Rap1 binding to the talin 1 F0 domain makes a minimal contribution to murine platelet GPIIb-IIIa activation

Activation of platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa (GPIIb-IIIa; integrin aIIbb3) leads to high-affinity fibrinogen binding and platelet aggregation during hemostasis. Whereas GTP-bound Rap1 GTPase promotes talin 1 binding to the b3 cytoplasmic domain to activate platelet GPIIb-IIIa, the Rap1 effector that regulates talin association with b3 in platelets is unknown. Rap1 binding to the talin 1 F0 subdomain was proposed to forge the talin 1–Rap1 link in platelets. Here, we report a talin 1 point mutant (R35E) that significantly reduces Rap1 affinity without a significant effect on its structure or expression. Talin 1 head domain (THD) (R35E) was of similar potency to wild-type THD in activating aIIbb3 in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Coexpression with activated Rap1b increased activation, and coexpression with Rap1GAP1 reduced activation caused by transfection of wild-type THD or THD(R35E). Furthermore, platelets from Tln1R35E/R35E mice showed similar GPIIb-IIIa activation to those from wild- type littermates in response to multiple agonists. Tln1R35E/R35E platelets exhibited slightly reduced platelet aggregation in response to low doses of agonists; however, there was not a significant hemostatic defect, as judged by tail bleeding times. Thus, the Rap1–talin 1 F0 interaction has little effect on platelet GPIIb-IIIa activation and hemostasis and cannot account for the dramatic effects of loss of Rap1 activity on these platelet functions

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Efecto de Pseudomonas syringae subsp. syringae en el rendimiento y distribución de biomasa en trigo

The effect of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. syringae on seed yield, aerial biomass production and partitioning in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is unknown. A field experiment was carried out in two locations of the Mexican Highlands (Montecillo and Chapingo) to evaluate the response of two wheat cultivars (‘Seri M82’ and ‘Rebeca F2000’) to four inoculum rates (106, 8, 10 cfu mL–1, plus a control without inoculum). Disease incidence and severity, seed yield, seed number and seed size were measured. At flowering and seed physiological maturity, aerial biomass production and distribution of main stem, secondary stems and total plant were recorded. Source-sink relationships during the grain filling period were estimated. Higher values of disease incidence and severity were observed at Chapingo; the same traits were also greater in ‘Seri’ than in ‘Rebeca’ at both sites (p < 0.05). Seed yield, seed number and seed size of ‘Rebeca’ were higher (p < 0.05) than that of ‘Seri’. The pathogen reduced (p < 0.05) plant height, seed yield, seed yield components, and biomass production of most organs of main and secondary stems. The magnitude of the reductions was similar in both cultivars at both sites. The effect of the bacteria at each location was higher (p < 0.05) at greater doses affecting seed number more than seed weight. Stems prevailed as sink organs, while laminae, sheaths, spikes, and other vegetative parts predominated as source organs. Plant disease records should complement crop physiological variables to evaluate and to explain bacterial disease effectsEl efecto de Pseudomonas syringae subsp. syringae en el rendimiento de semilla y en la producción y distribución de biomasa aérea en trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) es desconocido. Se sembró un experimento en dos localidades de los Valles Centrales de México (Montecillo y Chapingo) para evaluar la respuesta de dos cultivares de trigo (‘Seri M82’ y ‘Rebeca F2000’) a cuatro dosis de inóculo (106, 8, 10 cfu mL–1, más un testigo sin inóculo). Se registraron datos de incidencia y severidad, rendimiento de semilla y número y tamaño de semilla. En la floración y madurez fisiológica de semilla, se registró la producción y distribución de biomasa aérea de tallos, vainas, limbos y espigas de tallos principales, secundarios y total por planta. Se estimaron las relaciones fuente-demanda durante el periodo de llenado de grano. La incidencia y severidad de la enfermedad fueron mayores en Chapingo, y en ‘Seri’ respecto a ‘Rebeca’ en ambas localidades (p < 0,05). El rendimiento de semilla, así como el número y tamaño, fue mayor (p < 0,05) en ‘Rebeca’ que en ‘Seri’. El patógeno redujo (p < 0,05) la altura de la planta, el rendimiento y sus componentes, y la producción de biomasa de la mayoría de los órganos de los tallos principales y secundarios; sin embargo, la magnitud de las reducciones fue similar en ambos cultivares. El efecto de la bacteria en cada localidad fue mayor (p < 0,05) a dosis mayores al afectar al número de semillas más que al peso de las mismas. Los tallos prevalecieron como órganos de demanda, mientras que limbos, vainas, espigas, y otras partes vegetativas predominaron como órganos fuente. Los reportes de enfermedades de las plantas podrían complementarse con variables fisiológicas del cultivo para evaluar y explicar los efectos de las enfermedades bacteriana

