang berjalan di bidang advertising. PT Kreasi Kode Digital (Codify) memberikan solusi dan kontribusi dalam bidang creative dan teknologi digital kepada seluruh client. Penulis mendapatkan bagian sebagai Creative & Campaign Planner dalam magang ini. Kegiatan magang bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana membuat creative planning dan strategi pengembangan pesan komunikasi pemasaran dalam lapangan khususnya pada PT Kreasi Kode Digital (Codify). Dalam melaksanakan praktek kerja magang yang menempati divisi Creative & Campaign Planner pekerjaan yang dilakukan penulis beragam sesuai dengan tugas seorang Creative & Campaign Planner. Selama kurang lebih tiga bulan melakukan praktek kerja magang di Codify, penulis memiliki aktivitas untuk mencari dan mengembangkan ide beserta konsep-konsep yang akan direalisasikan. Penulis juga diberikan arahan dan pembelajaran pada setiap aktivitasnya, seperti cara membuat ide dan mengemasnya kedalam konsep secara menarik serta mengaplikasikannya dengan tujuan dapat menarik awareness konsumen. Kegiatan penulis selama praktek kerja magang antara lain, melakukan briefing dan meeting dengan tim markon, tim IT dalam perancangan pelaksanaan LINIPOIN di event Earth Festival, melakukan brief dengan tim design dalam perancakan konsep permainan baru LINIPOIN yaitu LINISTACKO dan membuat push notification serta membantu pembuatan proposal untuk sponsor. Hasil yang didapatkan selama kegiatan magang berlangsung penulis dapat memahami perencanaan event, membuat proposal sponsorship untu klien, membuat push notification untuk menarik awareness konsumen di PT Kreasi Kode Digital (Codify)

Strategi Social Media Marketing Kopi Chuseyo dalam Menciptakan Brand Awarenesss

Kopi Chuseyo merupakan salah satu kafe yang memanfaatkan media sosial sebagai sarana pemasaran. Kopi Chuseyo mengklaim dirinya sebagai "The Only K-Pop Hub in the Nation" karena Kopi Chuseyo mampu menerapkan strategi pesan yang baik dalam strategi social media marketing yang dilakukan untuk menciptakan brand awareness lewat Instagram. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi social media marketing Kopi Chuseyo dalam menciptakan brand awareness. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep komunikasi pemasaran, yang terdiri dari segmenting, targetting, dan positioning, konsep social media marketing SOSCTAC, strategi pesan efektif serta brand awareness. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif yang menggunakan metode studi kasus. Data pada penelitian ini diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan informan yang merupakan pemilik sekaligus pendiri Kopi Chuseyo dan admin media sosial Kopi Chuseyo, serta observasi pada akun Instagram @Kopichuseyo.id. Keabsahan data pada penelitian ini dijamin dengan melakukan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teori. Data yang di dapat dianalisis dengan metode pattern-matching. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan strategi social media marketing Kopi Chuseyo khususnya di Instagram, dengan metode SOSTAC Framework serta pemanfaatan Instagram sebagai jembatan komunikasi yang dilakukan oleh Kopi Chuseyo. Kopi Chuseyo juga menerapkan strategi pesan efektif dalam strategi social media marketing-nya untuk menjalin komunikasi dengan konsumennya. Strategi social media marketing dengan penyampaian pesan efektif tersebut dapat mendukung penyampaian event, give away dan kegiatan lain yang dilakukan oleh Kopi Chuseyo kepada konsumennya, sehingga dapat menciptakan brand awareness

Highly specific PCR-RFLP assays for karyotyping the widespread 2Rb inversion in malaria vectors of the Anopheles gambiae complex

