Dos nuevas selecciones de trigo de origen híbrido inmunes a "Puccinia glumarum"

En la Argentina es el trigo, por la extensión del área sembrada y por el volumen de exportación, el cultivo más importante, razón que ha llevado a trabajar intensamente en su mejoramiento, tanto en su aspecto agrícola, como comercial e industrial. La obtención de variedades resistentes a los parásitos, es posiblemente uno de los capítulos más interesantes en los trabajos de fitotecnia, ya que logrando variedades con este carácter, se contribuye a aumentar el coeficiente de seguridad de producción, con el consiguiente beneficio económico. Varios parásitos atacan al trigo, pero especialmente son las royas, por su gran difusión, las que causan mayores daños. Hasta 1929, sólo se conocía en el país Puccinia triticina y P. graminis, pero en dicho año apareció Puccinia glumarum, siendo Rudorf W. (1930) quien la determinó por primera vez en los campos de la Facultad de Agronomía de La Plata. Casi contemporáneamente Humphrey H. B. y Cromwell R. O. (1930) daban en Norte América, la noticia de la existencia de la «roya amarilla» en la Argentina. De todos los trigos ensayados en el Instituto Fitotécnico, sólo Chino 166 resultó realmente inmune a P. glumarum, aún en infecciones artificiales. Los trabajos de Straib (1937) confirmaron estas observaciones, dado que encuentra que la forma fisiológica 30 no ataca esta variedad. Chino 166, adquiere entonces para nosotros, un gran valor fitotécnico, ya que además de ser inmune a la f. f. 30, lo es también con respecto a las formas 37 y 38 localizadas en Chile y que en un momento determinado podrían pasar a nuestro país, si es que ya no lo han hecho.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Data Discovery and Anomaly Detection Using Atypicality: Theory

A central question in the era of 'big data' is what to do with the enormous amount of information. One possibility is to characterize it through statistics, e.g., averages, or classify it using machine learning, in order to understand the general structure of the overall data. The perspective in this paper is the opposite, namely that most of the value in the information in some applications is in the parts that deviate from the average, that are unusual, atypical. We define what we mean by 'atypical' in an axiomatic way as data that can be encoded with fewer bits in itself rather than using the code for the typical data. We show that this definition has good theoretical properties. We then develop an implementation based on universal source coding, and apply this to a number of real world data sets.Comment: 40 page

LOGICA SISTEMICA E TEORIA REGIONALE

A Geografia Regional gradualmente deslocou-se do plano idiográfico para o namotético, abrindo caminho para a formulação de uma teoria geral da região, para a qual colaboram diversas disciplinas. Pode-se individualizar um primeiro período (dos anos 30 aos anos 50)onde contribuições preciosas, mas parciais, foram apresentadas, constituídas pelas teorias dos  lugares centrais, do polo de crescimento e da causalidade cumulativa de MyrdaI. A seguir, graças aos trabalhos da comissão de Métodos de Econômica, da União Geográfica Internacional, e à aplicação da lógica sistêmica, foram realizados os primeiros passos para se dispor de uma teoria geral. A lógica sistêmica salienta dois aspectos fundamentais positivos. De início, permite inserir concepções atualizadas pela teoria funcional da região em meio ordenado de ideias e de métodos. Em seguida, abre perspectivas para a análise dinâmica. Para esta última, a teoria geral dos sistemas fornece, sobretudo pela utilização de isomorfismos científicos, úteis contribuições e sobre as quais se torna necessário refletir profundamente, a fim de aplica-las convenientemente na pesquisa regional

Reaction of durum wheat cultivars to mixed SBWMV and WSSMV infection in central Italy

Forty-three cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were grown during the 1998–99 growing season in a field near Rome with natural inoculum sources of Soilborne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) and Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV), to evaluate their resistance to the mixed infection. Leaf extracts from twelve cultivars had relatively low ELISA values for WSSMV, and thirteen had low ELISA values for SBWMV. Results confirmed the high level of resistance to SBWMV of the cultivars Colorado, Ionio and Neodur. The reactions of the cultivars to SBWMV were consistent with those recorded in previous trials near Bologna, northern Italy, indicating that the SBWMV strains at the two test sites were pathogenically similar. Disease severity was significantly correlated with grain yield, thousand-kernel weight, heading date and the SBWMV-ELISA value, but not with the WSSMVELISA value. Regression analysis showed that, as a result of the mixed infection, the four cultivars with the most severe disease symptoms headed about 5 days later than normal, and suffered grain yield and kernel weight reductions of about 56 and 10% respectively. Cultivars with milder symptoms were also severely affected

Mapping genetic factors for resistance to Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus (SBCMV) in durum wheat

Article first published online: 8 FEB 2014OBJECTIVE: In an unselected group of women with signs of preterm labour, maintenance tocolysis is not effective in the prevention of preterm birth and does not improve neonatal outcome. Among women with signs of preterm labour, those who are fetal fibronectin positive have an increased risk of preterm birth. We investigated whether maintenance tocolysis with nifedipine would delay delivery and improve neonatal outcome in women with threatened preterm labour and a positive fetal fibronectin status. STUDY DESIGN: Women with a singleton pregnancy in threatened preterm labour (24(+0) to 33(+6)  weeks) with a positive fetal fibronectin test were randomised to nifedipine or placebo. Study medication was continued until 36 completed weeks' gestation. The primary endpoint was prolongation of pregnancy of seven days. Secondary endpoints were gestational age at delivery and length of NICU admission. RESULTS: Of the 60 participants, 29 received nifedipine and 31 placebo. Prolongation of pregnancy by >7 days occurred in 22/29 (76%) in the nifedipine group and 25/31 (81%) in the placebo group (relative risks, RR 0.94 [0.72-1.2]). Gestational age at delivery was 36.1 ± 5.1 weeks for nifedipine and 36.8 ± 3.6 weeks for placebo (P = 0.027). Length of NICU admission [median (interquartile ranges, IQR)] was 27 (24-41) days and 16 (8-37) days in nifedipine and placebo groups, respectively (P = 0.17). CONCLUSION: In women with threatened preterm labour who are fetal fibronectin positive, maintenance tocolysis with nifedipine does not seem to prolong pregnancy, nor reduce length of NICU admission.Emma Parry, Carolien Roos, Peter Stone, Lynsey Hayward, Ben Willem Mol and Lesley McCowa

A major QTL for resistance to soil-borne cerealmosaic virus derived from an old Italian durum wheat cultivar

The genetic basis of resistance to soil-borne cereal mosaic virus (SBCMV) in the Triticum turgidum L. var. durum cv. Neodur was analyzed in this study, using a linkage mapping approach. We performed phenotypic and molecular analyses of 146 recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross Cirillo (highly susceptible)×Neodur (highly resistant). A major quantitative trait locus (QTL) that explained up to 87% of the observed variability for symptom severity was identified on the short arm of chromosome 2B, within the 40-cM interval between the markers Xwmc764 and Xgwm1128, with wPt-2106 as the peak marker. Three minor QTLs were found on chromosomes 3B and 7B. Two markers coding for resistance proteins co-segregate with the major QTL on chromosome 2B and the minor QTL on chromosome 3B, representing potential candidate genes for the two resistance loci. Microsatellite markers flanking the major QTL were evaluated on a set of 25 durum wheat genotypes that were previously characterized for SBCMV resistance. The allelic composition of the genotypes at these loci, together with pedigree data, suggests that the old Italian cultivar Cappelli provided the SBCMV-resistance determinants to durum cultivars that have been independently bred in different countries over the last century

Combined use of gliadins and SSRs to analyse the genetic variability of the Spanish collection of cultivated diploid wheat (Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum)

This work studied the combined use of gliadins and SSRs to analyse inter- and intra-accession variability of the Spanish collection of cultivated einkorn (Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum) maintained at the CRF-INIA. In general, gliadin loci presented higher discrimination power than SSRs, reflecting the high variability of the gliadins. The loci on chromosome 6A were the most polymorphic with similar PIC values for both marker systems, showing that these markers are very useful for genetic variability studies in wheat. The gliadin results indicated that the Spanish einkorn collection possessed high genetic diversity, being the differentiation large between varieties and small within them. Some associations between gliadin alleles and geographical and agro-morphological data were found. Agro-morphological relations were also observed in the clusters of the SSRs dendrogram. A high concordance was found between gliadins and SSRs for genotype identification. In addition, both systems provide complementary information to resolve the different cases of intra-accession variability not detected at the agro-morphological level, and to identify separately all the genotypes analysed. The combined use of both genetic markers is an excellent tool for genetic resource evaluation in addition to agro-morphological evaluation

Habilidades da teoria da mente e compreensão de verbos metacognitivos em crianças com desenvolvimento normativo

El aprendizaje de habilidades de la teoría de la mente (ToM) se considera fundamental para garantizar un buen desempeño adaptativo en el contexto social dado que permite a las personas atribuir estados mentales a sí mismas y a otras, y así poder predecir el comportamiento de los demás. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en analizar el desempeño en las tareas de ToM y en la comprensión de verbos mentalistas contextualizados en historias en niños con desarrollo normativo. Se utilizó una muestra de 41 niños con edades comprendidas entre 3 y 5 años con una metodología descriptiva. Los resultados muestran que el nivel 3 de ToM fue el que obtuvo menores niveles de logro. En relación con la prueba que evaluaba la comprensión de verbos mentalistas, los resultados más bajos se obtuvieron en aquella que hacía referencia al verbo saber. Los resultados encontrados sugieren que se aprenden primero verbos mentales referidos a deseos antes que a creencias, así como que los niveles de información defendidos por el modelo de ToM de Howlin et al. (1999) no parecerían estar secuenciados en niveles de complejidad.Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovació