47 research outputs found
Ethically Aligned Design: An empirical evaluation of the RESOLVEDD-strategy in Software and Systems development context
Use of artificial intelligence (AI) in human contexts calls for ethical
considerations for the design and development of AI-based systems. However,
little knowledge currently exists on how to provide useful and tangible tools
that could help software developers and designers implement ethical
considerations into practice. In this paper, we empirically evaluate a method
that enables ethically aligned design in a decision-making process. Though this
method, titled the RESOLVEDD-strategy, originates from the field of business
ethics, it is being applied in other fields as well. We tested the
RESOLVEDD-strategy in a multiple case study of five student projects where the
use of ethical tools was given as one of the design requirements. A key finding
from the study indicates that simply the presence of an ethical tool has an
effect on ethical consideration, creating more responsibility even in instances
where the use of the tool is not intrinsically motivated.Comment: This is the author's version of the work. The copyright holder's
version can be found at https://doi.org/10.1109/SEAA.2019.0001
ECCOLA -- a Method for Implementing Ethically Aligned AI Systems
Various recent Artificial Intelligence (AI) system failures, some of which
have made the global headlines, have highlighted issues in these systems. These
failures have resulted in calls for more ethical AI systems that better take
into account their effects on various stakeholders. However, implementing AI
ethics into practice is still an on-going challenge. High-level guidelines for
doing so exist, devised by governments and private organizations alike, but
lack practicality for developers. To address this issue, in this paper, we
present a method for implementing AI ethics. The method, ECCOLA, has been
iteratively developed using a cyclical action design research approach. The
method aims at making the high-level AI ethics principles more practical,
making it possible for developers to more easily implement them in practice
Inhomogeneous Structures in Holographic Superfluids: II. Vortices
We study vortex solutions in a holographic model of Herzog, Hartnoll, and
Horowitz, with a vanishing external magnetic field on the boundary, as is
appropriate for vortices in a superfluid. We study relevant length scales
related to the vortices and how the charge density inside the core of the
vortex behaves as a function of temperature or chemical potential. We extract
the critical superfluid velocity from the vortex solutions, study how it
behaves as a function of the temperature, and compare it to earlier studies and
to the Landau criterion. We also comment on the possibility of a
Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless vortex confinement-deconfinement transition.Comment: 32 pages, 10 figures, typos corrected, references adde
How Do AI Ethics Principles Work? From Process to Product Point of View
Discussing the potential negative impacts of AI systems and how to address them has been the core idea of AI ethics more recently. Based on this discussion, various principles summarizing and categorizing ethical issues have been proposed. To bring these principles into practice, it has been common to repackage them into guidelines for AI ethics. The impact of these guidelines seems to remain small, however, and is considered to be a result of a lack of interest in them. To remedy this issue, other ways of implementing these principles have also been proposed. In this paper, we wish to motivate more discussion on the role of the product in AI ethics. While the lack of adoption of these guidelines and their principles is an issue, we argue that there are also issues with the principles themselves. The principles overlap and conflict and commonly include discussion on issues that seem distant from practice. Given the lack of empirical studies in AI ethics, we wish to motivate further empirical studies by highlighting
current gaps in the research area.© 2023 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). CEUR Workshop Proceedings http://ceur-ws.orgfi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed
AC transport at holographic quantum hall transitions
26 pages including 7 figures. (v2): correction to section 3, added reference. (v3): clarified comparison to previous work, (v4): a couple of comments and references addedWe compute AC electrical transport at quantum Hall critical points, as modeled by intersecting branes and gauge/gravity duality. We compare our results with a previous field theory computation by Sachdev, and find unexpectedly good agreement. We also give general results for DC Hall and longitudinal conductivities valid for a wide class of quantum Hall transitions, as well as (semi)analytical results for AC quantities in special limits. Our results exhibit a surprising degree of universality; for example, we find that the high frequency behavior, including subleading behavior, is identical for our entire class of theories.Peer reviewe
Inhomogeneous Structures in Holographic Superfluids I : Dark Solitons
25 pages, 17 figure files, LaTeXWe begin an investigation of inhomogeneous structures in holographic superfluids. As a first example, we study domain wall like defects in the 3+1 dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-Higgs theory, which was developed as a dual model for a holographic superconductor. In [1], we reported on such "dark solitons" in holographic superfluids. In this work, we present an extensive numerical study of their properties, working in the probe limit. We construct dark solitons for two possible condensing operators, and find that both of them share common features with their standard superfluid counterparts. However, both are characterized by two distinct coherence length scales (one for order parameter, one for charge condensate). We study the relative charge depletion factor and find that solitons in the two different condensates have very distinct depletion characteristics. We also study quasiparticle excitations above the holographic superfluid, and find that the scale of the excitations is comparable to the soliton coherence length scales.Peer reviewe
Thermalization and entanglement following a non-relativistic holographic quench
We develop a holographic model for thermalization following a quench near a
quantum critical point with non-trivial dynamical critical exponent. The
anti-de Sitter Vaidya null collapse geometry is generalized to asymptotically
Lifshitz spacetime. Non-local observables such as two-point functions and
entanglement entropy in this background then provide information about the
length and time scales relevant to thermalization. The propagation of
thermalization exhibits similar "horizon" behavior as has been seen previously
in the conformal case and we give a heuristic argument for why it also appears
here. Finally, analytic upper bounds are obtained for the thermalization rates
of the non-local observables.Comment: 33 pages, 11 figures. v2: minor typos corrected, references added, a
new section added in the appendix, published versio