SPEEM: The photoemission microscope at the dedicated microfocus PGM beamline UE49-PGMa at BESSY II

The UE49-PGMa beamline hosts a photoemission electron microscope (PEEM) dedicated to spectromicroscopy and element-selective magnetic imaging on the nanometer scale. The instrument is an Elmitec PEEM III equipped with energy filter and Helium cooled manipulator. Laser driven excitations can be studied using an attached Ti:Sa laser. A variety of customized sample holders is available for imaging in moderate magnetic / electric field, temperature control, or local laser excitations. With x-rays the instrument is capable of 30 nm spatial resolution

Factores que influyen en la intención emprendedora de estudiantes de psicología de la modalidad virtual

Most of the studies on entrepreneurial intention have been applied in university students under a face-to-face modality. However, it is also important to consider the context of the students in the virtual mode, that is, those students at a distance, so the objective of this study is to identify the most influential factors in the entrepreneurial intention of enrolled psychology university students in virtual mode. For this, a study with a quantitative approach is applied in which the Factorial Analysis statistical technique is used from the application of a survey to 178 psychology students from the Catholic North University Foundation. The convergent and discriminant validity of the proposed model is evaluated from the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Business Event Model, as well as the reliability and contrast of hypotheses. The results allow identifying relevant relationships between attitude, perceived behavior control, entrepreneurial behavior, and current behavior control with respect to the entrepreneurial intention of the surveyed students. Based on these results, it is possible to identify themost influential factors in the entrepreneurial intention of students, which allow strengthening from higher education institutions and universities the academic programs aimed at fostering the entrepreneurial spirit of psychology students in the virtual modality.La mayoría de los estudios sobre intención emprendedora se han aplicado a estudiantes universitarios en la modalidad presencial. Sin embargo, también es importante considerar el contexto de los estudiantes en la modalidad virtual, es decir, estudiantes a distancia, por lo que el objetivo de este estudio es identificar los factores más influyentes en la intención emprendedora de estudiantes universitarios de psicología inscritos en la modalidad virtual. Para esto, se aplica un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo en el cual se utiliza la técnica estadística Análisis Factorial a partir de la aplicación de una encuesta a 178 estudiantes de psicología de la Católica del Norte Fundación Universitaria. Se evalúa la validez convergente y discriminante del modelo propuesto a partir de la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado y el Modelo del Evento Empresarial, así como la fiabilidad y contraste de hipótesis. Los resultados permiten identificar relaciones relevantes entre la actitud, el control de comportamientopercibido, el comportamiento emprendedor y el control de la conducta actual con respecto a la intención empresarial de los estudiantes encuestados. A partir de estos resultados es posible identificar los factores más influyentes en la intenciónemprendedora de los estudiantes, que permitan fortalecer desde las instituciones de educación superior y universidades los programas académicos orientados a fomentar el espíritu emprendedor de estudiantes de psicología en la modalidad virtual

Low dose electron tomography of novel nanocomposites for additive manufacturing

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND licenseThe development of new nanocomposites with added functionalities for Additive Manufacturing (AM) requires of a deep understanding of the 3D distribution of the selected nano-additives within the polymeric matrix, in order to optimize their performance. For this, electron tomography (ET) is an outstanding analysis technique that requires the material to withstand the electron exposure needed for the acquisition of several tens of images, becoming challenging for beam-sensitive materials. In this work, we analyse the parameters involved in the successful analysis by low dose ET of nanocomposites based in acrylic resins for stereolithography (SLA). Needleshape electron-transparent specimens have been fabricated by focused ion beam (FIB), minimizing surface damage due to the high energy Ga+ ions. Microscope settings for tuning the electron dose applied during the ET analysis of these nanoneedles are discussed. A phenomenological study of the effect of increasing the electron dose in the scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) analysis of the material has been carried out, showing that ET can be effectively performed at low electron doses. Two case studies are presented, to illustrate the relevance of these analyses in the development of nanocomposites with added functionalities. Our results have revealed the crucial role of the dose rate and of inaccuracies in the calculation of critical electron doses for the design of ET experiments.Junta de Andalucía 00955Universidad de Cádiz PR2022-00

Induced damage during STEM-EELS analyses on acrylic-based materials for Stereolithography