Background: Chromosomal inversion polymorphisms play a role in adaptation to heterogeneous environments. Inversion polymorphisms are implicated in the very high ecological flexibility of the three main malaria vector species of the Afrotropical Anopheles gambiae complex, facilitating the exploitation of anthropogenic environmental modifications and promoting a strong association with humans. In addition to extending the species' spatial and temporal distribution, inversions are associated with epidemiologically relevant mosquito behavior and physiology, underscoring their medical importance. We here present novel PCR-RFLP based assays strongly predictive of genotype for the cosmopolitan 2Rb inversion in An. coluzzii and An. gambiae, a development which overcomes the numerous constraints inherent to traditional cytological karyotyping. Methods: We designed PCR-RFLP genotyping assays based on tag SNPs previously computationally identified as strongly predictive (> 95%) of 2Rb genotype. We targeted those tags whose alternative allelic states destroyed or created the recognition site of a commercially available restriction enzyme, and designed assays with distinctive cleavage profiles for each inversion genotype. The assays were validated on 251 An. coluzzii and 451 An. gambiae cytologically karyotyped specimens from nine countries across Africa and one An. coluzzii laboratory colony. Results: For three tag SNPs, PCR-RFLP assays (denoted DraIII, MspAI, and TatI) reliably produced robust amplicons and clearly distinguishable electrophoretic profiles for all three inversion genotypes. Results obtained with the DraIII assay are ≥ 95% concordant with cytogenetic assignments in both species, while MspAI and TatI assays produce patterns highly concordant with cytogenetic assignments only in An. coluzzii or An. gambiae, respectively. Joint application of species-appropriate pairs of assays increased the concordance levels to > 99% in An. coluzzii and 98% in An. gambiae. Potential sources of discordance (e.g. imperfect association between tag and inversion, allelic dropout, additional polymorphisms in the restriction target site, incomplete or failed restriction digestion) are discussed. Conclusions: The availability of highly specific, cost effective and accessible molecular assays for genotyping 2Rb in An. gambiae and An. coluzzii allows karyotyping of both sexes and all developmental stages. These novel tools will accelerate deeper investigations into the role of this ecologically and epidemiologically important chromosomal inversion in vector biology.[Figure not available: see fulltext.

“Torna-te o que deves ser” : uma história da polícia como genealogia da escola moderna (meados do século XVII – segunda metade do século XVIII)

Esta tese – “Torna-­te o que deves ser”: Uma história da polícia como genealogia da escola moderna (meados do século XVII – segunda metade do século XVIII) – versa sobre o encontro histórico entre polícia e educação. Conceitos tendencialmente desvinculados no ocidente desde que, a partir do século XIX, os Estados-­nação começaram a instituir, sedimentar e reformar quer os diferentes ramos das forças de segurança pública, quer os seus sistemas de ensino nacionais. Propõe-se ao leitor uma viagem desfamiliarizante em direcção a um tempo antes das instituições policiais e escolares tais como as conhecemos hoje, no decurso da qual o termo “polícia” vai sofrendo sucessivas inflexões no sentido de desocultar os modos como se relacionava com a temática educacional. Começando pela polícia de segurança pública em contexto urbano, passando pela “polícia geral do Estado” na Europa continental do século XVIII e culminando, por fim, na polícia como forma de governo que se refere à “produção da conformidade”, este extenso e sinuoso périplo procura não só demonstrar que diferentes concepções da polícia dizem respeito a modos distintos do historiador se relacionar com o passado, senão também que o aluno moderno foi – e continua hoje a ser – essencialmente concebido como um sujeito de polícia

O sábio-aprendiz e o efêmero lugar da escrita: para uma ética da inventividade acadêmica

