Biological monitoring of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Fe, Zn, Ni, Cu) by tissues of Capoeta damascina from Sezar River, Lorestan Province

This study was carried out in order to measure and compare heavy metals levels (Pb,Cd,Fe, Zn, Ni and Cu) in gill and muscle of Capoeta damascina. 60 fish were caught from 3 stations in Tangeh haft zone from Sezar river. Heavy metals were measured by Atomic Absorption spectrophotometery. The highest concentrations of heavy metals Fe>Zn>Pb>Ni>Cu>Cd, respectively. The average heavy metals concentration in gill and muscle have significant different (P0.05). The results of this study showed that there were significant difference between heavy metals concentrations in gill, liver and muscle (P>0.05). The results of this study showed that there were significant difference between heavy metals concentrations in gill, liver and muscle (P <0.05). According to the result of this study concentrations of Pb in Capoeta damascina are height than international standard FAO, WHO, NHMRC, UK (MAFF)

Effect of density on some physiological responses to transportation stress in Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi (Günther 1874) fingerlings

In the present study, the effect of density on transportation stress in Mesopotamichthys sharpey fingerlings was evaluated. For this purpose, four different densities, including 40, 80, 120 and 160 g/l were used as treatments each with 3 replicates. Simulation of transport procedure was carried out for 4 hrs. The blood samples were collected from the fish prior to loading from the stocking tank (control), after 4 hrs of transportation and from released fish into recovery glass tanks at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 hrs after transportation during recovery period. For blood sampling, fish immediately anesthetized by adding 2% 2-phenoxy ethanol and the blood samples were prepared. The cortisol, glucose and lactate value of plasma were measured. The results showed a significant increase in cortisol and glucose levels (in highest density) after transportation in all treatments (P0.05). The results showed that only cortisol level was significantly different with basal level at 96 hrs. Our findings showed that this species can be transported at higher densities up to 120 g/l

Evaluation effect of dietary egg lecithin on digestive enzymes and body composition of juvenile binni (Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi Gunther, 1874)

In this study, the effects of dietary egg lecithin on digestive enzymes and body biochemical composition of juveniles Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi was evaluated. Four experimental diets including control diet (with 0% egg lecithin) and three diets containing 2%, 4% and 6% egg lecithin were used. At the end of the experiment, digestive enzymes activity (lipase, amylase and alkaline phosphatase) and body biochemical compositions were assessed. The results showed no significant differences between experimental treatments in moisture and ash content. Maximum content of the crude protein and crude lipid were recorded in 4% lecithin treatment and it had significant differences with control group. The digestive enzymes activity (lipase, amylase and alkaline phosphatase) showed significant differences between control and experimental groups. An increasing trend was observed in the digestive enzymes activity among treatments. Based on the results, it was concluded that 4% to 6% dietary egg lecithin in the diet, can promote growth and survival rate of juvenile binni

The Effects of Different Agitation Techniques of Canal Irrigant on Tubular Penetration of a Bioceramic Sealer

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the effects of different agitation techniques of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL) as the final irrigation with XP-Finisher file, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), Er:YAG laser and irrigation with conventional syringes, on penetration of Sure Seal Root bioceramic sealer into dentinal tubules. Methods and Materials: Forty freshly extracted single-rooted human teeth were included in the present in vitro study. All the teeth were prepared up to #40 (4%) with Bio Race rotary file system, using crown-down technique. After chemomechanical preparation, the teeth were randomly assigned to 4 groups based on the agitation protocol: conventional needle irrigation (CNI) with a 30-G needle in a syringe, PUI, Er:YAG laser and XP-Finisher file, Subsequent to the agitation procedure, the root canals were obturated with tapered bioceramic-covered gutta-percha point and, bioceramic sealer, using the single-cone technique. The maximum penetration of the sealer into the dentinal tubules was determined in the coronal, middle and apical thirds using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) technique. After confirmation of the normal distribution of data with Shapiro-Wilk test, Data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results: The mean penetration depth of the bioceramic sealer into the dentinal tubules in the PUI group was greater than that of other groups; however, the difference between the two PUI and Er:YAG laser groups in the apical third was not significant (P=0.078). Er:YAG laser, PUI and XP-Finisher file agitation techniques resulted in significantly greater penetration of the bioceramic sealer into the dentinal tubules compared to the CNI (P&lt;0.001). The XP-Finisher file technique in the apical (P=0.752) and middle thirds (P=0.339) and the Er:YAG laser technique in the apical thirds (P=0.086) were not significantly different from the conventional irrigation technique. Conclusion: The PUI technique resulted in significantly deeper penetration of the Bioceramic sealer into the dentinal tubules compared to the three other techniques. Keywords: Endodontics; Lasers; Root Canal Preparation; Ultrasonic; XP Endo Finisher

Evaluation and Ranking of Citrus Gardens’ Risks Using TOPSIS Method (Case Study: East of Mazandaran Province)

Citrus production has a great importance and position in Iran. The growth and sustainability of the agriculture sector is impossible without appropriate and effective risk identification and management. In this study, the main risks of citrus gardens were identified based on the Delphi method through questionnaires completed by 16 experts. Then, using the TOPSIS technique, the risks involved in the horticultural industry of Mazandaran Province were prioritized during 2010- 2016 and the most important risk of Mazandaran gardens was selected based on the Shannon unweighted entropy matrix. The results showed that the most important horticultural risks were related to the risks of pests and diseases, price, damage, and production, respectively. In addition, the lowest risks were related to technical, labor and credit risks, respectively. Therefore, the results indicated the significant influence of the risks of pests and diseases, price and loss in horticulture. Among the risks of pests and diseases, mealy bugs, red mites and aphids with 76, 73 and 70 percent, respectively, were of the highest risk and risks arising from financing, purchasing the product and the damage caused by drip irrigation and emitters were of the lowest risk. The risk exposure represented that risk management should be considered in these fields. In this regard, it is essential to make major reforms in risk management areas involved in orchards. Thus, the planners and policymakers must consider this issue

