Hans H.MaurerKarlPflegerArmin A.WeberMass Spectral and GC Data of Drugs, Poisons, Pesticides, Pollutants and Their Metabolites, Volume 1: Methods and Tables; Volume 2: Mass Spectra, 3rd Revised and Enlarged Edition2007Wiley–VCHBoschstrasse 12 Weinheim D-69469, GermanyISBN 3527315381 Copyright ©; Hardcover, $920.00 US, 1452 pp.

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Magneto Active Slosh Control System - MAPMD

Sloshing poses a serious challenge in the design of satellites, spacecraft and launch vehicles. Sloshing can be affected by either passive or active measures. Passive slosh damping through either fixed internal baffles or other propellant management devices (PMD) is effective for low-amplitude slosh at low fill fractions but is less effective for higher fill fractions and higher amplitude slosh. Further it reduces the available propellant volume inside the tank and requires significant mass budget to implement effectively. The Magneto-active Propellant Management Device (MAPMD) system includes the membrane floating on the propellant surface and a control system that utilizes low-power electromagnetic coils to detect the position of the membrane within the tank, assess the slosh state of the liquid within the tank, and apply appropriate magnetic forces to the floating membrane to suppress incipient slosh. The slosh test bed at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) is an experimental setup consisting of a dynamic force balance with three movable arms attached to a single axis actuator from Aerotech called Linear Motion Actuator (LMA). A pair of FUTEK LCM 300 (Tension and Compression) dynamic load cell is attached at the end of each movable arms. The sensitivity of the load cell is rated at 250 lbs or 1112 N. These load cells measure the forces acting on tank walls and resolve them into forces and moments. Motion of the actuator is accomplished by a custom built LabVIEW code coupled with Aerotech’s soloist CP software at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. The test tank is a clear polycarbonate cylindrical vessel of diameter 6 inches and length 8 inches. The external control system consists of two external wire coils each consisting of 100 turns of 12-AWG magnet winding wire, and (2) programmable DC power supplies capable of providing 1A of current at 12V. The coils are spaced at intervals equal to the coil radius, effectively creating a series of Helmholtz Coils. The Helmholtz configuration is advantageous because it creates a region of uniform magnetic field between two coils when the current supplied to each coil is the same. As a result, over 90% of the tank volume can be subjected to a constant, static magnetic field enough to stiffen the membrane and suppress slosh. The proposed MAPMD addresses all the challenges stated above through a simple, innovative solution that could prove to be cost effective and lead to better control performance of satellites, space craft and launch vehicles

Nutritional composition of liver (Digestive gland) from thondi squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana)

1398-1403The present study was undertaken to investigate the nutritional composition such as protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and ash of Sepioteuthis lessoniana liver. The liver was collected from the fish landing centre and the proximate composition total protein, carbohydrate and lipid content were found to be 31.16 ± 0.28%, 3.9 ± 0.05% and 21.06 ± 0.11%, respectively. The moisture and ash content of the S. lessoniana liver were recorded as 52.1 ± 0.17 % and 8.03 ± 0.05 %, respectively. The heavy metal content was estimated by acid digestion method and was found to be as follows: Cd-0.020 ppm, Cu-2.723 ppm, Mn-1.121 ppm, Ni-0.109 ppm, Pb-0.190 ppm, and Zn - 0.522 ppm. The present study concluded that the S. lessoniana liver (non-edible part) is suitable for human consumption, and is good for aquaculture and poultry feed formulations

Differential Expression of Pancreatic Protein and Chemosensing Receptor mRNAs in NKCC1-null Intestine

AIM: To investigate the intestinal functions of the NKCC1 Na+-K+-2Cl cotransporter (SLC12a2 gene), differential mRNA expression changes in NKCC1-null intestine were analyzed. METHODS: Microarray analysis of mRNA from intestines of adult wild-type mice and gene-targeted NKCC1-null mice (n = 6 of each genotype) was performed to identify patterns of differential gene expression changes. Differential expression patterns were further examined by Gene Ontology analysis using the online Gorilla program, and expression changes of selected genes were verified using northern blot analysis and quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction. Histological staining and immunofluorescence were performed to identify cell types in which upregulated pancreatic digestive enzymes were expressed. RESULTS: Genes typically associated with pancreatic function were upregulated. These included lipase, amylase, elastase, and serine proteases indicative of pancreatic exocrine function, as well as insulin and regenerating islet genes, representative of endocrine function. Northern blot analysis and immunohistochemistry showed that differential expression of exocrine pancreas mRNAs was specific to the duodenum and localized to a subset of goblet cells. In addition, a major pattern of changes involving differential expression of olfactory receptors that function in chemical sensing, as well as other chemosensing G-protein coupled receptors, was observed. These changes in chemosensory receptor expression may be related to the failure of intestinal function and dependency on parenteral nutrition observed in humans with SLC12a2 mutations. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that loss of NKCC1 affects not only secretion, but also goblet cell function and chemosensing of intestinal contents via G-protein coupled chemosensory receptors