Inactivation of bacteria inoculated inside urinary stone-phantoms using intracorporeal lithotripters

In order to improve the bonding between henequen fibers (Agave fourcroydes) and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), they were treated in an ethylene-dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma operating at atmospheric pressure. A 23 factorial experimental design was used to study the effects of the plasma operational parameters, namely, frequency, flow rate and exposure time, over the fiber tensile mechanical properties and its adhesion to HDPE. The fiber-matrix Interfacial Shear Strength (IFSS) was evaluated by means of the single fiber pull-out test. The fiber surface chemical changes were assessed by photoacoustic Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (PAS-FTIR) and the changes in surface morphology with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that individual operational parameters in the DBD plasma treatment have different effects on the tensile properties of the henequen fibers and on its bonding to HDPE. The SEM results show that the plasma treatment increased the roughness of the fiber surface. The FTIR result seems to indicate the presence of a hydrocarbon-like polymer film, bearing some vinyl groups deposited onto the fibers. These suggests that the improvement in the henequen-HDPE bonding could be the result of the enhancement of the mechanical interlocking, due the increment in roughness, and the possible reaction of the vinyl groups on the film deposited onto the fiber with the HDPE. " BME-PT.",,,,,,"10.3144/expresspolymlett.2014.53",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/42128","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84899739356&partnerID=40&md5=39dc034291283c23b8a5f7124f6154d5",,,,,,"7",,"Express Polymer Letters",,"49

Effect of pseudomonas syringae subsp. syringae on yield and biomass distribution in wheat [Efecto de pseudomonas syringae subsp. syringae en el rendimiento y distribución de biomasa en trigo]

The effect of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. syringae on seed yield, aerial biomass production and partitioning in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is unknown. A field experiment was carried out in two locations of the Mexican Highlands (Montecillo and Chapingo) to evaluate the response of two wheat cultivars ('Seri M82' and 'Rebeca F2000') to four inoculum rates (106,8,10 cfu mL-1, plus a control without inoculum). Disease incidence and severity, seed yield, seed number and seed size were measured. At flowering and seed physiological maturity, aerial biomass production and distribution of main stem, secondary stems and total plant were recorded. Source-sink relationships during the grain filling period were estimated. Higher values of disease incidence and severity were observed at Chapingo; the same traits were also greater in 'Seri' than in 'Rebeca' at both sites (p < 0.05). Seed yield, seed number and seed size of 'Rebeca' were higher (p < 0.05) than that of 'Seri'. The pathogen reduced (p < 0.05) plant height, seed yield, seed yield components, and biomass production of most organs of main and secondary stems. The magnitude of the reductions was similar in both cultivars at both sites. The effect of the bacteria at each location was higher (p < 0.05) at greater doses affecting seed number more than seed weight. Stems prevailed as sink organs, while laminae, sheaths, spikes, and other vegetative parts predominated as source organs. Plant disease records should complement crop physiological variables to evaluate and to explain bacterial disease effects

Effect of pseudomonas syringae subsp. syringae on yield and biomass distribution in wheat [Efecto de pseudomonas syringae subsp. syringae en el rendimiento y distribuci�n de biomasa en trigo]

The effect of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. syringae on seed yield, aerial biomass production and partitioning in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is unknown. A field experiment was carried out in two locations of the Mexican Highlands (Montecillo and Chapingo) to evaluate the response of two wheat cultivars ('Seri M82' and 'Rebeca F2000') to four inoculum rates (106,8,10 cfu mL-1, plus a control without inoculum). Disease incidence and severity, seed yield, seed number and seed size were measured. At flowering and seed physiological maturity, aerial biomass production and distribution of main stem, secondary stems and total plant were recorded. Source-sink relationships during the grain filling period were estimated. Higher values of disease incidence and severity were observed at Chapingo; the same traits were also greater in 'Seri' than in 'Rebeca' at both sites (p < 0.05). Seed yield, seed number and seed size of 'Rebeca' were higher (p < 0.05) than that of 'Seri'. The pathogen reduced (p < 0.05) plant height, seed yield, seed yield components, and biomass production of most organs of main and secondary stems. The magnitude of the reductions was similar in both cultivars at both sites. The effect of the bacteria at each location was higher (p < 0.05) at greater doses affecting seed number more than seed weight. Stems prevailed as sink organs, while laminae, sheaths, spikes, and other vegetative parts predominated as source organs. Plant disease records should complement crop physiological variables to evaluate and to explain bacterial disease effects