Obesidade infantil: uma relação entre alunos de uma escola pública e particular

Currently obesity has been treated as a worldwide epidemic, and the increasing number of obese children in Brazilian cities. In most cases, obesity is related to calorie-dense food intake and lack of physical activity. The aim of the study was to analyze the incidence of obesity and overweight among 136 children of a private and public school aged between 07-10 years. For quantifying, the data were used anthropometric methods such as BMI and waist circumference. The results showed prevalence of adequate weight between girls and boys in public schools, and boys of the particular network. The private school girls had a higher incidence of obesity. However, the public boys had become more obese than boys of the private network. For the variable waist circumference, the highest index was concentrated in the private school and the lowest average rate was established at public school. From the results, it was possible to give support to the management of schools for the use of certain intervention strategies aimed at reducing the number of obese children, thus improving the quality of life for its students and reducing the risk of cardiovascular problems.Atualmente a obesidade tem sido tratada como uma epidemia mundial, sendo crescente o número de crianças obesas nas cidades brasileiras. Na maioria dos casos, a obesidade está relacionada à ingestão de alimentos altamente calóricos e a falta de atividade física. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a incidência da obesidade e sobrepeso em 136 crianças de uma escola pública e particular com faixa etária entre 07 a 10 anos. Para a quantificação dos dados foram utilizados métodos antropométricos como IMC e medida do perímetro abdominal. Os resultados mostraram prevalência de peso adequado entre meninas e meninos na rede pública, e meninos da rede particular. As meninas da rede particular apresentaram maior incidência de obesidade. Entretanto, meninos da rede pública apresentaram-se mais obesos que meninos da rede privada. Para a variável perímetro abdominal, o maior índice concentrou-se na escola particular e o menor índice médio estabeleceu-se na escola pública. A partir dos resultados, foi possível apresentar um amparo à diretoria das escolas para a utilização de algumas estratégias de intervenção, objetivando a redução no número de crianças obesas, melhorando assim, a qualidade de vida de seus alunos e reduzindo o risco de problemas cardiovasculares

Protective effects of kefir in the angiotensin II-dependent hypertension

Recently, we have reported cardiovascular protective effects of the probiotic kefir in a model of primary hypertension. Now, we evaluated the beneficial effects of kefir in a model of secondary hypertension under hyperactivation of the renin-angiotensin-system by partially clipping one kidney artery (2K1C) for 60 days and compared with Sham rats. Maximum levels of arterial pressure were reached 7–14 days post-clipping in both 2K1C and 2K1C-Kefir, but after that time the values were approximately 20% lower in 2K1C-Kefir rats. Also, kefir attenuated the angiotensin converting enzyme activity (intrarenal-40%/plasma-25%) preventing the increase of angiotensin II in both samples. Isolated aortic rings showed an impaired relaxation to acetylcholine in 2K1C (-38%) compared to the Sham group and this difference was attenuated in 2K1C-Kefir rats (~15%). Additional analysis revealed that kefir protected kidney and vascular endothelium against the synergistic oxidative stress/angiotensin II-axis. Thus, kefir is an effective nutraceutical therapy for prevention/treatment of hypertensionThis work was supported by the CNPq/FAPES -Brazil (PRONEX CNPq # 24/2018; Termo Outorga 569/2018); FAPES-Universal (# 21/2018, Termo Outorga 120/2019); FAPES (BPC 552/2018;120/2019) and CNPq (BVN 160990/2019-0; SSM 312056/2018-5, TMCP 309277/2019-1 and ECV 305740/2019-9)S

Atenção primária à saúde e seu papel na reabilitação

INTRODUÇÃO: A principal estratégia para melhorar o acesso à saúde é através da Estratégia de Saúde da Família e Comunidade (ESFC), o que inclui o maior acesso à reabilitação. OBJETIVO: Este trabalho visa esclarecer o papel da APS na reabilitação dos usuários atendidos pelas USFs. METODOLOGIA: Revisão narrativa da literatura. Os trabalhos incluídos devem ser encontrados dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) “Fisiatria”, “Atenção primária à saúde” e “Reabilitação” nas bases de dados PubMed, SciElo, Google Acadêmico e UpToDate e seguir os critérios de inclusão. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 68 documentos, 17 foram selecionados. 9 foram utilizados na produção deste trabalho. REVISÃO DE LITERATURA: A Reabilitação Baseada na Comunidade auxilia a Atenção Básica no atendimento de pessoas em reabilitação nas áreas atendidas. Para isso, o cuidado longitudinal é necessário para acompanhamento do paciente, família e comunidade, uma vez que a perda da capacidade funcional altera toda a dinâmica das relações da pessoa. O apoio matricial é definido como uma estratégia para aproximar as áreas de saúde da assistência integral ao paciente  e propiciar uma percepção holística do acompanhamento. Objetivos Realistas são criados junto à equipe para traçar o tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: Pode-se dizer que a APS atua na identificação, prevenção, tratamento longitudinal e acompanhamento contínuo dos pacientes em RCB, assim como oferece suporte à família e comunidade em que o paciente está inserido, pois todo o grupo familiar é afetado

Resin from Virola oleifera Protects Against Radiocontrast-Induced Nephropathy in Mice.

