Soil apparent electrical conductivity and geographically weighted regression for mapping soil

To resolve the spatial variation in soil properties intensively is expensive, but such knowledge is essential to manage the soil better and to achieve greater economic and environmental benefits. The objective of this study was to determine whether the soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa), alone or combined with other variables, is a useful alternative for providing detailed information on the soil in the Extremadura region of Spain. Apparent soil electrical conductivity was measured and geographically weighted regression was used to characterize the spatial variation in soil properties, which in turn can be used for soil management. This study shows that soil cation exchange capacity, calcium content, clay percentage and pH have a relatively strong spatial correlation with ECa in the soil of the study area

AUDITORY BRAINSTEM RESPONSES: STIMULUS VARIATIONS

Introduction: Auditory brainstem response is a response to external stimulation that represents the neural electrophysiological activity of the auditory system at the brainstem level. Variations due to the change in the presentation of stimuli help in the diagnosis of clinical conditions that affect the auditory nervous system. Objective: To characterize and compare the different polarity variations stimuli and presentation rates in adults with normal hearing. Methods: We investigated 20 students from a Center for Diagnosis and Rehabilitation, with no hearing impairment, all female aged 15-30 years old, who were screened for brainstem auditory evoked potential, which presented stimuli in different polarities ranges, including condensation and rarefaction in different presentation rates of 21.7, 27.7 and 47.7 stimuli per second. Results: We observed lower values of latencies of wave I in the three rates of stimulus presentation and wave V at the rate of 21.7/sec. rarefact when used, and also on the right ear and the same polarity , the gap interpeak I - III also had lower values for rates of introduction, as in the IR range the rate of 21.7/s. In overall comparison of groups in different polarities of stimulation, there was a significant difference only in rarefact. Conclusion: The understanding of the behavior of the electrophysiological response to variations of the stimulus is important and may serve as a reference for normal use of these measures in clinical practice

Potenciais evocados auditivos de longa latência na síndrome de Asperger: estudo de dois casos

Introduction: Auditory Late Responses (ALR) assess central auditory processing by neuroelectric activity of the auditory pathway and analyse the activities involved in cortical abilities of discrimination, attention and integration of the brain. Individuals withAsperger Syndromeexperience changesinthese skills, so it is importanttoresearchthesepotentialthis population. The objective of this paper was to describe the auditory late responses of two patients with Asperger Syndrome. Methods: The study included two male patients with Asperger Syndrome, of 7 and 12 years of age, treated in a study centre. The patients did not present any auditory complaint detected by anamnesis. The external auditory canal was inspected and audiological and auditory late responses assessed. After evaluation the components P2, N2 and P3 were analysed. Results: In both patients, the latency of the components P2, N2 and P3 were elongated in both ears. Regarding the amplitude of the P2 component, reduced values were found for the left ear of patient 1 and the right ear of patient 2. The N2 amplitude was reduced for both ears of patient 1 and only the right ear of patient 2. The two patients showed a decrease in the amplitude of the P3 only in the right ear. Conclusion:This study concludes that there were changes in the ALR results in both patients with Asperger Syndrome, suggesting alteration of the auditory function at the cortex level.Introdução: Os Potenciais Evocados Auditivos de Longa Latência avaliam o processamento auditivo central através da atividade neuroelétrica da via auditiva, analisando as atividades corticais envolvidas nas habilidades de discriminação, integração e atenção do cérebro. Indivíduos com Síndrome de Asperger apresentam alterações em tais habilidades, sendo importante a investigação desses potenciais nessa população. O objetivo do trabalho foi descrever os achados dos Potenciais Evocados Auditivos de Longa Latência de dois pacientes com Síndrome de Asperger. Método: Participaram do estudo dois pacientes com Síndrome de Asperger do sexo masculino, com idade de 7 e 12 anos, atendidos em um centro de estudos, isentos de alterações auditivas,detectadas por meio de anamnese, inspeção do conduto auditivo externo e avaliação audiológica. Foi aplicado o potencial evocado auditivo de longa latência e analisado os componentes P2, N2 e P3. Resultados: A latência dos componentes P2, N2 e P3 mostrou-se alongada nas duas orelhas nos dois pacientes. Quanto à amplitude, o componente P2 estava com valores reduzidosapenas para a orelha esquerda do paciente 1 e direita do paciente 2. O N2 estava com amplitude reduzida nas duas orelhas do paciente 1 e apenas na orelha direita do paciente 2, e o P3 apresentou diminuição de amplitude apenas na orelha direita nos dois pacientes. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que há alteração no funcionamento da informação auditiva ao nível do córtex nas duas crianças com Síndrome de Asperger atendidas neste centro

