The hysterical anorexia epidemic in the French nineteenth-century

The official birth of hysterical anorexia is attributed to the French alienist Ernest Charles Lasègue (1816-1883). Starting from his 1873 article, anorexia as a ‘new’ psychopathological picture is subjected to extensive clinical and theoreticalstudy. This paper is not an analysis about the process through which anorexia was formalized as specific psychiatric condition. Rather, it focuses on another important issue: the possibility that the ‘same’ disorder may have different meaning depending on the historical period considered. Furthermore, it is asserted that the study of every pathological form is conditioned by social, individual and cultural conditions. For example, in the same year the English Sir William Gull publishes a paper about “anorexia nervosa” which is described in a different way depending on the different perspective. Lasègue’s description is a way of seeing a kind of sufferance, that is he ‘sees’ this pathology through the hysterical paradigm. Starting from these considerations, this article discusses the construct of ‘hysterical anorexia’ trying to understand why, in late nineteenth century France, hysteria and anorexia were viewed as two aspects of the same specific disorder. Finally, it is discussed why anorexia gradually emerged as an independent mental disorder just after the death of Charcot (1893)

As redes sociais no “mundo dos jovens” de 2º e 3º ciclos do ensino básico

A escola debate-se hoje com um problema central: tem como objetivo formar cidadãos literatos, ativos e responsáveis mas enfrenta a concorrência dos meios de comunicação, que são uma escola paralela a que os alunos dedicam mais tempo do que à escola e à família. A concorrência é feita por todos os media, sem exceção, quer se trate dos tradicionais ou dos digitais. A questão já não está só no tempo que os alunos dedicam aos media, mas também nos efeitos que a utilização desses media, sobretudo dos novos, têm ao nível da aprendizagem. Com o desenvolvimento da Web 2.0, o paradigma comunicacional mediático alterou-se. Hoje, a comunicação é feita de muitos para muitos, pelo que já não importa apenas preparar os futuros cidadãos para serem consumidores críticos de mensagens media, mas também produtores reflexivos. O nosso trabalho, em curso, visa compreender de que forma os jovens de 2º e 3º Ciclos do ensino básico, utilizam as redes sociais, percecionam os seus desempenhos e se relacionam com os seus pares e com outros grupos.School is facing today a central problem: it aims to educate literary citizens, active and responsible but, it competes with media, a parallel school to which students devote more time than to the traditional one and to their family. The competition is held by all media with no exception (traditional and the so-called new or digital). The question is no longer on the time students devote to the media, but also in the effects that its use, specially the new ones, have at the learning level. With the development of the Web 2.0, the paradigm of media communication has changed. Today, the communication is made from many to many, so it is no longer important just to train the future citizens to be critical consumers of media messages, but also reflexive producers. Our work in progress aims to understand how the youngsters of 2nd and 3rd cycles of basic education use the social networks, perceive their performance in the social networks and relate to their peers and other groups in the social networks

Healthcare in contexts of poverty and conflict

This dissertation is composed by a set of studies on access to and preventive healthcare in contexts of poverty, conflict and complex demographic history. The first chapter dedicates to traditional healing practices and their role in the modern world. Using data from Indonesia, results show demand for traditional treatment changes with medical treatment prices and supply, which should be considered for policy purposes. The second chapter studies the introduction of a co-payment component in hospital costs for Palestine refugees living in Lebanon. Patients changed their healthcare provider after the policy and evidence suggests inequalities in access to care deepened. The third chapter describes the type of households living in these camps and identifies differences between male and female-headed families in terms of budget management and mental health. We find evidence that women leaders are more fragile in terms of income and mental health compared to their male peers. The fourth and final chapter evaluates the impact of an intersectoral intervention to tackle substance abuse among teenagers in Brazil. The experiment decreased the adolescents consumption frequency and we believe more actions of this type should be considered for similar settings

An RBC model with a rich fiscal sector

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsContributing to the general understanding of fiscal policy e ectiveness, this study consists in the reformulation and estimation of the DSGE model developed in Azevedo and Ercolani (2012), to measure the potential relations between the private sector and the consumption and investment components of government expenditures. The estimation results show that public consumption and capital have both a substitutability e ect on private factors. For the study of the dynamic e ects, the model is augmented with strict fiscal rules, whose imposition creates a "crowding-out" e ect of the simulated fiscal policy shocks on government consumption and investment

Explaining the social acceptance of renewables through location-related factors: an application to the Portuguese case

