Consumo, digestibilidade e estimativa do valor energético de alguns volumosos por meio da composição química

Avaliou-se o consumo, a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e o teor de nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) da cana-de­açúcar e das silagens de capim-elefante, de milho e de sorgo em ovinos. Além disso, estimou-se o teor de NDT de acordo com o sistema de equações proposto pelo NRC (2001). Foram utilizados 20 ovinos, sem raça definida, machos, castrados, alojados em gaiolas de metabolismo, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, sendo quatro tratamentos (volumosos) e cinco repetições (animais). A determinação da digestibilidade dos nutrientes foi realizada pela coleta total de fezes, com uso de sacolas coletoras. A comparação dos valores de NDT observados e estimados foi feita por meio do ajuste do modelo de regressão linear simples dos valores preditos sobre os valores observados. Os ovinos alimentados com as silagens consumiram maiores quantidades (P 0,05) para o consumo de NDT entre as silagens. As digestibilidades aparentes da MS, MO, PB e EE não diferiram (P > 0,05) entre os tratamentos. Constataram-se diferenças (P < 0,05) entre os valores estimados e observados de NDT e das frações digestíveis da PB, da FDN e dos carboidratos não-fibrosos (CNF). As equações propostas pelo NRC (2001) mostraram-se inadequadas para estimar o valor energético dos volumosos para ovinos

Evaluation of babassu meal in feed for layer hens during the growth phase

Studies were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value and inclusion levels of babassu meal (BM) in the diet of grower layer pullets in substitution to wheat meal. Digestibility, metabolism and growth trials were conducted. Twelve cecectomized roosters were used in the digestibility assay to determine the coefficients of standardized digestibility of amino acids (CSDAA). The metabolism trial was conducted with 30 adult roosters to determine the apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) of BM. A growth trial was performed to determine replacement levels of wheat midds by BM diet using 360 six-week-old commercial layer pullets. BM was included at the 0, 75 and 150 g/kg of BM, during grower and development rearing phases, respectively. Feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion were evaluated. BM AMEn was determined as 1,474 kcal/kg, on as-fed basis. The CSDAA determined for BM were below 88% for all AA. The inclusion of BM in the feed of grower layers (7-18 week) significantly decreased feed intake (p < 0.05), but significantly improved body weight gain and feedconversion ratio (p < 0.05) at 15% inclusion level. Considering the nutritional value and performance results, BM can replace wheat midds in diets of grower layer pullets.Universidade Estadual do Maranhão Departamento de ZootecniaUniversidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e VeterináriaUniversidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinári

Nellore cows and their calves during the lactation period: performance, intake, milk composition, and total apparent digestibility

An experiment was conducted to evaluate intake and nutrient digestibility, performance, milk composition, and microbial efficiency of Nellore cows and their calves during lactation. Fifteen Nellore cows were fed corn silage and concentrate (85:15). After calving, calves were kept with their dams for 2 months then separated and housed in individual pens adjacent to their dams. Cows were milked every 15 days over 7 months to estimate milk intake of the calves. During lactation, nutrient intake decreased (P  0.05) in either cows or their calves during lactation period. However, nutrient digestibility decreased for calves during this period. Nellore cows produced milk with average of 4.58 % lactose, 5.61 % fat, and with milk protein increasing from 3.6 to 4.0 % as lactation progressed

Energetic-protein supplementation in the last 60 days of gestation improves performance of beef cows grazing tropical pastures

Abstract Background Nutrition is one of the most important factors that affect animal performance, and it therefore also impacts on financial results in beef systems. In this way, finding the best strategy for feeding supplements is of paramount importance. Aiming to evaluate the effect of supplement feeding strategies for beef cows in the last third of gestation, two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, 35 pregnant Nellore cows were assigned to a completely randomized design with four treatments: control, which received no supplement; supplementation for the last 30 d of gestation (30-d; 3.0 kg/d); supplementation for the last 60 d of gestation (60-d; 1.5 kg/d); or supplementation for the last 90 d of gestation (90-d; 1.0 kg/d). All supplemented treatments received the same total amount of supplement throughout the experiment: 90 kg (20% of crude protein). A second experiment (Experiment 2) was delineated to evaluate the effects of the amounts offered in Experiment 1 on intake and metabolism. Four multiparous pregnant Nellore cows were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design, with periods of 15 d each. Results There was a linear effect of the number of days of supplementation on calving body weight (BW; P  0.10). A significant linear effect on interval from parturition to conception (P  0.10). Nitrogen excreted through urine tended to increase linearly with the level of supplementation (P < 0.10). Conclusion Providing 1.5 kg of supplement during the last 60 d of gestation improves cow performance after calving, reducing the magnitude of BW lost, and reduces the number of days from calving to re-conception in the following breeding season compared to the usually recommended period of supplementation of 90 d pre-partum