El conflicto como vínculo entre el grado de estructuración de problemas y el éxito de la implementación de políticas

For over forty years, implementation research has struggled to explain why public policy seldom achieves what we expect from it. Too many relevant variables have been identified by researchers, making it almost impossible to make predictions based upon one, or a few of them. It is possible, however, to focus on a smaller version of the concept of implementation: not what is achieved (the policy results, which are largely determined by events exogenous to the way it is implemented) but how it is achieved. The model proposed here propounds looking at pace and variation, and how they are influenced by the interface between policy ambiguity and problem structuredness. Conflict is presented as a mediator between dependent and independent variables, and it is stated that general predictions are possible for pace and variation in inter-organizational implementation settings, for different combinations of problem structuredness and policy ambiguity.Por más de cuarenta años, la investigación de implementación ha intentado explicar por qué las políticas públicas raras veces alcanzan lo que se espera de ellas. Demasiadas variables relevantes han sido identificadas por los investigadores, haciendo casi imposible realizar predicciones basadas en una, o unas pocas de ellas. Es posible, sin embargo, enfocarse en una versión más reducida del concepto ‘implementación’: no lo que se alcanza (los resultados de la política, que son en gran parte determinados por eventos exógenos a la forma en que esta se implementa) sino cómo se alcanza. El modelo aquí planteado propone mirar lo que ocurre con el ritmo de la implementación y la variación en la intervención, y la forma en que son influenciados por la interface entre ambigüedad de la política y grado de estructuración de los problemas. El conflicto es presentado como variable interviniente, y se afirma que es posible realizar predicciones generales sobre los resultados, en términos de ritmo y variación en contextos interorganizacionales, para diferentes combinaciones de nivel de estructuración y ambigüedad de políticas

Toward a Typology of Public Innovation. Eccentric, Discrete, Flat and Transformative Innovation

Academic literature on public innovation has principally centered on the dimension of novelty, placing less importance on the scope of the adoption of every innovation. This chapter explores both dimensions as a means of proposing a typology of public innovation with four possibilities: eccentric, discrete, flat and transformative innovation, explaining them based on examples of recent practices including some associated with the response to the COVID-19 virus. While not proposing a theory of Public Innovation, the chapter allows for advancement in the exploration of causal connections included within both dimensions of public innovation, based on the typology. The conceptual relations between Public Innovation, on the one hand, and the literature on the Entrepreneurial State, mission-oriented innovation and inclusive development, on the other hand, are also addressed

Efecto del extracto acuoso de Maytenus macrocarpa “Chuchuwasi” sobre embriones preimplantacionales de ratón (Mus musculus)

Maytenus macrocarpa (MM) (Ruiz & Pav.) Briq. es un árbol utilizado por poblaciones amazónicas de forma medicinal, para el control de la fertilidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el efecto abortivo potencial de diferentes dosis del extracto acuoso de Maytenus macrocarpa “chuchuwasi” (25, 50 y 100 mg/kg) sobre embriones preimplantacionales de ratón de la cepa albina Swiss Rockfeller. El extracto es administrado a los ratones vía intraperitoneal entre el primer y cuarto día de gestación. Evalúa la calidad y desarrollo de los embriones. Aplica el test de Micronucleo (MN) a fin de conocer si el extracto de MM era genotoxico. Ninguno de los tratamientos muestra significancia en el número de embriones degradados o inviables y en la tasa de MN. Los resultados sugieren que el extracto acuoso de M. macrocarpa no tiene un efecto sobre el desarrollo normal de los embriones.Tesi

Disruption of Interleukin-1β Autocrine Signaling Rescues Complex I Activity and Improves ROS Levels in Immortalized Epithelial Cells with Impaired Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Function

Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have elevated concentration of cytokines in sputum and a general inflammatory condition. In addition, CF cells in culture produce diverse cytokines in excess, including IL-1B. We have previously shown that IL-1B, at low doses (~30 pM), can stimulate the expression of CFTR in T84 colon carcinoma cells, through NF-KB signaling. However, at higher doses (>2.5 ng/ml, ~150 pM), IL-1B inhibit CFTR mRNA expression. On the other hand, by using differential display, we found two genes with reduced expression in CF cells, corresponding to the mitochondrial proteins CISD1 and MTND4. The last is a key subunit for the activity of mitochondrial Complex I (mCx-I); accordingly, we later found a reduced mCx-I activity in CF cells. Here we found that IB3-1 cells (CF cells), cultured in serum-free media, secrete 323±5 pg/ml of IL-1B in 24 h vs 127±3 pg/ml for S9 cells (CFTR-corrected IB3-1 cells). Externally added IL-1B (5 ng/ml) reduces the mCx-I activity and increases the mitochondrial (MitoSOX probe) and cellular (DCFH-DA probe) ROS levels of S9 (CFTR-corrected IB3-1 CF cells) or Caco-2/pRSctrl cells (shRNA control cells) to values comparable to those of IB3-1 or Caco-2/pRS26 cells (shRNA specific for CFTR). Treatments of IB3-1 or Caco-2/pRS26 cells with either IL-1β blocking antibody, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IKK inhibitor III (NF-KB pathway) or SB203580 (p38 MAPK pathway), restored the mCx-I activity. In addition, in IB3-1 or Caco-2/pRS26 cells, IL-1B blocking antibody, IKK inhibitor III or SB203580 reduced the mitochondrial ROS levels by ~50% and the cellular ROS levels near to basal values. The AP-1 inhibitors U0126 (MEK1/2) or SP600125 (JNK1/2/3 inhibitor) had no effects. The results suggest that in these cells IL-1B, through an autocrine effect, acts as a bridge connecting the CFTR with the mCx-I activity and the ROS levels.Fil: Clauzure, Mariangeles. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; ArgentinaFil: Valdivieso, Ángel Gabriel. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; ArgentinaFil: Massip Copiz, María Macarena. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; ArgentinaFil: Schulman, Gustavo. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; ArgentinaFil: Teiber, Maria Luz. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; ArgentinaFil: Tomás A. Santa-Coloma. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Argentin

Hybrid strategy for unstable patients with severe carotid and cardiac disease requiring surgery

Background: Concurrent severe carotid and cardiac disease is a challenging situation where staged surgery is probably the most common strategy. However, in patients with an unstable clinical presentation, the best approach is still a matter of debate. The aim of the study was to report in-hospital and midterm outcome in patients who received carotid artery stenting and synchronous cardiac surgery. Methods: From June 1998 to July 2012, 54 consecutive patients who were treated at a high-volume university medical center with this hybrid approach were included in the study. All of the patients received carotid angioplasty while being administered aspirin and regular unfractionated heparin. Then, all of the patients were immediately transferred to the operating room for coronary and/or cardiac valve surgery. All of the patients were administered aspirin and clopidogrel once bleeding was ruled out, after surgery. Results: There were 5 in-hospital surgical related deaths, and no patient suffered a stroke or required carotid urgent re-intervention. At follow-up (55 ± 28 months; range 1–144 months), there were no new neurological deficits, while one additional death occurred. Conclusions: In this series, synchronous carotid stenting and cardiac surgery were feasible with an acceptable complication rate in a high-surgical-risk population, which could not undergo staged procedures.

Factores protectores y de riesgo en familias en situación de vulneración de derechos

Protective and risk factors in families in a situation of rights violation is a tool in which the criteria of professionals are combined with that of families to identify strengths and weaknesses of families in order to diagnose the situation. family and community. This research aims to prevent, preserve, strengthen or reestablish family ties to avoid unnecessary separation of the child or adolescent from their family and community environment, the methodology implemented was quantitative in nature, Non-experimental study of cross-sectional temporality in which the general factors parental competencies and family safety were analyzed, which were collected through the application of the weighting sheet of protective and risk factors based on the North Carolina Family Assessment Scale, finding clear strengths, an important presence of serious and moderate problems in the specific factors assessed. Through this research, it was possible to obtain a general result for the implementation of family psychotherapeutic intervention plans to address the serious and moderate problems found in this research, obtaining a favorable upbringing that avoids the unnecessary separation of children and adolescents from their environment, an important presence of serious and moderate problems in the specific factors assessed. Through this research, it was possible to obtain a general result for the implementation of family psychotherapeutic intervention plans to address the serious and moderate problems found in this research, obtaining a favorable upbringing that avoids the unnecessary separation of children and adolescents from their environment, an important presence of serious and moderate problems in the specific factors assessed. Through this research, it was possible to obtain a general result for the implementation of family psychotherapeutic intervention plans to address the serious and moderate problems found in this research, obtaining a favorable upbringing that avoids the unnecessary separation of children and adolescents from their environment. Keywords: Parental competencies; family safety; protective and risk factors.Los factores protectores y de riesgo en familias en situación de vulneración de derechos es una herramienta en la que funcionalmente convergen el criterio de los profesionales y el de las familias para identificar fortalezas y debilidades familiares con el fin de realizar un diagnóstico de la situación familiar y comunitaria. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo prevenir, preservar, fortalecer o restablecer los vínculos familiares para evitar la separación innecesaria del niño, niña o adolescente de su entorno familiar y comunitario. La metodología implementada fue de naturaleza cuantitativa, estudio no experimental de temporalidad transversal. Se analizaron los factores generales, competencias parentales y seguridad familiar; datos recogidos a través de la aplicación de la ficha de ponderación de factores protectores y de riesgo basada en North Carolina Family Assesment Scale encontrando claras fortalezas, una importante presencia de problemas serios y moderados en los factores específicos valorados. Así, esta investigación resulta estratégica para la ulterior implementación de planes de intervención psicoterapéuticos que brinden apoyo a las familias, en la intención de abordar los problemas serios y moderados encontrados y arquimédicamente sugerir patrones de crianza y educación integral que eviten la separación innecesaria de los niños, niñas y adolescentes de su entorno familiar y comunitario. Palabras clave: Competencias parentales; seguridad familiar; factores protectores y de riesgo. Abstract Protective and risk factors in families in a situation of rights violation is a tool in which the criteria of professionals are combined with that of families to identify strengths and weaknesses of families in order to diagnose the situation. family and community. This research aims to prevent, preserve, strengthen or reestablish family ties to avoid unnecessary separation of the child or adolescent from their family and community environment, the methodology implemented was quantitative in nature, Non-experimental study of cross-sectional temporality in which the general factors parental competencies and family safety were analyzed, which were collected through the application of the weighting sheet of protective and risk factors based on the North Carolina Family Assessment Scale, finding clear strengths, an important presence of serious and moderate problems in the specific factors assessed. Through this research, it was possible to obtain a general result for the implementation of family psychotherapeutic intervention plans to address the serious and moderate problems found in this research, obtaining a favorable upbringing that avoids the unnecessary separation of children and adolescents from their environment, an important presence of serious and moderate problems in the specific factors assessed. Through this research, it was possible to obtain a general result for the implementation of family psychotherapeutic intervention plans to address the serious and moderate problems found in this research, obtaining a favorable upbringing that avoids the unnecessary separation of children and adolescents from their environment, an important presence of serious and moderate problems in the specific factors assessed. Through this research, it was possible to obtain a general result for the implementation of family psychotherapeutic intervention plans to address the serious and moderate problems found in this research, obtaining a favorable upbringing that avoids the unnecessary separation of children and adolescents from their environment. Keywords: Parental competencies; family safety; protective and risk factors. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 13 de julio de 2021.Fecha de aceptación: 27 de septiembre de 2021.Fecha de publicación: 12 de noviembre de 2021