The public perception of renewable energy sources is generally positive, due to their role in air pollution and CO2 emission mitigation policies. However, there are local environmental detrimental effects, and empirical evidence is not consistent as to the support of local communities. In the present paper, we analyse the antecedents of public generic perceptions of renewables grounded on objective location-related factors. Personal location-related factors can originate in the involvement of individuals with renewable energy sources. Regional location-related factors concern the importance of the renewable energy source in the district of residence and in relation to other renewables. We implement a questionnaire on public perceptions of renewable energy sources by the general population in mainland Portugal and complement respondent-level responses with renewable energy district information. Regression analysis shows that these objective location-related factors, both personal and regional, help explain public perceptions of renewables and thus we find empirical support for the proposed approach. These results can inform and guide policymakers in tackling future social acceptance issues of renewable energy policies towards lower carbon emissions and less polluting energy production.L.M.C.P. and M.V. acknowledge the financial support of NIPE (National Funds of the FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology within the project UID/ECO/03182/2019)

Evidence from a multicentre randomized controlled study

Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2022 Valente de Almeida, Correa and Gonçalves.Objectives: We measure the impacts of an intersectoral intervention tackling adolescent substance use implemented between 2017 and 2019 in a tri-border region of Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina. Methods: The intervention involved 23 institutions from different sectors and 880 adolescents, equally split between randomly selected treatment and control classes across institutions. Treatment group students were involved in the co-development of activities to tackle substance use within their institutions. Both treatment and control group students benefited from the activities developed and implemented from the second year of the intervention. We use difference-in-differences models to measure the impacts of participation in the co-development of the activities on alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis consumption. Results: Adolescents involved in the co-development of activities are 8 pp less likely to consume tobacco and cannabis, and 13 pp less likely to consume alcohol (p (Formula presented.) 0.01), compared to those who only participate in the activities. Among cannabis users, frequent consumption is also reduced by the intervention. Peer frequency of consumption is strongly associated with individual consumption. Conclusion: Co-development of activities by the subjects themselves can be key to decreasing substance use in this very crucial stage of life, especially if the institutions and the implementers are familiar with the area and subjects of the intervention.publishersversionpublishe

DES hidrofóbicos à base de mentol e ácidos orgânicos naturais para utilização em tintas náuticas antifouling

A bioincrustação marinha tem afetado negativamente a indústria náutica e o meio ambiente tem sofrido com esta ação. Até ao momento, não existem soluções sustentáveis, económicas e ambientalmente benignas para lidar com este fenómeno. Os avanços alcançados em solventes verdes promovem o surgimento de solventes eutécticos (DES), que possuem excelentes aplicações em diversos campos e podem ser revolucionários neste sector da indústria náutica. Neste estudo, o principal objetivo foi investigar o potencial de DES hidrofóbicos à base de mentol e ácidos orgânicos naturais para utilização em tintas náuticas antifouling. A nossa estratégia resultou na caracterização físico-química de diferentes formulações, o que permitiu identificar a razão molar mais adequada e as interações intermoleculares por trás das formações bem-sucedidas dos DES. A miscibilidade destes DES na tinta náutica foi avaliada e bem-sucedida. O desempenho biológico dos sistemas foi estudado em termos da sua atividade antimicrobiana contra um painel de microrganismos. O sistema Men:OL (1:1) demonstrou ser mais promissor, tendo sido o escolhido nos testes subsequentes. Os seus benefícios em termos de custo-produção também contribuíram para esta escolha. O perfil citoxicológico deste DES foi avaliado para células HaCat e demonstrou não promover citotoxicidade relevante. Além disso, foi estudada a aplicação do sistema incorporado nas tintas referidas em estruturas náuticas, recorrendo a espécies marinhas para avaliação do seu efeito antifouling. O DES foi promissor no combate ao macrofouling marinho e potencializou as propriedades das tintas náuticas convencionais, fornecendo indicações sobre a sua utilidade como forte candidato para aplicação em tintas náuticas antifouling. Os ensaios bioquímicos realizados nas espécies marinhas demonstraram que o DES não induz stress oxidativo nas espécies testadas.Marine biofouling has negatively affected the nautical industry and the environment has suffered from this action. So far, there are no sustainable, economical and environmentally benign solutions to deal with this phenomenon. The advances achieved in green solvents promote the emergence of eutectic solvents (DES), which have excellent applications in various fields and can be revolutionary in this sector of the nautical industry. In this study, the main objective was to investigate the potential of hydrophobic DES based on menthol and natural organic acids for use in nautical antifouling paints. Our strategy resulted in the physicochemical characterization of different formulations, which allowed us to identify the most suitable molar ratio and the intermolecular interactions behind the successful formations of DES. The miscibility of these DES in nautical paint was evaluated and successful. The biological performance of the systems was studied in terms of their antimicrobial activity against a panel of microorganisms. The Men:OL (1:1) system proved to be more promising, having been chosen in subsequent tests. Its cost-production benefits also contributed to this choice. The cytotoxicological profile of this DES was evaluated for HaCat cells and demonstrated not to promote relevant cytotoxicity. In addition, the application of the system incorporated in the paints mentioned in nautical structures was studied, using marine species to assess their antifouling effect. DES was promising in combating marine macrofouling and enhanced the properties of conventional nautical paints, providing indications about its usefulness as a strong candidate for application in nautical antifouling paints. Biochemical tests carried out on marine species demonstrated that DES does not induce oxidative stress in the species tested