This article attempts to open up the possibility of debating the writing process as both an individual and shared academic experience. It proposes a discussion on the historically contingent hindrances that affect the production and circulation of academic texts, based on specific concepts drawn from two dissertations in the field of history of education. Both provide conceptual tools aimed at displaying the connection between past and present ontology of education: the notions of police and genius. The denaturalization of these contemporary notions is used as a topical, tailor-made solution devised to temporarily suspend the historical endurance of two familiar characters: the scholar and the apprentice. It is further argued that these polarized and complementary personae are incapacitated by the positions of authority and ingenuity in which they have been cast in relation to the creative process. First, a particular concept of police is devised to analyze the subject of the scholar's authority. Secondly, the genius is identified as a naïve apprentice. As a result of this exercise, it became possible to circumvent both the certainty of the scholar's prescriptive discourse and the inexperienced student's fear of writing by resorting to the ambivalent image of the scholar-apprentice: the ephemeral status of the writer when conducting his research. This dialog is rooted in the post-structural perception of life as a work of art, interpreted as the ability to critically ponder the possibility of simultaneously embodying the subject and the object of one's own writing.Este texto procura abrir a possibilidade de se discutir, em conjunto, os processos próprios da escrita, vividos individualmente, mas partilhados na condição comum de alunos de doutoramento. Trata-se de promover uma discussão intensiva em torno dos bloqueios históricos que atingem a produção e a circulação dos textos acadêmicos, a partir de conceitos emanados de duas teses em história da educação. Nomeadamente, identificou-se em cada uma delas instrumentos singulares que realizam essa ligação entre o passado e o presente da ontologia da aprendizagem, a saber, os conceitos de polícia e de gênio. Apresenta-se a desnaturalização dessas noções do presente como solução local, artesanal e inteiramente irrepetível destinada a suspender a permanência histórica de figuras incapacitadas pela posição de autoridade e de ingenuidade em que se instalaram no processo de escrita inventiva. Em primeiro lugar, procurou-se pensar um conceito de polícia que permitisse analisar o problema da autoridade no sábio. Em segundo lugar, pretendeu-se identificar no gênio um aprendiz ingênuo. A partir desse duplo deslocamento, extraímos generalizações imputáveis à nossa escrita, contornando a segurança de quem fala (sábio) e o medo de quem escreve (aprendiz) com a personagem ambivalente do sábio-aprendiz, imagem do estatuto efêmero do pesquisador e do escritor recém-legitimado ainda por consagrar. O debate apoia-se no convite lançado pela literatura pós-estruturalista ao equacionar a vida enquanto obra de arte, traduzido aqui na possibilidade de refletir criticamente a respeito da virtualidade de se ser, simultaneamente, o sujeito e o objeto do seu próprio texto

A oficina do fragmento Método e processo historiográfico em Walter Benjamin

This article proposes a journey inside Walter Benjamin’s work from the perspective of its peculiar constructive fragmentarism. We set out to identify the methodological and epistemological principles that underpin Benjamin’s radically experimental brand of historiography, while relating them to the author’s existential status as an archivist-researcher or “operative writer” and to his own fateful destiny. The analysis focuses on a method grounded in the particular and based on the discontinuity and “concreteness” of material contents; the formation of a “monadological”, reticular and “constellational” type of historical knowledge that blasts images of the past out of the continuum of universal history; the collision between benjaminian “craft” and the theoretical demands of dialectical materialism espoused by his friends and contemporaries; the assemblage of a limitless intertextual mechanism and, finally, his advocacy of the author-producer figure, herald of an age to come where the text would become a “common good”.Este artigo propõe uma excursão pela obra de Walter Benjamin na perspectiva do fragmentarismo construtivo que a caracteriza. Procura-se capturar os princípios metodológicos e epistemológicos que subjazem à prática historiográfica em Benjamin, no que ela contém de radicalmente experimental, articulando-os quer com a sua condição de existência como investigador-arquivista ou “escritor operante”, quer com o seu fatídico destino pessoal. Examina-se um método focado no particular, na descontinuidade e na concretude dos teores coisais; a criação de um saber histórico monadológico, reticular e constelacional, que arranca imagens do passado à sequência contínua da história universal; o confronto do artesanato benjaminiano com as exigências teóricas do materialismo dialéctico perfilhado pelos seus amigos e contemporâneos; a montagem de um inesgotável dispositivo intertextual e, por fim, a defesa da figura do autor-produtor, arauto de um tempo por vir onde o texto se tornaria um “bem comum”

