Revealed Comparative Advantage and Competitiveness in Pear

This article focuses on the study of the comparative advantages and competitiveness in the global pear market. First, it will outline a clear distinction between these two concepts, followed by analysis. This paper provides a new index of competitiveness developed by our research based on the insights offered by a wide range of studies on this subject. The aim is to achieve a new line of analysis to improve and expand the possibilities of present day studies

Direct Simulations of Wind-Driven Breaking Ocean Waves with Data Assimilation

A formulation is developed to assimilate ocean-wave data into the Numerical Flow Analysis (NFA) code. NFA is a Cartesian-based implicit Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) code with Volume of Fluid (VOF) interface capturing. The sequential assimilation of data into NFA permits detailed analysis of ocean-wave physics with higher bandwidths than is possible using either other formulations, such as High-Order Spectral (HOS) methods, or field measurements. A framework is provided for assimilating the wavy and vortical portions of the flow. Nudging is used to assimilate wave data at low wavenumbers, and the wave data at high wavenumbers form naturally through nonlinear interactions, wave breaking, and wind forcing. Similarly, the vertical profiles of the mean vortical flow in the wind and the wind drift are nudged, and the turbulent fluctuations are allowed to form naturally. As a demonstration, the results of a HOS of a JONSWAP wave spectrum are assimilated to study short-crested seas in equilibrium with the wind. Log profiles are assimilated for the mean wind and the mean wind drift. The results of the data assimilations are (1) Windrows form under the action of breaking waves and the formation of swirling jets; (2) The crosswind and cross drift meander; (3) Swirling jets are organized into Langmuir cells in the upper oceanic boundary layer; (4) Swirling jets are organized into wind streaks in the lower atmospheric boundary layer; (5) The length and time scales of the Langmuir cells and the wind streaks increase away from the free surface; (6) Wave growth is very dynamic especially for breaking waves; (7) The effects of the turbulent fluctuations in the upper ocean on wave growth need to be considered together with the turbulent fluctuations in the lower atmosphere; and (8) Extreme events are most likely when waves are not in equilibrium.Comment: 46 pages, 30th Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, 2-7 November 201

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on University Students' Physical Activity Levels: An Early Systematic Review

[EN] Purpose: This systematic review aimed to analyze the impact that the COVID-19 lockdown had on the amount of physical activity performed by university students. Materials and Methods: A systematic electronic search for studies providing information regarding physical activity levels pre and during COVID-19 pandemic in university students was performed up to 20th October 2020 in the databases Cochrane Library, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. The risk of bias of external validity quality of included studies was assessed by means of those the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The quality of the evidence for main outcomes was graded using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results and Conclusions: A total of 10 studies were selected. Physical activity levels were assessed by means of questionnaires (10 studies) and accelerometer (1 study). Risk of bias was regarded as low and high in six and four investigations, respectively. The quality of evidence was downgraded to low. A significant reduction of physical activity levels were observed in 9 studies. Compared to pre-lockdown values, five studies showed a reduction of light/mild physical activity (walking) between 32.5 and 365.5%, while seven studies revealed a reduction of high/vigorous physical activity between 2.9 and 52.8%. Walking, moderate, vigorous, and total physical activity levels have been reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic confinements in university students of different countries. Despite of the reductions, those who met the current minimum PA recommendations before the lockdown generally met the recommendations also during the confinements

Numerical simulation of transom-stern waves

The flow field generated by a transom-stern hullform is a complex, broad-banded, three-dimensional phenomenon marked by a large breaking wave. This unsteady multiphase turbulent flow feature is difficult to study experimentally and simulate numerically. The results of a set of numerical simulations, which use the Numerical Flow Analysis (NFA) code, of the flow around the Model 5673 transom stern at speeds covering both wet- and dry-transom operating conditions are shown in the accompanying fluid dynamics video. The numerical predictions for wet-transom and dry-transom conditions are presented to demonstrate the current state of the art in the simulation of ship generated breaking waves. The interested reader is referred to Drazen et al. (2010) for a detailed and comprehensive comparison with experiments conducted at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division (NSWCCD).Comment: Fluid Dynamics Video for 2010 APS Division of Fluid Dynamics Gallery of Fluid Motion include

Estimación del aumento global del tiempo de sedentarismo durante los confinamientos de la COVID-19: una revisión sistemática y un metanálisis