Convergences et différences dans l’enseignement de l’Intercompréhension et du Français Langue Etrangère (FLE): conception du matériel pédagogique et expérience en contexte brésilien (UFPR, Curitiba) = Convergências e diferenças no ensino da Intercompreensão e do Francês Língua Estrangeira (FLE): concepção de material pedagógico e experiência em contexto brasileiro (UFPR, Curitiba)

Orientador : Prof. Dr. Christian Degache (Universités, LIDILEM, Université Grenoble-Alpes, et)Orientadora : Profª. Drª. Karine Marielly Rocha Cunha, DELEM, Universidade Federal do ParanáAutor não autorizou a divulgação do arquivo digitalDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras. Defesa: Curitiba, 21/05/2015Inclui referênciasÁrea de concentração: Estudos linguísticosResumo: Esta dissertação do duplo mestrado Grenoble-Curitiba, especialidade FLE profissional, fala sobre a análise da relação de complementariedade e convergência entre o ensino do FLE e da Intercompreensão em Línguas Românicas (de agora para frente IC). Mais especificamente, a dissertação visa a responder à seguinte problemática: a IC pode resultar na aprendizagem do FLE ? Se sim, de que forma ? E reciprocamente, o FLE pode ser uma porta de entrada para a IC? Se sim, como ? Referindo-me à minha experiência de estágio profissional no Celin/UFPR de Curitiba (Brasil) como professora de FLE e de IC, apresento os dois tipos de público das duas disciplinas e as atividades criadas e testadas em aula. O objetivo prático desse projeto é a criação de um "método de intercompreensão", composto pelo livro do aluno e livro do professor, a fim de que outros professores possam utilizar o material produzido e testado. A dissertação se desenvolve em quatro partes : antes de tudo, uma descrição do contexto geral do estágio, seguida pela apresentação do projeto, dos objetivos, da metodologia e dos desafios que tive que enfrentar ao longo da aulas. Uma terceira parte é focalizada na descrição prática e na análise crítica das aulas de IC e, finalmente, um balanço e algumas reflexões sobre as possíveis convergências entre as duas disciplinas e o futuro da IC na América Latina concluem o trabalho. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: FLE, Intercompreensão, Línguas Românicas, Didática das Línguas, Brasil, Curitiba.Abstract: This double-degree (Grenoble-Curitiba) Master's thesis, from the course French Foreign Language (FFL), is an analysis of the complementarity and the convergence between the teaching of FFL and the intercomprehension in Romance Languages (from now on IC). In particular, this thesis wants to answer the following question: can IC end up in learning FFL? If yes, how? And vice versa, can the studying of FFL lead towards IC? If yes, in which way? I'll refer to my professional stage at Celin and at UFPR as FFL and IC teacher. Doing so, I'll present the two types of target students I thought to, each one for a different subject and I'll explain the new activities tested in class. The practical goal of the project is to create a "textbook of intercomprehension", made of both the student and the professor book, so that other teachers can use this new tested device. My thesis is made of four parts: first a description of the general contest of the stage, then the presentation of the project: its objectives, its methodologies and the challenges we faced. The third part focuses on the practices and on a critical analysis of the intercomprehension course. Last but not least a conclusive evaluation and my thoughts on the possible convergences between the two disciplines and about IC's role in Latin America. KEY WORDS: French Foreign Language, Intercomprehension, Romance Languages, Teaching of languages, Brazil, Curitiba.Résumé: Ce mémoire du double diplôme Grenoble-Curitiba, spécialité FLE professionnel, porte sur l'analyse du rapport de complémentarité et de convergence entre l'enseignement du FLE et de l'Intercompréhension en Langues Romanes (désormais IC). Plus spécifiquement, le mémoire vise à répondre à la problématique suivante : l'IC peut-elle aboutir à l'apprentissage du FLE ? Si oui, comment ? Et réciproquement, le FLE peut-il être une porte d'entrée vers l'IC ? Si oui, comment ? En faisant référence à mon expérience de stage professionnel au Celin et à l'UFPR de Curitiba (Brésil) en tant qu'enseignante de FLE et d'Intercompréhension, je présente les deux types de public des deux disciplines et les activités créées et testées en cours. Le but pratique du projet est la création d'une " méthode d'intercompréhension ", composée d'un livre de l'élève et d'un guide pour le professeur, afin que d'autres enseignants puissent se servir du matériel ainsi produit et testé. Le mémoire se développe en quatre parties : tout d'abord une description du contexte général du stage, ensuite la présentation du projet, des objectifs, de la méthodologie et des défis auxquels nous avons dû faire face au long des cours. Une troisième partie est focalisée sur la description pratique et analyse critique des cours d'intercompréhension, et finalement un bilan et des réflexions sur les possibles convergences entre les deux disciplines et sur l'enjeu de l'IC en Amérique Latine clôturent le travail.Riassunto: Questa tesi della doppia laurea magistrale Grenoble-Curitiba, corso di Francese Lingua Straniera (FLS) professionale, verte sull'analisi della relazione di complementarietà e di convergenza tra l'insegnamento del FLS e dell'Intercomprensione in Lingue Romanze (d'ora in poi IC). Più specificatamente, la tesi vuole rispondere alla seguente problematica: l'IC può sfociare nell'apprendimento del FLS? Se sì, come? E reciprocamente, lo studio del FLS può essere una porta di entrata verso l'IC? Se sì, in che modo? Facendo riferimento alla mia esperienza di stage professionale al Celin e all'UFPR come insegnante di FLS e d'IC, presento i due tipi di pubblico delle due materie e le attività create e testate a lezione. Lo scopo pratico del progetto è la creazione di un "libro di testo d'intercomprensione", composto dal libro dello studente e del professore, affinché altri insegnanti possano servirsi del materiale così prodotto e testato. La tesi si sviluppa in quattro parti: innanzi tutto una descrizione del contesto generale dello stage, in seguito la presentazione del progetto, degli obiettivi, della metodologia e delle sfide che abbiamo dovuto affrontare durante il corso. La terza parte si concentra sulla descrizione pratica e sull'analisi critica del corso d'intercomprensione, ed infine un bilancio e delle riflessioni sulle possibili convergenze tra le due discipline e sul ruolo dell'IC in America Latina concludono la tesi