Análise da manobra de compressão-descompressão no volume corrente de pacientes sob ventilação mecânica

Objetivo: Avaliar a alteração do volume corrente e de variáveis hemodinâmicas após uma manobra de compressão-descompressão em pacientes sob ventilação mecânica Método: 32 pacientes sob ventilação mecânica invasiva, com média de idade de 43±18 anos. Foram colhidas as variáveis de Pressão Arterial Sistólica, Pressão Arterial Diastólica, Pressão Arterial Média, Frequência Cardíaca, Saturação de Oxigênio e Volume Corrente nos momentos antes (M1), após imediatamente (M2) e após 10 minutos (M3) da aplicação do protocolo, que consistiu em 10 repetições da manobra de compressão-descompressão em cada paciente. Resultados: Foi encontrada diferença significativa para as variáveis, Volume Corrente, com média que aumentou no M1 de 596±126ml para 648±110ml no M2, e diminuiu no M3 para 607±12ml (p<0,001); Pressão Arterial Sistólica, que aumentou no M1 de 127±19mmHg para no M2 141±18mmHg e diminuiu no M3 para 124±16mmHg (p=0,008) e Frequência Cardíaca, que aumentou no M1 de 81±14bpm para no M2 de 96±18bpm e diminuiu novamente no M3 para 87±16bpm (p<0,001). Conclusão: A manobra de compressão-descompressão em pacientes que estão sob ventilação mecânica invasiva, aumenta o volume corrente de forma significativa no momento imediato após a aplicação, e esse aumento não se mantém após 10 minutos

A ingestão de bebidas energéticas antes do exercício afeta a dinâmica não linear da recuperação da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca? Um ensaio randomizado, crossover, duplo-cego e controlado por placebo