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing desde la Propuesta de Valoración de Mario Bunge

The practice of psychological intervention should be based on the best scientific evidence about its efficacy. The objective of this study was to analyze the attitude, validity and scientific domain possessed by the psychotherapy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) based on a scientific realism approach proposed by Bunge in his comparison table of scientific attitudes and pseudoscientific. The methodological design included linguistic and cultural adaptation, content validation with the criteria of judges, from the Bunge table; the bibliographic search of articles between 2016-2020, in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, with experimental and quasi-experimental study designs related to EMDR. The findings evidenced 2417 publications, 38 of which meet the criteria indicated, where it is indicated that EMDR reflects the criteria to be considered a science, sustaining its effectiveness.La práctica de la intervención psicológica debería estar basada en las mejores evidencias científicas acerca de su eficacia. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la actitud, validez y dominio científico que posee la psicoterapia de la Desensibilización y Reprocesamiento por los Movimientos Oculares (EMDR) con base en un enfoque de realismo científico propuesto por Bunge en su tabla de comparación de las actitudes científicas y pseudocientíficas. El diseño metodológico incluyó la adaptación lingüística y cultural, la validación de contenido con el criterio de jueces, de la tabla de Bunge; la búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos entre 2016-2020, en las bases de datos de Scopus y Web of Science, con diseños de estudio experimentales y cuasiexperimentales relacionados al EMDR. Los hallazgos evidenciaron 2417 publicaciones, 38 de las cuales cumplen con los criterios señalados, en donde se indica que la EMDR reflejan los criterios para considerarse una ciencia, sosteniendo su eficacia

Lo glocal y el turismo. Nuevos paradigmas de interpretación.

El estudio del turismo se realiza desde múltiples escalas y enfoques, este libro aborda muchos temas que es necesario discutir desde diversas perspectivas; es el caso de la reflexión sobre la propia disciplina y sus conceptos, así como los asuntos específicos referidos al impacto territorial, los tipos de turismo, las cuestiones ambientales, el tema de la pobreza, la competitividad, las políticas públicas, el papel de las universidades, las áreas naturales protegidas, la sustentabilidad, la cultura, el desarrollo, la seguridad, todos temas centrales documentados y expuestos con originalidad y dominio del asunto. Lo multiescalar es básico para la comprensión del sistema turístico, sistema formado de procesos globales, regionales y locales. El eje de discusión del libro es lo glocal, esa interacción entre lo nacional y local con lo global

Global disparities in surgeons’ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study

: The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSS® v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 ± 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 ± 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 ± 4.9 and 7.8 ± 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 ± 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity > 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI