43 research outputs found
The Antimicrobial Peptide Histatin-5 Causes a Spatially Restricted Disruption on the Candida albicans Surface, Allowing Rapid Entry of the Peptide into the Cytoplasm
Antimicrobial peptides play an important role in host defense against microbial pathogens. Their high cationic charge and strong amphipathic structure allow them to bind to the anionic microbial cell membrane and disrupt the membrane bilayer by forming pores or channels. In contrast to the classical pore-forming peptides, studies on histatin-5 (Hst-5) have suggested that the peptide is transported into the cytoplasm of Candida albicans in a non-lytic manner, and cytoplasmic Hst-5 exerts its candicidal activities on various intracellular targets, consistent with its weak amphipathic structure. To understand how Hst-5 is internalized, we investigated the localization of FITC-conjugated Hst-5. We find that Hst-5 is internalized into the vacuole through receptor-mediated endocytosis at low extracellular Hst-5 concentrations, whereas under higher physiological concentrations, Hst-5 is translocated into the cytoplasm through a mechanism that requires a high cationic charge on Hst-5. At intermediate concentrations, two cell populations with distinct Hst-5 localizations were observed. By cell sorting, we show that cells with vacuolar localization of Hst-5 survived, while none of the cells with cytoplasmic Hst-5 formed colonies. Surprisingly, extracellular Hst-5, upon cell surface binding, induces a perturbation on the cell surface, as visualized by an immediate and rapid internalization of Hst-5 and propidium iodide or rhodamine B into the cytoplasm from the site using time-lapse microscopy, and a concurrent rapid expansion of the vacuole. Thus, the formation of a spatially restricted site in the plasma membrane causes the initial injury to C. albicans and offers a mechanism for its internalization into the cytoplasm. Our study suggests that, unlike classical channel-forming antimicrobial peptides, action of Hst-5 requires an energized membrane and causes localized disruptions on the plasma membrane of the yeast. This mechanism of cell membrane disruption may provide species-specific killing with minimal damage to microflora and the host and may be used by many other antimicrobial peptides
Effect of soil sorption complex and pH on the determination of non-polar extractives (NEL) by IR.
katedra: KCH; rozsah: 100 s. (66781 znakĹŻ)The goal of this bachelor thesis is to introduce principles of determination of soil sorption capacity and non-polar extractives and to test these procedures to find the connection between soil sorption complex and the rate of recovery of non-polar extractives rated by IR?spectroscopy.CĂlem tĂ©to bakalářskĂ© práce je seznámit s principy stanovenĂ sorpÄŤnĂch kapacit pĹŻdy a stanovenĂ nepolárnĂch extrahovatelnĂ˝ch látek a odzkoušet postupy pro nalezenĂ souvislosti pĹŻdnĂho sorpÄŤnĂho komplexu s vĂ˝těžnostĂ extrakce pĹ™i stanovenĂ nepolárnÄ› extrahovatelnĂ˝ch látek metodou IR
Application Platfom XNA and Samples
Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá technologiemi DirectX a XNA od firmy Microsoft. Práce
popisuje postupnĂ˝ vĂ˝voj tÄ›chto technologiĂ a jejich porovnánĂ.TakĂ© porovnává technologii
XNA s nativnĂmi zobrazovacĂmi prostĹ™edky operaÄŤnĂho systĂ©mu Windows a porovnává
systĂ©movĂ© poĹľadavky jednotlivĂ˝ch technologiĂ. Ověřuje nasazenĂ na alternativnĂch
platformách. V pĹ™Ăloze je uveden ukázkovĂ˝ kĂłd ve tĹ™ech rĹŻznĂ˝ch verzĂch.Katedra elektromechaniky a vĂ˝konovĂ© elektronikyObhájenoThis bachelor thesis is interested in technologies DirectX and XNA from Microsoft.
The theme is about progress of these technologies and their comparsion.
It also compares XNA with nativa application of OS Windows. Compares hardware requirements of each technology. It checks running of these applications on other platforms. Annex contains sample code for three versions
Actual information literacy programs in the Czech Republic and in other foreign countries
TĂ©matem práce je charakteristika souÄŤasnĂ˝ch postupĹŻ a trendĹŻ v tvorbÄ› a aplikovánĂ rĹŻznĂ˝ch programĹŻ informaÄŤnĂ gramotnosti do celĂ©ho vzdÄ›lávacĂho procesu. CĂlem práce je snaha o zmapovánĂ moĹľnostĂ aplikovánĂ informaÄŤnĂ vĂ˝chovy do vzdÄ›lávacĂho systĂ©mu na základnĂch, stĹ™ednĂch a vysokĂ˝ch školách. Práce se v Ăşvodu zabĂ˝vá teoretickĂ˝mi vĂ˝chodisky a definuje pojem informaÄŤnĂ gramotnosti pro potĹ™eby jejĂho praktickĂ©ho vyuĹľitĂ. Dále se v práci klade dĹŻraz zejmĂ©na na problematiku rozvoje informaÄŤnĂ gramotnosti v ÄŚeskĂ© republice, kde se analyzuje stav státnĂ informaÄŤnĂ a vzdÄ›lávacĂ politiky a uvádÄ›jĂ se vĂ˝znamnĂ© pĹ™Ăklady aplikovánĂ programĹŻ rozvoje informaÄŤnĂ gramotnosti ve všech vzdÄ›lávacĂch stupnĂch s dĹŻrazem na univerzity. Část práce je rovněž vÄ›nována aktuálnĂmu stavu rozvoje informaÄŤnĂ gramotnosti ve vybranĂ˝ch zahraniÄŤnĂch zemĂch. Jsou zde uvedeny vĂ˝znamnĂ© aktivity EvropskĂ© unie, USA, VelkĂ© Británie a Austrálie. Práci uzavĂrajĂ pĹ™Ăklady mezinárodnĂ spolupráce v rámci rĹŻznĂ˝ch organizacĂ
Effect of soil sorption complex and Humic substances on the determination of Non-polar extractable substances in soil by FTIR.
183 s. :obr., tab., grafy +CD ROMCĂlem tĂ©to diplomovĂ© práce je objasnit principy stanovenĂ maximálnĂ sorpÄŤnĂ kapacity pĹŻdy a stanovenĂ nepolárnĂch látek. Dále je cĂlem nalĂ©zt souvislost pouĹľitelnou pro korekci obdrĹľenĂ˝ch vĂ˝sledkĹŻ mezi maximálnĂ sorpÄŤnĂ kapacitou, barevnĂ˝m indexem a vĂ˝těžnostĂ extrakce nepolárnĂch extrahovatelnĂ˝ch látek stanovovanĂ˝ch metodou IR