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is an iatrogenic medical event for which there is not yet a successful therapy. Increasing evidence in rodents has suggested that this disease is associated with renal tubular and vascular injury that is triggered directly by oxidative stress. In the present study, we evaluated whether the antioxidant resin from Virola oleifera (RV) could attenuate renal damage in an experimental mouse model of CIN. Adult male Swiss mice were divided into six groups and pre-treated orally with RV (10, 100 and 300 mg/kg), N-acetylcysteine (200 mg/kg) or vehicle for 5 days before the induction of CIN and Control group. Renal function was assessed by measuring plasma creatinine and urea levels. Additionally, renal oxidative stress and apoptosis/cell viability were determined with flow cytometry. Finally, kidney tissues were sectioned for histopathological examination. In this CIN model, pre-treatment with RV improved renal function, lowered the mortality rate, and reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis in both the medulla and cortex renal cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the RV treatment had beneficial effects on kidney histopathology that were superior to the standard treatment with N-acetylcysteine. These data suggest that because of its antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects and its ability to preserve renal function, resin from Virola oleifera may have potential as a new therapeutic approach for preventing CIN

Dose-response relationship between very vigorous physical activity and cardiovascular health assessed by heart rate variability in adults: Cross-sectional results from the EPIMOV study.

The minimum amount of physical activity needed to obtain health benefits has been widely determined. Unlikely, the impact of extreme amounts of very vigorous physical activity (VVPA, ≥ 8 metabolic equivalents) to the heart remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate the dose-response relationship between VVPA and heart rate variability (HRV) in adults. We selected 1040 asymptomatic individuals (60% women, 42 ± 15 years, 28 ± 6 kg/m2) from the Epidemiology and Human Movement Study (EPIMOV). Participants remained in the supine position for 10 min, and we selected an intermediate 5-min window for HRV analysis. The standard deviation of the RR intervals, root mean square of RR intervals, successive RR intervals that differ > 50 ms, powers of the low-and high-frequency bands and Poincaré plot standard deviations were quantified. Participants used a triaxial accelerometer (Actigraph GT3x+) above the dominant hip for 4-7 consecutive days for quantifying their physical activity. We also evaluated the maximum oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) during an exercise test. We stratified participants into five groups according to the VVPA in min/week (group 1, ≤ 1.50; 2, 1.51-3.16; 3, 3.17-3.54; 4, 3.55-20.75; and 5, > 20.75). The linear trends of the HRV through the quintiles of VVPA were investigated. We used logarithmic transformations to compare the five groups adjusted for age, sex, cardiovascular risk, and [Formula: see text]. We found a better HRV with increased VVPA for all HRV indices studied (p trend 0.05) for none of the indices. We conclude that there is an incremental benefit of VVPA on HRV of asymptomatic adults. Since we found neither additional benefits nor the harmful impact of amounts of VVPA as high as 22 min/week on HRV, our results should not discourage asymptomatic adults to perform VVPA

Unravelling the Gastroprotective Potential of Kefir:Exploring Antioxidant Effects in Preventing Gastric Ulcers

The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of milk kefir against NSAID-induced gastric ulcers. Male Swiss mice were divided into three groups: control (Vehicle; UHT milk at a dose of 0.3 mL/100 g), proton pump inhibitor (PPI; lansoprazole 30 mg/kg), and 4% milk kefir (Kefir; 0.3 mL/100 g). After 14 days of treatment, gastric ulcer was induced by oral administration of indomethacin (40 mg/kg). Reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), DNA content, cellular apoptosis, IL-10 and TNF-α levels, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity were determined. The interaction networks between NADPH oxidase 2 and kefir peptides 1–35 were determined using the Residue Interaction Network Generator (RING) webserver. Pretreatment with kefir for 14 days prevented gastric lesions. In addition, kefir administration reduced ROS production, DNA fragmentation, apoptosis, and TNF-α systemic levels. Simultaneously, kefir increased NO bioavailability in gastric cells and IL-10 systemic levels. A total of 35 kefir peptides showed affinity with NADPH oxidase 2. These findings suggest that the gastroprotective effect of kefir is due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Kefir could be a promising natural therapy for gastric ulcers, opening new perspectives for future research.</p

TILI index.

<p>Resin from <i>Virola oleifera</i> ameliorates tubulointerstitial lesions in radiocontrast-induced nephropathy in mice. Top panel: Representative micrographs showing kidney histology in different groups of mice 24 h after induction of CIN. The kidney sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) reagents. A-F: the cortex-medulla section (100x); G-L: the cortical region (400x) and M-R: the medulla region (400 x) showing increased epithelial cell shedding, tubular dilation and tubulointerstitial lesions. Bottom panel: The tubulointerstitial lesion (TILI) indices of the different groups: Control (n = 4), CIN (n = 4), NAC (n = 5), V10 (n = 7), V100 (n = 8), V300 (n = 4). The values are presented as the mean ± SEM. *p <0.05 vs. Control group.</p

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.

<p>Results from cytometry analysis with dihydroethidium (DHE), 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) and 2-[6-(4'-hydroxy)phenoxy-3H-xanthen-3-on-9-yl]benzoic acid (HPF). Bar graphs showing that after CIN, renal medulla cells (n = 6) are more sensitive to oxidative stress than cortex cells (CIN group (n = 6) compared with the control group (n = 5)). The V10 (n = 3) and V100 (n = 5) groups show a slight antioxidant effect in the two cell types, whereas NAC (n = 6) and V300 (n = 6) mainly show antioxidant effects in the medulla. The values are presented as the mean ± SEM. *p <0.05 vs. the control group and #p <0.05 vs. the CIN group.</p