Radioimmunotoxin Therapy of Experimental Colon and Ovarian Cancer

To pursue the development of radiolabeled immunotoxins (RIT) for colon cancer, it was first necessary to identify an immunotoxin (IT) that could selectively kill colon cancer cell lines. Recently, our collaborators in the Vallera laboratory have observed that potent recombinant IT can be synthesized using recombinant single chain antibodies (sFv) spliced to truncated diphtheria toxin (DT) consisting of the first 390 amino acids of native DT. DT was chosen as a toxin because it is a catalytic bacterial toxin that is easily manipulated in genetic engineering studies. Also, the Vallera lab has developed new procedures for preparing the sFv fusion toxins from bacterial inclusion bodies such as DT and another good genetic engineering toxin pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) based on detergent refolding. This allows for enhanced yields and higher purity that is essential for generating the protein that will be needed for preparation of larger amounts of RIT for therapy. Many potential sFvs were considered for targeting colon cancer. The best results have been obtained with an sFv recognizing EpCam. EpCam, also known as ESA or EGP40, is a 40 kDa epithelial transmembrane glycoprotein found on the basolateral surface of simple, pseudostratified, and transitional epithelia. It has been found overexpressed on 81% of adenocarcinomas of the colon (Went et al. Human pathology 35:122, 2004). EpCam sliced to DT (DTEpCam) was highly potent in studies in which we measured its ability to inhibit the proliferation of the HT-29 and COLO 205 colon cancer cell lines since we measured its IC50 at 1-2 x 10-2 nM. Potency is important, but is also critical that DTEpCam is selective in its cytotoxicity against EpCam-expressing target colon cancer cells. The activity of DTEpCam was highly selective since irrelevant control IT that did not recognize any markers on cancer cells, did not show any activity against the same colon cancer cell lines. Also, blocking studies were performed in which DTEpCam was mixed with the EpCam sFv that was synthesized without any toxin attached. The proliferation studies showed that EpCam sFv was able to block the killing of the EpCam expressing cells by DTEpCam. An irrelevant control protein, 1D10Fc was unable to block. Together, these studies indicated that EpCam was exquisitely selective. In order to produce an IT of even greater potency, we used a toxin containing the Golgi retention sequence KDEL. The same EpCam sFv was spliced to truncated PE containing the terminal KDEL sequence. The addition of KDEL enhanced the potency of the EpCam sFv IT at least 6 logs or 1000-fold with an IC50 of 2 to 7 x 10-8 nM. This conjugate was also shown to be highly selective. Taken together, all of these studies indicate that in vitro experiments have shown that we have a highly potent IT that selectively kills colon cancer cells. The next step was to show that the EpCam IT had the ability to inhibit the growth of flank tumors in vivo in nude mice. The same human colon tumor cells, HT29 used in the in vitro studies were injected into the flank of nude mice. Tumor cells were injected into groups of mice and when tumors reached the size of 0.5 cm3, we injected our best-performing EpCam IT called EpCamKDEL intratumorally. There was a significant drop in tumor size indicating that this agent was very effective against human colon cancer. Since the EpCamKDEL was injected intratumorally, it did not have to travel through the systemic circulation to find its target. Our next step will be to inject EpCamKDEL intravenously into mice with flank tumors to determine if EpCamKDEL has the ability to migrate to the tumor systemically. The next step was to radiolabel EpCamKDEL to see whether it could serve as an RIT. We radiolabeled EpCam with 111In as a surrogate for 90Y and then incubated it with HT29. The labeling efficiency was over 90% indicating that a high percentage of the protein molecules could be readily radiolabeled. However, the immunoreactivity was only 20% indicating that only 20% of those molecules were able to specifically bind antigen once they were radiolabeled. We are currently determining whether this labeling procedure is too harsh on the recombinant protein or whether some other labeling procedure might result in a higher level of immunoreactivity