Sustainable development goals and climate change in Spanish technology disciplines’ curricula: From LOMCE to LOMLOE

Understanding the prevalence of climate change and sustainable development in the new curriculum of compulsory secondary education (ESO) and the baccalaureate is crucial for educational communities in Spain. However, there was a lack of studies that examined the integration of climate change and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as cross-cutting themes in the new education framework, particularly in the technology disciplines. This study aimed to address this gap by conducting a comparative analysis of the new legislative content (LOMLOE) and the previous legislation (LOMCE). The analysis quantified the presence of keywords related to climate change and sustainable development in both legal texts, focusing on the definition of objectives, level skills, evaluation criteria, and blocks of knowledge. Additionally, the study assessed the inclusion of SDGs and the ethical implications associated with the use and production of technologies at both education levels. The analysis of the curriculum content revealed a significant presence of references to climate change, sustainable development, and SDGs throughout the LOMLOE curriculum, particularly in the baccalaureate. Notably, education’s role in addressing climate change and promoting sustainable development was explicitly recognized as an objective at this level. Regarding technology disciplines, LOMLOE placed considerable emphasis on fostering awareness of the environmental impact of technological development by introducing a new cross-level knowledge block named “Sustainable Technology”, spanning from ESO to the final courses of baccalaureate. This integration was further reinforced by evaluation criteria and specific skills that strongly aligned with sustainability principles, encouraging assessments centred around environmental awareness, ethical responsibilities, and sustainable entrepreneurship. Further studies are required to evaluate the effectiveness of incorporating SDGs and climate change into technology disciplines following the implementation of LOMLOE, with the aim of identifying best practices for effectively combatting climate change and promoting sustainability in technology education.Xunta de Galicia/FEDER | Ref. GRC ED431C 2020-09Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. 2022.03164.CEECINDMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. TED2021-130522B-I00Universidade de Vigo | Ref. INOU-CAMPUS AUGA 2023Diputación Provincial de Ourense | Ref. INOU-CAMPUS AUGA 202