(Scanning) transmission electron microscopy, (S)TEM, offers a powerful characterization tool based on electron-matter interactions, highly valuable in materials science. However, the possible electron beam induced damage during (S)TEM measurements hinders the analysis of soft materials, such as acrylic resins. Importantly, acrylic resins offer an appealing playground for the development of novel composites with customized properties and convenient processing capabilities for 3D-printing technologies, including Stereolithography (SLA). There are several factors preventing the optimal performance of TEM measurements applied to acrylic resins, among which we focus on the quality of the analyzed specimen (i.e., compromise between thickness and robustness, to achieve electron transparency while keeping the material integrity), particularly challenging when working with soft materials; the electrostatic charging/discharging effects, resulting in sample drift and related noise/artefacts; and the radiolysis and knock-on electron-induced damage, which directly degrade the material under study. We explore and compare different methodologies to obtain resin specimens suitable for (S)TEM analysis, employed for the subsequent study of the electron–beam damage induced during STEM-EELS measurements. Furthermore, we propose likely underlying mechanisms explaining the acrylic resin degradation based on the different EELS monitored signals. On one hand, we assess the evolution of the carbon and oxygen content, as well as the material thinning as a function of the accumulated electron dose. On the other hand, we extract meaningful information from the spectral shape of carbon and oxygen K-edges upon increasing electron doses, unraveling likely degradation pathways. The earned understanding on the electron-beam induced damage and the determination of critical doses provide a useful framework for the implementation of (S)TEM techniques as useful tools to help in the smart engineering of acrylic-based composites for SLA.DME-SC-ICyT-ELECMI-UCAUnión Europea - Junta de Andalucía - INNANOMAT TEP94

Factores que influyen en la intención emprendedora de estudiantes de psicología de la modalidad virtual

La mayoría de los estudios sobre intención emprendedora se han aplicado a estudiantes universitarios en la modalidad presencial. Sin embargo, también es importante considerar el contexto de los estudiantes en la modalidad virtual, es decir, estudiantes a distancia, por lo que el objetivo de este estudio es identificar los factores más influyentes en la intención emprendedora de estudiantes universitarios de psicología inscritos en la modalidad virtual. Para esto, se aplica un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo en el cual se utiliza la técnica estadística Análisis Factorial a partir de la aplicación de una encuesta a 178 estudiantes de psicología de la Católica del Norte Fundación Universitaria. Se evalúa la validez convergente y discriminante del modelo propuesto a partir de la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado y el Modelo del Evento Empresarial, así como la fiabilidad y contraste de hipótesis. Los resultados permiten identificar relaciones relevantes entre la actitud, el control de comportamiento percibido, el comportamiento emprendedor y el control de la conducta actual con respecto a la intención empresarial de los estudiantes encuestados. A partir de estos resultados es posible identificar los factores más influyentes en la intención emprendedora de los estudiantes, que permitan fortalecer desde las instituciones de educación superior y universidades los programas académicos orientados a fomentar el espíritu emprendedor de estudiantes de psicología en la modalidad virtual.//Most of the studies on entrepreneurial intention have been applied in university students under a face-to-face modality. However, it is also important to consider the context of the students in the virtual mode, that is, those students at a distance, so the objective of this study is to identify the most influential factors in the entrepreneurial intention of enrolled psychology university students in virtual mode. For this, a study with a quantitative approach is applied in which the Factorial Analysis statistical technique is used from the application of a survey to 178 psychology students from the Catholic North University Foundation. The convergent and discriminant validity of the proposed model is evaluated from the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Business Event Model, as well as the reliability and contrast of hypotheses. The results allow identifying relevant relationships between attitude, perceived behavior control, entrepreneurial behavior, and current behavior control with respect to the entrepreneurial intention of the surveyed students. Based on these results, it is possible to identify the most influential factors in the entrepreneurial intention of students, which allow strengthening from higher education institutions and universities the academic programs aimed at fostering the entrepreneurial spirit of psychology students in the virtual modality

Solution-Processed Ni-Based Nanocomposite Electrocatalysts: An Approach to Highly Efficient Electrochemical Water Splitting

In this study, we report an up-scalable and low-cost solution-processed method to in situ synthesize an earth-abundant non-stoichiometric NiOx-based electrocatalytic film for water oxidation. The catalytic activity was found to be inversely proportional to the baking temperature, which varied from 50 to 500 °C. We found the formation of a hybrid nanocomposite thin film of NiOx nanocrystals (<2 nm size) inside an acetate-based organic matrix at low temperatures (<200 °C). The defective and short-range structural order of the NiOx-based nanocomposite electrocatalysts, compatible with lattice stress, low electrical conductivity, and high density of catalytically active surface species, and higher Fe incorporation were responsible for the enhanced electrocatalytic activity. Our champion NiOx catalyst features a 358 mV overpotential at 10 mA cm–2 and more than 60 h of continuous operation without significant losses, which is a remarkable milestone for undoped NiOx electrocatalysts synthesized at nearly room temperature by a solution-processed up-scalable method.Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Jaume IThe authors acknowledge the financial support from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades of Spain through funded projects ENE2017-85087-C3-1-R, RYC-2015-18349, and TEC2017-86102-C2-1-R and Agencia Valenciana de la Innovacion (AVI) INNVAL10/18/032. The authors thank the Central Support Service for Experimental Research (SCSIE) (XRD and SEM facilities) and the Institute of Materials Science (TGA and DTA equipment) of the University of Valencia and the Central Service of Scientific Instrumentation (SCIC) at University Jaume I. The authors also thank Prof. Juan P. Martinez-Pastor for his constructive suggestions and scientific discussions

Access barriers to the colombian health system in rural areas : perceptions of users of the subsidized regime.

Objetivo: Explorar la percepción las barreras de acceso a los servicios de salud percibidas por usuarios del régimen subsidiado del municipio de Sonsón para el año 2016. Metodología: se realizó una investigación cualitativa con enfoque histórico hermenéutico, donde participaron 16 informantes, quienes fueron entrevistados y sus relatos transcritos, codificados y analizados con base en la teoría fundamentada. Resultados: Se identificaron barreras económicas y administrativas que limitan el acceso de las personas a los servicios de salud; representadas en las demoras para reclamar medicamentos y su dispensación incompleta, lo que lleva a que las personas asuman gastos de bolsillo o desistan del tratamiento. Conclusiones: estas barreras son más recalcitrantes en poblaciones pobres y vulnerables, pues su condición coarta sus posibilidades para hacer frente a las eventualidades derivadas de las barreras existentes en el sistema.Objective: To explore the perception users of the subsidized regime of the municipality of Sonsón, Colombia had in 2016 about the barriers to the access to health services. Methods: Qualitative research with a hermeneutic historical approach with the participation of 16 informants who were interviewed and their stories were transcribed, codified and analyzed based on the Grounded Theory. Results: Economic and administrative barriers that limit the access of people to health services were identified represented by delays in claiming medicines and their incomplete distribution, leading people to assume out-of-pocket costs or giving up on treatment. Conclusions: These barriers are more recalcitrant in poor and vulnerable populations since their condition limits their possibilities to face the eventualities derived from the existing barriers in the system

Deserción escolar de niños y niñas en colombia en tiempos de pandemia

School abandonment and desertion are usual phenomena that occur in Educational Institutions of all contexts and have a multiplicity of determining and intervening factors that deserve analysis, even more so in times where educational training processes are fundamental for development. Of the territories. This research aimed to analyze the dynamics of abandonment, desertion, and repetition in the Educational Institutions of a municipality in Colombia. A study was conducted with a qualitative approach based on grounded theory, categorizing elements associated with dropout and identifying relevant aspects of influence such as academic practices, pedagogical, administrative, socio-family structures, and organizational elements that affect dropout and abandonment. School dropout also evidenced that repetition is common in the Educational Institutions of the municipality and is interpreted as a risk for abandonment and desertion, not as a problem in itself. In the information obtained in this research process from the Educational Institutions, the approach on abandonment, student desertion, and repetition that is focused on socio-family and contextual aspects. Still, it is necessary to determine some aspects that have to do directly with the educational system, and the pedagogical exercise within each one of the Institutions allows the student to generate a bond that is difficult to break and that favors their permanence and their successful transition in the training process. &nbsp; Keywords: school desertion, grade repetition, school dropout, educational context, institutional educational project.El abandono y la deserción escolar son fenómenos usuales que se dan en las Instituciones Educativas de todos los contextos, y tiene una multiplicidad de factores determinantes e intervinientes que merecen un análisis y más aún en tiempos donde los procesos de formación educativa son fundamentales para el desarrollo de los territorios. Este proceso de investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar las dinámicas de abandono, deserción y repitencia en las Instituciones Educativas de un municipio de Colombia. Se realizó un estudio con enfoque cualitativo, a partir de la teoría fundamentada, categorizando elementos de asociación a la deserción e identificando aspectos relevantes de influencia como las prácticas académicas, estructuras pedagógicas, administrativas, sociofamiliares y de elementos organizacionales que inciden en el abandono y la deserción escolar. Se evidenció también que la repitencia es común en las Instituciones Educativas del municipio y que es interpretada como un riesgo para el abandono y la deserción y no como una problemática en sí misma. En la información obtenida en este proceso de investigación, desde las Instituciones Educativas se pone en el foco del abandono, la deserción estudiantil y la repitencia a los aspectos sociofamiliares y contextuales, pero es necesario determinar algunos aspectos que tienen que ver directamente con el sistema educativo y con el ejercicio pedagógico al interior de cada una de las Instituciones, que permitan que el estudiante genere un vínculo difícil de romper y que favorezca su permanencia y su tránsito exitoso en el proceso formativo. &nbsp; Palabras clave: Deserción escolar, repitencia, abandono escolar, contexto educativo, proyecto educativo institucional