Rising the persian gulf black-lip pearl oyster to the species level: fragmented habitat and chaotic genetic patchiness in Pinctada persica

Marine organisms with long pelagic larval stages are expected to exhibit low genetic differentiation due to their potential to disperse over large distances. Growing body of evidence, however, suggests that marine populations can differentiate over small spatial scales. Here we focused on black-lip pearl oysters from the Persian Gulf that are thought to belong to the Pinctada margaritifera complex given their morphological affinities. This species complex includes seven lineages that show a wide distribution ranging from the Persian Gulf (Pinctada margaritifera persica) and Indian Ocean (P. m. zanzibarensis) to the French Polynesia (P. m. cumingii) and Hawai'i (P. m. galtsoffi). Despite the long pelagic larval phase of P. m. persica, this lineage is absent from continental locations and can only be found on a few islands of the Persian Gulf. Mitochondrial COI-based analyses indicated that P. m. persica belongs to a clearly divergent ESU and groups with specimens from Mauritius (P. m. zanzibarensis). Microsatellite data, used here to assess the spatial scale of realized dispersal of Persian Gulf black-lip pearl oysters, revealed significant genetic structure among islands distant of only a few dozen kilometres. The scantiness of suitable habitats most likely restricted the distribution of this lineage originating the observed chaotic genetic patchiness. The hatchery-based enhancement performed in one of the sampled islands may also have affected population genetic structure. The long-term accumulation of genetic differences likely resulted from the allopatric divergence between P. m. persica and the neighbouring Indian Ocean black-lip pearl oysters

Effect of alkaline ph on sealing ability of white mineral trioxide aggregate

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate microleakage of white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) after its exposure to a range of alkaline environments during hydration. Study Design: Seventy single-rooted teeth were divided into 4 experimental and 2 control groups. All the teeth were instrumented, and their apices were resected. Root-end cavities were filled with WMTA in the experimental groups. In the control groups, root-end cavities were not filled. Root-end fillings were exposed to alkaline environments with pH values of 7.4, 8.4, 9.4, or 10.4 for 3 days. Microleakage was evaluated by bovine serum albumin. Evaluations were carried out at 24-hour intervals for 80 days. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and a post hoc Tukey test at the 0.05 level of confidence. Results: The number of days (mean ± standard deviation) needed for color change at pH values of 7.4, 8.4, 9.4, and 10.4 were 78.53 ± 5.68, 80.00 ± 0.00, 68.93 ± 19.00, and 34.46 ± 12.73, respectively. The time needed for leakage to occur was significantly shorter in samples stored at a pH value of 10.4 (P<0.001). Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that pH values greater than 9.4 may jeopardize the sealing ability of WMTA during hydration. © Medicina Oral S. L

Sex differences in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis after adenoviral vaccination against COVID-19

Introduction: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis associated with vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (CVST-VITT) is a severe disease with high mortality. There are few data on sex differences in CVST-VITT. The aim of our study was to investigate the differences in presentation, treatment, clinical course, complications, and outcome of CVST-VITT between women and men. Patients and methods: We used data from an ongoing international registry on CVST-VITT. VITT was diagnosed according to the Pavord criteria. We compared the characteristics of CVST-VITT in women and men. Results: Of 133 patients with possible, probable, or definite CVST-VITT, 102 (77%) were women. Women were slightly younger [median age 42 (IQR 28–54) vs 45 (28–56)], presented more often with coma (26% vs 10%) and had a lower platelet count at presentation [median (IQR) 50x109/L (28–79) vs 68 (30–125)] than men. The nadir platelet count was lower in women [median (IQR) 34 (19–62) vs 53 (20–92)]. More women received endovascular treatment than men (15% vs 6%). Rates of treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins were similar (63% vs 66%), as were new venous thromboembolic events (14% vs 14%) and major bleeding complications (30% vs 20%). Rates of good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale 0-2, 42% vs 45%) and in-hospital death (39% vs 41%) did not differ. Discussion and conclusions: Three quarters of CVST-VITT patients in this study were women. Women were more severely affected at presentation, but clinical course and outcome did not differ between women and men. VITT-specific treatments were overall similar, but more women received endovascular treatment.</p

Assessment of Diadochokinetic skills in 7 to 9-year-old students of primary schools in Kermanshah, Iran

Introduction: Speech production involves planning, programming and implementation phases for which several specific regions of cerebrum are responsible. Deficits in these steps can be manifested in disorders of speech production and Diadochokinesis. Diadochokinetic tasks are used in assessment and management of speech disorders such as dysarthria and cerebella impairments. The aim of this research was to assess and determine Diadochokinetic performances of 7 to 9-year-old students studying at primary schools of Kermanshah, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive and analytic study, 210 students (105 females, 105 males) were randomly recruited from the elementary schools of Kermanshah province and then were equally divided into three age groups (7, 8 and 9-year olds). Students had to repeat one syllable consisting of a consonant and a vowel twenty times to determine their production rate. Results: The result showed that the average times of repeating one syllable for 7, 8 and 9-year old children were 5.05, 4.68 and 4.47 seconds respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that age and the type of vowel used in the assessment can affect Diadochokinetic skills and that the results of such assessments should be incorporated in diagnosis and treatment of articulation disorders. Keywords: Diadochokinesis, Repeating monosyllabic sounds, Oral motor functio