Real-coded genetic algorithm for system identification and controller tuning

AbstractThis paper presents an application of real-coded genetic algorithm (RGA) for system identification and controller tuning in process plants. The genetic algorithm is applied sequentially for system identification and controller tuning. First GA is applied to identify the changes in system parameters. Once the process parameters are identified, the optimal controller parameters are identified using GA. In the proposed genetic algorithm, the optimization variables are represented as floating point numbers. Also, cross over and mutation operators that can directly deal with the floating point numbers are used. The proposed approach has been applied for system identification and controller tuning in nonlinear pH process. The simulation results show that the GA based approach is effective in identifying the parameters of the system and the nonlinearity at various operating points in the nonlinear system

A study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on knowledge & attitude regarding eye donation among non medical degree students at selected colleges, Kumarapalayam.

Corneal diseases (corneal ulcer, trauma, bullous keratopathy following cataract surgery, keratoconus, corneal dystrophiesand trachoma) constitute significant causes of visual impairment and blindness worldwide, especially in developing countries. Corneal transplantation offers the potential for sight restoration to those who are blind from corneal diseases. The number of patients waiting for corneal transplantation is growing due to insufficient number of eyedonations in India.Eye donations are dependent on people willing to pledge their eyes for donation and on relatives to honor that pledge upon the death of the person. Organ &tissue shortage is a global problem. Every day an average of 18people are dying in India. Assessment of knowledge and attitude on organ & tissue donation is essential for better understanding of the community on different aspects of organ & tissue donation. Lack of proper knowledge regarding the organ and tissue donation process among public and Non medical degree students seems as one of the major reason for organ shortage in India. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of Video assisted teaching on Knowledge and attitude regarding eye donation among non medical degree students. Design: Pre experimental one group pre test &post test design was used. Setting: J.K.K. Nattaraja college of arts and science. Sample size: Total sample size was 60 non medical degree students. Sampling technique: Simple random sampling technique was used to select the sample. Methods: Pre test was done by using structured questionnaires and attitude scale took around 30minutes after that Video teaching programme was given by using LCD Projector on eye donation was done and post test was done by using the same scale on the 8th day. Results: From the findings of the study it can be concluded that Most 39(65%) of the non medical degree students were in the age group of 18-22years. Most 41(68.33%) of the non medical degree students were females. Most 48( 80%) of the non medical degree students were hindus. Most 25(41.67% ) of the non medical degree students knew the information regarding eye donation through television and 20(33.33%) of the non medical degree students knew the information regarding eye donation through the news papers. The paired ‘t’ value for knowledge regarding eye donation was 26.1 and the paired ‘t’ value for attitude regarding eye donation was 43.26. The ‘r’ value of post test knowledge and attitude score is 0.234 which is less than the table value ‘t’ (58)=0.254 it shows there is no correlation between the knowledge and attitude regarding eye donation. There is no significant association between post test scores of knowledge & attitude with their demographic variables like age, gender, religion marital status, type of family, family income, educational status, place of living, source of awareness. But there is a significant association between post test scores of knowledge with their educational status. Conclusion: Based on the findings mean post test knowledge and attitude scores was higher than the mean pre test knowledge and attitude scores regarding eye donation. This result indicates video teaching programme on eye donation was found to be significantly effective in improving knowledge and attitude among non medical degree students

Design, Development and Performance Evaluation of Eddy Current Displacement Sensor Based Pressure Sensor with Target Temperature Compensation

In Aerospace applications, pressure measurement plays a vital role as it serves as one of the input to onboard controller to aid decision- making on initiating or terminating some of the critical events. In this paper, the design aspects of pressure sensor using linear eddy current displacement sensor (ECDS) are presented along with its performance evaluation. The static calibration is carried out to select the best position of ECDS in the proposed pressure sensor. The effect of target temperature on sensor output is presented with test results to aid compensation. A compensation algorithm is developed to minimise the error due to target temperature. The developed compensation algorithm is validated using thermal calibration. The designed pressure sensor is calibrated using Arson dynamic pressure calibrator to evaluate its bandwidth. The calibration results are analysed to aid future sensor design towards improvement of accuracy, bandwidth and miniaturisation

FUZZY BASED SELF-TRANSFORMING ROBOT

ABSTRACT Self-transforming robot is a robot which transforms its shape according to the hindrance occurring in the path where the robots are being moved. Such robots have been recognized as very attractive design in exhibiting the reliable transformation according to the situations. Military and defense application needs a robot should possess arbitrary movements like human. In some scenarios transformations are made by biological inspired control strategies using Central Pattern Generators (CPG). CPG is used in the locomotion control of snake robots, quadruped robots, to humanoid robots. This paper presents a Fuzzy system for the Self-transforming robot which possess alteration in its original shape to exhibit a human-like behavior while passing over the particular location. Quadrupedal locomotion on rough terrain and unpredictable environments is still a challenge, where the proposed system will provide the good adaptability in rough terrain. It allows the modulation of locomotion by simple control signal. The necessary conditions for the stable dynamic walking on irregular terrain in common are proposed. Extensive simulations are carried out to validate the performance of the proposed Fuzzy system using LABVIEW. Arbitrary parameters such as distance, angle and orientation of the obstacles are provided as input to the fuzzy system which gives the required speed modulation on the motoric module