Introduction and Objectives: Energy drinks (ED) are recognized to influence the behavior of the sympathetic and parasympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system. We intended to study the influence of ED on non-linear heart rate variability (HRV) following exercise. Material and Methods: This randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (Protocol number NCT02917889) was completed in a sample of 28 healthy males aged 24.11 ± 3.05 years (min-max 18-29). The first step involved the assessment of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max). In the second protocol, the subjects received a placebo (250ml of water) or ED (250ml of energy drink) 15 minutes before the 30-minute exercise on a treadmill. In the third protocol, participants received the alternative protocol to the previous step. The nonlinear HRV were calculated at different times during the protocols. Results: Fractal analysis via Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) revealed that in the placebo protocol there was an increase in its values compared to recovery (Rec1) vs. Rest (Cohen's d= 1.42) and continued increasing in the last recording intervals: vs. Rec6 (Cohen's d= 0.70) and vs. Rec7 (Cohen's d= 0.85). In the ED protocol, the increase in DFA was only demonstrated when comparing Rec1 vs. Rest (Cohen’s d=1.78). Conclusion: ED intake prior to modest aerobic exercise triggered a slight acceleration of recovery.Introducción y Objetivo: Se sabe que las bebidas energéticas (DE) influyen en el comportamiento de los componentes simpático y parasimpático del sistema nervioso autónomo. Pretendemos estudiar la influencia de la DE en la variabilidad no lineal de la frecuencia cardíaca (VFC) después del ejercicio. Material y métodos: este ensayo clínico aleatorizado, cruzado, doble ciego, controlado con placebo (número de protocolo NCT02917889) se completó en una muestra de 28 hombres sanos de 24,11 ± 3,05 años (mín-máx 18-29). El primer paso involucró la evaluación del consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2 max). En el segundo protocolo, los sujetos recibieron placebo (250 ml de agua) o ED (250 ml de bebida energética) 15 minutos antes de los 30 minutos de ejercicio en cinta rodante. En el tercer protocolo, los participantes recibieron el protocolo alternativo al paso anterior. La HRV no lineal se calculó en diferentes momentos durante los protocolos. Resultados: El análisis fractal vía Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) reveló que en el protocolo placebo hubo un incremento en sus valores en relación a la recuperación (Rec1) vs. En reposo (d de Cohen= 1,42) y siguió aumentando en los últimos intervalos de registro: vs. Rec6 (d de Cohen = 0,70) y vs. Rec7 (d de Cohen = 0,85). En el protocolo ED, el aumento de DFA solo se demostró al comparar Rec1 vs. Reposo (d de Cohen=1,78). Conclusión: la ingesta de DE antes del ejercicio aeróbico moderado desencadenó una ligera aceleración de la recuperación.Introduzione e obiettivo: è noto che le bevande energetiche (DE) influenzano il comportamento delle componenti simpatiche e parasimpatiche del sistema nervoso autonomo. Intendiamo studiare l'influenza dell'ED sulla variabilità non lineare della frequenza cardiaca (HRV) dopo l'esercizio. Materiale e metodi: questo studio clinico randomizzato, incrociato, in doppio cieco, controllato con placebo (numero di protocollo NCT02917889) è stato completato su un campione di 28 uomini sani di età compresa tra 24,11 ± 3,05 anni (min-max 18-29). Il primo passo ha comportato la valutazione del consumo massimo di ossigeno (VO2 max). Nel secondo protocollo, i soggetti hanno ricevuto placebo (250 ml di acqua) o ED (250 ml di bevanda energetica) 15 minuti prima dell'esercizio di 30 minuti sul tapis roulant. Nel terzo protocollo, i partecipanti hanno ricevuto il protocollo alternativo al passaggio precedente. L'HRV non lineare è stato calcolato in momenti diversi durante i protocolli. Risultati: L'analisi frattale tramite Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) ha rivelato che nel protocollo placebo c'era un aumento dei suoi valori in relazione al recupero (Rec1) vs. A riposo (d di Cohen= 1.42) e ha continuato ad aumentare negli ultimi intervalli di registrazione: vs. Rec6 (d di Cohen = 0.70) e vs. Rec7 (d di Cohen = 0,85). Nel protocollo ED, l'aumento di DFA è stato dimostrato solo confrontando Rec1 vs. Riposo (Cohen d=1.78). Conclusione: l'ingestione di DE prima di un moderato esercizio aerobico ha innescato una leggera accelerazione del recupero.Introdução e Objetivo: As bebidas energéticas (DE) são reconhecidas por influenciar o comportamento dos componentes simpáticos e parassimpáticos do sistema nervoso autônomo. Pretendemos estudar a influência da DE na variabilidade não linear da frequência cardíaca (VFC) após o exercício. Material e Métodos: Este ensaio clínico randomizado, cruzado, duplo-cego, controlado por placebo (número do protocolo NCT02917889) foi concluído em uma amostra de 28 homens saudáveis com idade de 24,11 ± 3,05 anos (min-max 18-29). A primeira etapa envolveu a avaliação do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2 máx). No segundo protocolo, os sujeitos receberam placebo (250ml de água) ou ED (250ml de energético) 15 minutos antes do exercício de 30 minutos em esteira. No terceiro protocolo, os participantes receberam o protocolo alternativo à etapa anterior. A VFC não linear foi calculada em momentos diferentes durante os protocolos. Resultados: A análise fractal via Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) revelou que no protocolo placebo houve um aumento em seus valores em relação à recuperação (Rec1) vs. Repouso (Cohen's d= 1,42) e continuou aumentando nos últimos intervalos de registro: vs. Rec6 (d de Cohen = 0,70) e vs. Rec7 (d de Cohen = 0,85). No protocolo ED, o aumento do DFA só foi demonstrado ao comparar Rec1 vs. Rest (Cohen’s d=1,78). Conclusão: A ingestão de DE antes do exercício aeróbico moderado desencadeou uma ligeira aceleração da recuperação.Introdução e Objetivo: As bebidas energéticas (DE) são reconhecidas por influenciar o comportamento dos componentes simpáticos e parassimpáticos do sistema nervoso autônomo. Pretendemos estudar a influência da DE na variabilidade não linear da frequência cardíaca (VFC) após o exercício. Material e Métodos: Este ensaio clínico randomizado, cruzado, duplo-cego, controlado por placebo (número do protocolo NCT02917889) foi concluído em uma amostra de 28 homens saudáveis com idade de 24,11 ± 3,05 anos (min-max 18-29). A primeira etapa envolveu a avaliação do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2 máx). No segundo protocolo, os sujeitos receberam placebo (250ml de água) ou ED (250ml de energético) 15 minutos antes do exercício de 30 minutos em esteira. No terceiro protocolo, os participantes receberam o protocolo alternativo à etapa anterior. A VFC não linear foi calculada em momentos diferentes durante os protocolos. Resultados: A análise fractal via Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) revelou que no protocolo placebo houve um aumento em seus valores em relação à recuperação (Rec1) vs. Repouso (Cohen's d= 1,42) e continuou aumentando nos últimos intervalos de registro: vs. Rec6 (d de Cohen = 0,70) e vs. Rec7 (d de Cohen = 0,85). No protocolo ED, o aumento do DFA só foi demonstrado ao comparar Rec1 vs. Rest (Cohen’s d=1,78). Conclusão: A ingestão de DE antes do exercício aeróbico moderado desencadeou uma ligeira aceleração da recuperação