[ES] FUNDAMENTOS // Las estrategias restrictivas de movilidad derivadas de la pandemia por COVID-19 podrían afectar negativamente al estado de salud de la población debido a la disminución de los niveles de actividad física. El objetivo de este estudio es estimar el aumento del tiempo de sedentarismo durante los confinamientos en comparación con la situación anterior al brote de COVID-19 en muestras de población adulta de diferentes países del mundo. MÉTODOS // Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en tres bases de datos electrónicas, hasta el 27 de febrero de 2021, de estudios que informaran sobre el tiempo total de sedentarismo antes y durante los confinamientos por COVID-19 utilizando una herramienta validada. Se realizó un metanálisis utilizando modelos de efectos aleatorios para calcular las diferencias de medias ponderadas en el tiempo sedentario diario total antes y durante los confinamientos. El análisis se repitió estratificado y comparando por sexo. RESULTADOS // Se incluyeron 20 estudios, con una calidad metodológica buena (n=15) y regular (n=5). Para el metanálisis se agruparon los datos de 18 estudios, con 47.245 participantes. Los confinamientos por COVID-19 en todo el mundo condujeron a un aumento medio ponderado de 2,40 horas diarias en el tiempo total de comportamiento sedentario (intervalo de confianza del 95%: 1,95; 2,85). El análisis estratificado y comparativo por sexo en 8 estudios indicó un aumento similar para mujeres (n=20.455) y hombres (n=11.825). CONCLUSIONES // El tiempo total de sedentarismo diario aumentó en 2,40 horas en todo el mundo durante los confinamientos en comparación con la situación anterior al brote de COVID-19, sin diferencias significativas entre sexos

Differential Effects of IGF-1R Small Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors BMS-754807 and OSI-906 on Human Cancer Cell Lines

We have determined the effects of the IGF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitors BMS-754807 (BMS) and OSI-906 (OSI) on cell proliferation and cell-cycle phase distribution in human colon, pancreatic carcinoma, and glioblastoma cell lines and primary cultures. IGF-1R signaling was blocked by BMS and OSI at equivalent doses, although both inhibitors exhibited differential antiproliferative effects. In all pancreatic carcinoma cell lines tested, BMS exerted a strong antiproliferative effect, whereas OSI had a minimal effect. Similar results were obtained on glioblastoma primary cultures, where HGUE-GB-15, -16 and -17 displayed resistance to OSI effects, whereas they were inhibited in their proliferation by BMS. Differential effects of BMS and OSI were also observed in colon carcinoma cell lines. Both inhibitors also showed different effects on cell cycle phase distribution, BMS induced G2/M arrest followed by cell death, while OSI induced G1 arrest with no cell death. Both inhibitors also showed different effects on other protein kinases activities. Taken together, our results are indicative that BMS mainly acts through off-target effects exerted on other protein kinases. Given that BMS exhibits a potent antiproliferative effect, we believe that this compound could be useful for the treatment of different types of tumors independently of their IGF-1R activation status.This research was funded by a Grant from Instituto de Salud Carlos III Grant PI012/02025 co-supported by FEDER funds and PRECIPITA crowdfunding platform from Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (Fecyt) to M. Saceda and AMACMED (Asociación de mujeres afectadas por cáncer de mama de Elche y Comarca) and Monica Moraleda donation to M. Saceda. The Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO, Project RTI2018-096724-B-C21) and the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2016/006) supported the work in the Encinar laboratory

Cysteamine (Cystagon®) adherence in patients with cystinosis in Spain: successful in children and a challenge in adolescents and adults.

Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;BACKGROUND Cysteamine has improved survival and prognosis in cystinosis. Increasing numbers of patients reach adulthood and face new challenges such as compliance that wanes over time. The aim of this study was to evaluate adherence to cysteamine treatment in a group of cystinotic patients in Spain in an attempt to identify potential therapy pitfalls and improve the overall care of affected individuals. Despite the impact of cysteamine on prognosis, there is a paucity of data regarding adherence. METHOD Thirty-four cystinotic patients (21 male) 38% ≥18 years were enrolled in a voluntary, anonymous survey. Replies were obtained from patients (15/34), mothers (11/34), fathers (4/34) and both parents (4/34). RESULTS Patient age (median and interquartile range) at diagnosis was 1 year (0.57-1), and patient age at Cystagon® initiation was also 1 year (0.8-1.8). Sixteen (47%) were kidney transplant (KTx) recipients; six were retransplanted. Age at first KTx 10 years (8.7-13.7). Patient understanding of multiorgan involvement in cystinosis: 4.1 organs reported; eye 97% and kidney 91%. Cysteamine was given by mother (100%) and father (83%) in <11 year olds, or self-administered (94%) in ≥11 year olds. Four daily doses in 89% versus 56% in <11 year olds or ≥11 year olds, with fixed schedule in 94% versus 50% in <11 or ≥11 year olds and progressive loss of reminders over time. Furthermore, 44% complained of unpleasant smell. Motivation for treatment compliance was 100% versus 40% in <11 versus ≥11 year olds, respectively. Disease impact in patients <18 years is as follows: school (29%), social (14%), 'feeling different' (10%); in patients ≥18 years: 'feeling different' (62%), professional (39%) and job absenteeism (31%). Referring physician: paediatric nephrologist (94%) and nephrologist (63%) in <11 versus ≥11 year olds. Ophthalmological follow-up: 83% versus 38% in <11 versus ≥11 year olds. Patient opinion of physician expertise: paediatric nephrologist (94%) and nephrologist (44%). New treatment options (65%) and better information (42%) were demanded to improve adherence. CONCLUSION Treatment with Cystagon is effective in young patients. However, adherence diminishes over time in adolescents and adults despite disease impact. Strategies such as better information on the disease, patient self-care promotion and facilitated transition to adult healthcare services are required to improve compliance and the clinical management of cystinosis.This study has been supported by A.C. Nielsen Company S.L.and Orphan Europe S.L.UYe

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 8

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, volumen 8, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, que cuenta con el esfuerzo de investigadores de varios países del mundo, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico que consoliden la transformación del conocimiento en diferentes escenarios, tanto organizacionales como universitarios, para el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas del quehacer diario. La gestión del conocimiento es un camino para consolidar una plataforma en las empresas públicas o privadas, entidades educativas, organizaciones no gubernamentales, ya sea generando políticas para todas las jerarquías o un modelo de gestión para la administración, donde es fundamental articular el conocimiento, los trabajadores, directivos, el espacio de trabajo, hacia la creación de ambientes propicios para el desarrollo integral de las instituciones

Revealed Comparative Advantage and Competitiveness in Pear

This article focuses on the study of the comparative advantages and competitiveness in the global pear market. First, it will outline a clear distinction between these two concepts, followed by analysis. This paper provides a new index of competitiveness developed by our research based on the insights offered by a wide range of studies on this subject. The aim is to achieve a new line of analysis to improve and expand the possibilities of present day studies

Differential Effects of IGF-1R Small Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors BMS-754807 and OSI-906 on Human Cancer Cell Lines

We have determined the effects of the IGF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitors BMS-754807 (BMS) and OSI-906 (OSI) on cell proliferation and cell-cycle phase distribution in human colon, pancreatic carcinoma, and glioblastoma cell lines and primary cultures. IGF-1R signaling was blocked by BMS and OSI at equivalent doses, although both inhibitors exhibited differential antiproliferative effects. In all pancreatic carcinoma cell lines tested, BMS exerted a strong antiproliferative effect, whereas OSI had a minimal effect. Similar results were obtained on glioblastoma primary cultures, where HGUE-GB-15, -16 and -17 displayed resistance to OSI effects, whereas they were inhibited in their proliferation by BMS. Differential effects of BMS and OSI were also observed in colon carcinoma cell lines. Both inhibitors also showed different effects on cell cycle phase distribution, BMS induced G2/M arrest followed by cell death, while OSI induced G1 arrest with no cell death. Both inhibitors also showed different effects on other protein kinases activities. Taken together, our results are indicative that BMS mainly acts through off-target effects exerted on other protein kinases. Given that BMS exhibits a potent antiproliferative effect, we believe that this compound could be useful for the treatment of different types of tumors independently of their IGF-1R activation status.This research was funded by a Grant from Instituto de Salud Carlos III Grant PI012/02025 co-supported by FEDER funds and PRECIPITA crowdfunding platform from Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (Fecyt) to M. Saceda and AMACMED (Asociación de mujeres afectadas por cáncer de mama de Elche y Comarca) and Monica Moraleda donation to M. Saceda. The Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO, Project RTI2018-096724-B-C21) and the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2016/006) supported the work in the Encinar laboratory