Spread of biological invasions: The experience of Tilapia species in the Shadegan Wetland, southwest of Iran

The status of non-native tilapia species was evaluated by sampling campaigns in fishing grounds in the central part of the Shadegan Wetland, southwest Iran in 2014–15 (with follow-up in 2019). Considering a high percentage of relative species abundance, the tilapia species (Coptodon zillii and Oreochromis aureus) are well established in the wetland. As the management plans of such species are difficult and expensive, prevention of the introduction of these species to other water bodies is highly recommended.Hussein Valikhani, Asghar Abdoli, Farshad Nejat, Milad Khosravi, Kamal Khezri, Bahram H. Kiab

Possibility of trout farms efluent return to groundwater In non-agricultural seasons

This project is trying to investigate water contamination after use in ponds. For this aquaculture status, physical and chemical water properties, microbial pollutants and heavy metals levels in the some of trout ponds effluent in East Azerbaijan province were evaluated in 2007 to 2009. The information of groundwater and climate conditions in ten years, Drilling and wells piezometric Information, in local wells are reviewed. According to data obtained from analysis of water samples in the output pools range studied concentrations(term mg/l) some parameters are as follows:(BOD: 1.9-3.2), (COD: 3.4-34.1), (TSS: 26.6-42.7), (N-NO_2:0.003-.136),(P-Po4:0.0170.067), (pH:7.75-8.28). Electrical conductivity (500 ±2 to 1129±144 term µm/cm) in the effluent ponds. Based on the results of we can say that between input and effluent ponds in the review of all factors as chlorine, sulfate, sodium, potassium, total nitrogen, soluble phosphorus, total phosphorus, calcium, total hardness, magnesium, alkalinity and silica significant changes not be observed. Review of water analysis data to some factors (such as: water temperature, EC, pH, NO_2, CO_2, HCO_3, CO_3, DO, COD, BOD) and compare this data with the authorities standard confirmed that the All factors mentioned in effluent is allowed now. In terms of microbial contamination and heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Ca, Pb, Fe, Cr) is no pollution. Appropriate strategies for removing suspended materials must to use. We can use Watershed Management solutions to inject output water to the underground table. Should be noted status change (eg change in flow rate, an unusual increase in temperature, fish density increasing, reducing food quality, lack of appropriate management actions and ...) may reduce the effluent quality and the ability of injection water underground to lose. In this case, measures must be for wastewater treatment and improve the quality ponder

Pemphigus autoimmunity: Hypotheses and realities

The goal of contemporary research in pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus is to achieve and maintain clinical remission without corticosteroids. Recent advances of knowledge on pemphigus autoimmunity scrutinize old dogmas, resolve controversies, and open novel perspectives for treatment. Elucidation of intimate mechanisms of keratinocyte detachment and death in pemphigus has challenged the monopathogenic explanation of disease immunopathology. Over 50 organ-specific and non-organ-specific antigens can be targeted by pemphigus autoimmunity, including desmosomal cadherins and other adhesion molecules, PERP cholinergic and other cell membrane (CM) receptors, and mitochondrial proteins. The initial insult is sustained by the autoantibodies to the cell membrane receptor antigens triggering the intracellular signaling by Src, epidermal growth factor receptor kinase, protein kinases A and C, phospholipase C, mTOR, p38 MAPK, JNK, other tyrosine kinases, and calmodulin that cause basal cell shrinkage and ripping desmosomes off the CM. Autoantibodies synergize with effectors of apoptotic and oncotic pathways, serine proteases, and inflammatory cytokines to overcome the natural resistance and activate the cell death program in keratinocytes. The process of keratinocyte shrinkage/detachment and death via apoptosis/oncosis has been termed apoptolysis to emphasize that it is triggered by the same signal effectors and mediated by the same cell death enzymes. The natural course of pemphigus has improved due to a substantial progress in developing of the steroid-sparing therapies combining the immunosuppressive and direct anti-acantholytic effects. Further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms mediating immune dysregulation and apoptolysis in pemphigus should improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis and facilitate development of steroid-free treatment of patients

Religious delusions in psychotic patients : prevalence, possible origin, and effects

This chapter assessed the prevalence of religious delusions among a group of inpatients from an Egyptian mental health hospital (El-Abbassyia, Cairo). The main purpose was to investigate the frequency of religious delusions in psychotic patients, and how this affected their prognosis. Specifically, this study was carried out because there is insufficient research within Arabic-speaking cultures on the role religion plays in mental health illnesses. To achieve this goal, we investigated whether self-reported religious orientation, as well as the degree of insight patients had concerning their beliefs was related to the frequency of religious delusions. It is important to ascertain what social and interpersonal factors increase the chances of suffering delusions with religious content as it will affect the individual’s health belief model, and therefore, its adherence to treatment. The results indicate that 38% of patients suffered religious delusions, and it was found that higher religious orientation and higher conviction in their beliefs was associated with increased chances of experiencing religious delusions. This growing body of knowledge underscores the need to attend more fully to the potentially destructive (and constructive) roles of religion in psychiatric diagnosis, assessment, and treatment

Segmentierte Flow‐Prozesse zur Überwindung von Limitierungen der Ganzzell‐Biokatalyse in Gegenwart von organischen Lösungsmitteln

Adebar N, Nastke A, Löwe J, Gröger H. Segmentierte Flow‐Prozesse zur Überwindung von Limitierungen der Ganzzell‐Biokatalyse in Gegenwart von organischen Lösungsmitteln. Angewandte Chemie. 2021;133(29):15997-16004.In der modernen Prozessentwicklung spielt Biokatalyse eine immer gewichtigere Rolle, wobei die Benutzung von Ganzzellkatalysatoren häufig eine bevorzugte Form dieser Biokatalysatoren darstellt. Die Anwendung von Ganzzellkatalysatoren in organischen zweiphasigen Batch-Synthesen ist jedoch oft durch Einschränkungen im Hinblick auf Stofftransfer, Emulsionsbildung, aufwändiger Aufarbeitung und damit verbundenen geringen Ausbeuten beeinträchtigt. In diesem Beitrag zeigen wir, dass unter Zuhilfenahme von segmentierten Flow-Prozessen eine effiziente Ganzzellkatalyse in zweiphasigen Medien ermöglicht wird. Die Leistungsfähigkeit solcher segmentierter Flow-Prozesse ist dabei exemplarisch an drei unterschiedlichen Biotransformationen dargestellt. Zum Beispiel wurde in einem solchen Flow-Prozess eine 3-fache Steigerung des Umsatzes von 34 % auf >99 % verbunden mit einer erheblich vereinfachten Aufarbeitung erzielt, die zu einer 1.5-fachen Steigerung der Ausbeute von 44 % auf 65 % im Vergleich zum analogen Batch-Prozess führte