Incidence of urinary retention in a tertiary post operative hospital

Patients in the immediate post-operative period have several clinical features and when they are admitted in the post-anesthetic recovery room the signs and symptoms that affect the patient physically and psychologically resulting of surgical procedures begin to emerge. Urinary retention occurs frequently in these patients, as some anesthetics contribute to the development of this clinical condition. This research aims to analyze the incidence of urinary retention after surgery of patients of various specialties, correlating the type of anesthesia and the need for urinary catheterization. This study is characterized as exploratory, descriptive, with quantitative approach and was performed in a hospital of high complexity in Juazeiro do Norte. The sample was composed of the patients admitted to the post-anesthetic recovery room and during that time they presented urinary retention. Data analysis was demonstrated by the tables relating to the literature. The study contributed to the growth of scientific knowledge for hospital staff under study, as there were a large number of species records about urinary retention of patients undergoing surgical procedures that were admitted to the patient unit, especially in surgical units. That worried the nursing staff on the efficiency of systematization so there was an improvement in the quality of care, as many times, such deductions were accompanied by distension and suprapubic pain. Through these results, we could identify some interventions that have contributed to solve this nursing diagnosis, involving the whole multidisciplinary team and ensure the patient unit staff understood holistically the issues involved in this clinical condition and to be more involved in this process

Median ages at stages of sexual maturity and excess weight in school children

Abstract: Background: We aimed to estimate the median ages at specific stages of sexual maturity stratified by excess weight in boys and girls. Materials and method. This was a cross-sectional study made in 2007 in Florianopolis, Brazil, with 2,339 schoolchildren between 8 to 14 years of age (1,107 boys) selected at random in two steps (by region and type of school). The schoolchildren were divided into: i) those with excess weight and ii) those without excess weight, according to the WHO 2007 cut-off points for gender and age. Sexual maturity was self-evaluated by the subjects according to the Tanner sexual development stages, and utilizing median ages for the genitalia, breasts, and pubic hair stages. Results: In the boys with excess weight, precocity was observed in the stages 4 for genitals and pubic hair and 2 for pubic hair, with the values for excess and normal weight. The median ages at the beginning of puberty (stage 2–sexual development) for boys and girls in Florianopolis were 10.8 and 10.3 years, respectively. Conclusion: Excess weight is associated with lower median ages in the sexual maturity stages in boys and girls and that it should be taken into account when evaluating sexual maturity in children and adolescents.The funding body provided financial support to make all procedures and in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication

Autonomic Modulation in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy during a Computer Task: A Prospective Control Trial