cis-Bis(4-methyl­piperazine-1-carbo­dithio­ato-κ2 S,S′)bis­(pyridine-κN)cadmium

In the title complex, [Cd(C6H11N2S2)2(C5H5N)2], the CdII ion is hexa­coordinated by two N atoms from two pyridine ligands and by four S atoms from two dithio­carbamate ligands in a distorted octa­hedral geometry. The CdII ion lies on a twofold axis. The piperazine ring is in chair conformation and its least-squares plane makes a dihedral angle of 81.4 (1)° with that of the pyridine ring

Bis(μ-N-benzyl-N-furfuryldithio­carbamato)-1:2κ3 S,S′:S′;2:1κ3 S,S′:S′-bis­[(N-benzyl-N-furfuryldithio­carbamato-κ2 S,S′)cadmium]

In the centrosymmetric title compound, [Cd2(C13H12NOS2)4], pairs of dithio­carbamate ligands exhibit different structural functions. Each of the terminal ligands is bidentately coordinated to one CdII atom and forms a planar four-membered CS2Cd chelate ring, whereas pairs of the tridentate bridging ligands link two neighbouring CdII atoms, forming extended eight-membered C2S4Cd2 tricyclic units whose geometry can be approximated by a chair conformation. The coordination polyhedron of the CdII atoms is a distorted square-pyramid. The five-membered furan ring and the benzene ring are disordered over two sets of sites with an occupancy ratio of 0.62 (8):0.38 (8)

Arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate endophyte fungal associations in plants of different vegetation types in Velliangiri Hills of Western Ghats, southern India

In recent years more attention is being paid to the presence of various non-pathogenic root fungal associations in plants of natural ecosystems for their role in various ecosystem processes. Despite their widespread reports in various ecosystems worldwide, our knowledge on root endophyte fungal association in plants from natural vegetation is far from complete. We assessed the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and dark septate endophyte (DSE) fungal association in plants of Velliangiri Hills of the southern Western Ghats region, due to limited information on the root fungal association in this region. Of the 147 plant taxa (belonging to 46 families) investigated from five different vegetation types ranging from montane grasslands to tropical rainforest, 141 were colonised by AM fungi and co-occurrence of DSE fungi along with AM fungi was observed in 74 plant taxa. We report AM and DSE fungal associations for the first time in 61 and 42 plant species, respectively. Determination of AM morphological types indicated the frequent occurrence of intermediate type and AM morphology is reported for the first time in 64 plant taxa. Spore morphotypes belonging to eleven species (in six genera) were isolated from the different vegetation types. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spore numbers neither differed significantly among vegetation types nor were related to AM fungal colonisation. Spores of Funneliformis geosporum was the most frequent spore morphotypes. Dark septate endophyte fungal association occurred in plants of all the vegetation types and was most frequent in herbs. Though no significant relationship was found between AM and DSE fungal colonisation within roots, a positive association was found in the occurrence of these two fungal groups

Variability and molecular diversity of wild sugarcane germplasm collected from low temperature regions Lohit and Changlang of Arunachal Pradesh

159-168Saccharum spontaneum L. is a perennial grass representing the most genetically diversified species in Saccharum genus. It has the potential to withstand severe biotic/abiotic stresses and frequently used as donor of stress tolerant genes in sugarcane improvement program through gene introgression. In this study, the phenotypic variation and molecular diversity of forty nine S. spontaneum accessions collected from Lohit and Changlang regions of Arunachal Pradesh, North Eastern India were investigated for morphometric traits and polymorphic STMS marker. The phenotypic coefficient of variation showed ample variability for the traits viz., plant height (27.19%), stalk diameter (28.21%), single cane weight (48.97%), internode number (22.60%) and internode length (29.15%). Further, twenty nine sequence-tagged microsatellite site (STMS) markers generated 495 bands with an average of 14.06 polymorphic bands. The accessions specific bands in respect to specific marker combinations were identified. The Jaccard’s similarity coefficients among these accessions ranged from 0.42 to 0.78 with an average of 0.58 and clustering using unweighted pair group method of arithmetic-average (UPGMA) showed two major clusters with subclusters. Similarly polulation structure analysis based Bayesian approach grouped the individuals into two subpopulations, with alpha value of 0.112. The study shows that S. spontaneum accessions collected from Arunachal Pradesh is highly diverse, most of them will be harbouring the genes for cold tolerance and biomass. The set of markers which produced specific bands for the specific accessions identified in the study will help in identification of the particular accessions. The accessions studied are potential source for cold tolerance and high biomass, the results obtained in the present study will definitely help in planning and utilising them in sugarcane improvement programme