Cardiovascular manifestations in hyperthyroidism

Background: It is well known that thyroid hormone directly affects the heart and peripheral vascular system. In hyperthyroidism, cardiovascular manifestations are frequent findings. Atrial arrhythmias, limitations in exercise tolerance, and congestive heart failure were reported to occur more common in older patients as a result of hyperthyroidism. Cardiovascular signs of hyperthyroidism include tachycardia, widened pulse pressure, marked increase in cardiac output with impaired cardiovascular and respiratory exercise capacity. Most of the cardiac abnormalities return to normal once a euthyroid state has been achieved in a majority of patients. There are very few studies which address the most important cardiovascular manifestations of hyperthyroidism particularly in Indian population. Hence this study is aimed at addressing this area. The aim was to study the prevalence of various cardiac manifestations in overt and subclinical hyperthyroidism.Methods: 50 patients of hyperthyroidism who visited general medicine department of Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Chennai, India was included in the study. Patients with other co-morbidities which could contribute to cardiovascular manifestations were excluded from the study. All the patients underwent clinical evaluation, basic laboratory tests like CBC, RFT, LFT, serum electrolytes, fasting lipid profile (which included serum triglycerides, LDL, HDL, total cholesterol), FT4, FT3 and TSH and radiological variables were studied in these patients.           ECG and 2D ECHO were performed in these patients to analyze the presence of any cardiac manifestations in these patients..Results: In this study females (60%) were more than males (40%), commonest cardio vascular symptoms were palpitation (78%), followed by dyspnoea (26%) and chest pain (4%). The commonest cardio vascular signs were found to be tachycardia (82%), widened pulse pressure (50%) and pedal edema (12%). The commonest ECG finding was found to be Sinus tachycardia (46%) followed by atrial fibrillation (28%), Non-Specific ST-T changes, left ventricular hypertrophy, RV hypertrophy and RBBB. Systolic dysfunction and chamber enlargement (18%) were the commonest echo findings.Conclusions: This study shows that cardiovascular manifestations are quite common and varied in hyperthyroidism which are to be looked for in the management.

An Investigation of the Magneto-Active Slosh Control for Cylindrical Propellant Tanks Using Floating Membranes

The phenomenon of sloshing is a substantial challenge in propellant management, particularly in reduced gravity where surface tension-driven flows result in large slosh amplitudes and relatively long decay time scales. Propellant Management Devices (PMDs) such as the rigid baffles and elastomeric membranes are often employed to counteract motion of the free surface. In the present study, we investigate an active PMD that utilizes a free-floating membrane that, under an applied static magnetic field, becomes rigid and suppresses slosh. This semi-rigid structural layer can thereby replace bulky baffle structures and reduce the overall weight of the tank. In this paper, the membrane was fabricated using Metglas 2714A alloy in a weave pattern and the experiment was run for varying slosh amplitudes at a given magnetic field gradient using the slosh research facility at Embry Riddle Aeronautical University. The resultant force acting on the walls of the cylinder is recorded for each test run using a pair of load cells that are attached at the end of each movable arm. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were setup with the parameters of the experiment to verify and validate the experimental setup. The result of this investigation provides information on the magnetic field gradient required to control certain amplitude of slosh or in other words, the maximum amplitude of slosh that can be controlled for a given magnetic field

मान्नार खाडी के ज्वारीय क्षेत्र में स्थापित नितलस्थ पिंजरों में पेनिअस सेमिसलकाटस का पालन

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Chemical characteristics and source apportionment of aerosols over Indian Ocean during INDOEX-1999

During INDOEX IFP-99, the samples of aerosols were collected onboard ORV Sagar Kanya over Indian Ocean along the cruise track, for chemical characterization and identification of dominating sources of aerosols. The concentrations of nss-SO4, nss-Ca, nss-Mg, NO3, K, NH4 and SO2 were observed to be significantly higher before ITCZ in northern hemisphere than across ITCZ in southern hemisphere. In this study, variation of concentrations of nss-SO4, nss-Ca and nss-K with respect to change in latitude, wind direction, wind speed and relative humidity have been highlighted. North of ITCZ, nss-SO4 varied from 2.20 to 18.31 μg/m3 and south of ITCZ from 0.50 to 2.79 μg/m3 while nss-Ca varied from 0.02 to 0.72 μg/m3 north of ITCZ and from 0.01 to 0.14 μg/m3 south of ITCZ. nss-K ranged 0.09-1.43 μg/m3 and 0.07-0.60 μg/m3 before ITCZ and across ITCZ respectively. nss-Ca and nss-SO4 were contributed mainly by NNW and ENE winds while nss-K was observed to be contributed mainly by SSW and ENE winds. Wind speed greater than 4.5 m/s negatively influenced the concentration of nss-Ca concentrations. Correlation coefficients of nss-SO4 with SO2 (r = 0.7) and RH (r = 0.5) suggested a significant contribution of nss-SO4 by aqueous phase oxidation of SO2. Using PCA, four major sources namely sea salt, biogenic combustion, secondary SO4 and crustal contribution were identified over Indian Ocean during INDOEX period

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Extraction, structural and physical characterization of type I collagen from the outer skin of Sepiella inermis (Orbigny, 1848)

The acid soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin soluble collagen (PSC) were extracted from the outer skin of Sepiella inermis and further characterized partially. The yield of ASC was low (0.58% on dry weight basis); whereas the yield of PSC was comparatively more (16.23% on dry weight basis). The protein content in ASC and PSC was calculated as 20.24 and 69.56%, respectively (on dry weight basis). The sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gel profile showed two bands for ASC and PSC with corresponding molecular weight of 86 and 67 kDa and 86, 63 and 58 kDa respectively. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that ASC withstand up to 75.93°C whereas the PSC withstand up to 75.05°C. The fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectrum of both ASC and PSC recorded 11 and 13 peaks, respectively. The fine structure of both ASC and PSC was also studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Key words: Sepiella inermis, acid soluble collagen (ASC), pepsin soluble collagen (PSC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)