Introduction Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by progressive muscle weakness that can lead to disability. Owing to functional difficulties faced by individuals with DMD, the use of assistive technology is essential to provide or facilitate functional abilities. In DMD, cardiac autonomic dysfunction has been reported in addition to musculoskeletal impairment. Consequently, the objective was to investigate acute cardiac autonomic responses, by Heart Rate Variability (HRV), during computer tasks in subjects with DMD. Method HRV was assessed by linear and nonlinear methods, using the heart rate monitor Polar RS800CX chest strap Electrocardiographic measuring device. Then, 45 subjects were included in the group with DMD and 45 in the healthy Typical Development (TD) control group. They were assessed for twenty minutes at rest sitting, and five minutes after undergoing a task on the computer. Results Individuals with DMD had a statistically significant lower parasympathetic cardiac modulation at rest when compared to the control group, which further declined when undergoing the tasks on the computer. Conclusion DMD patients presented decreased HRV and exhibited greater intensity of cardiac autonomic responses during computer tasks characterized by vagal withdrawal when compared to the healthy TD control subjects.FAPESP (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo)Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Phys Therapy Speech & Occupat Therapy Dept, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Paulista Sch Med, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Paulista Sch Med, Dept Neurol Neurosurg, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, Speech Therapy Dept, Auton Nervous Syst Ctr Study, Fac Sci,UNESP, Marolia, SP, BrazilABC Med Sch, Dept Community Hlth, Lab Design & Sci Writing, Santo Andre, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, Dept Physiotherapy, UNESP, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilOxford Brookes Univ, Fac Hlth & Life Sci, Dept Biol & Med Sci, Cardioresp Res Grp, Gipsy Lane, Oxford OX3 0BP, EnglandUniv Sao Paulo, Sch Arts Sci & Humanities, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Paulista Sch Med, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Paulista Sch Med, Dept Neurol Neurosurg, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilFAPESP: 2012/16970-6Web of Scienc

Does energy drink intake before exercise affect nonlinear dynamics of heart rate variability recovery? : a randomized, crossover, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial

Introduction and Objectives: Energy drinks (ED) are recognized to influence the behavior of the sympathetic and parasympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system. We intended to study the influence of ED on non-linear heart rate variability (HRV) following exercise. Material and Methods: This randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (Protocol number NCT02917889) was completed in a sample of 28 healthy males aged 24.11 ± 3.05 years (min-max 18-29). The first step involved the assessment of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max). In the second protocol, the subjects received a placebo (250ml of water) or ED (250ml of energy drink) 15 minutes before the 30-minute exercise on a treadmill. In the third protocol, participants received the alternative protocol to the previous step. The nonlinear HRV were calculated at different times during the protocols. Results: Fractal analysis via Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) revealed that in the placebo protocol there was an increase in its values compared to recovery (Rec1) vs. Rest (Cohen's d= 1.42) and continued increasing in the last recording intervals: vs. Rec6 (Cohen's d= 0.70) and vs. Rec7 (Cohen's d= 0.85). In the ED protocol, the increase in DFA was only demonstrated when comparing Rec1 vs. Rest (Cohen’s d=1.78). Conclusion: ED intake prior to modest aerobic exercise triggered a slight acceleration of recovery

Does energy drink intake before exercise affect nonlinear dynamics of heart rate variability recovery? a randomized, crossover, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial

Introduction and Objectives: Energy drinks (ED) are recognized to influence the behavior of the sympathetic and parasympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system. We intended to study the influence of ED on non-linear heart rate variability (HRV) following exercise. Material and Methods: This randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (Protocol number NCT02917889) was completed in a sample of 28 healthy males aged 24.11 ± 3.05 years (min-max 18-29). The first step involved the assessment of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max). In the second protocol, the subjects received a placebo (250ml of water) or ED (250ml of energy drink) 15 minutes before the 30-minute exercise on a treadmill. In the third protocol, participants received the alternative protocol to the previous step. The nonlinear HRV were calculated at different times during the protocols. Results: Fractal analysis via Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) revealed that in the placebo protocol there was an increase in its values compared to recovery (Rec1) vs. Rest (Cohen's d= 1.42) and continued increasing in the last recording intervals: vs. Rec6 (Cohen's d= 0.70) and vs. Rec7 (Cohen's d= 0.85). In the ED protocol, the increase in DFA was only demonstrated when comparing Rec1 vs. Rest (Cohen’s d=1.78). Conclusion: ED intake prior to modest aerobic exercise triggered a slight acceleration of recovery