ATUAÇÃO DO CIRURGIÃO DENTISTA NA DIMINUIÇÃO DE CASOS DE PNEUMONIA NOSOCOMIAL

Hospital Dentistry plays a fundamental role in promoting hygiene in the oral cavity in hospitalized patients, avoiding the appearance of infections such as nosocomial pneumonia. The present study is a literature review about the relationship between the work of the dentist with the lowest incidence of nosocomial pneumonia, thus evidencing the importance of Hospital Dentistry. The articles were searched by the descriptors: "Hospital Dentistry", "nosocomial pneumonia", "oral hygiene" and "oral health and pneumonia" through the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Information Center (BIREME), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), National Library of Medicine (PubMED), Network of Scientific Journals in Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal (Redalyc) and Google Scholar. Through the systemic analysis of the studies, it was noted that only one of the seventeen articles did not associate oral hygiene with nosocomial pneumonia. This type of pneumonia is developed only in a hospital environment, caused by bacteria of the genus Streptococcus, microorganisms common in the oral cavity. As proven in the article, the presence of the dentist in these environments considerably decreases the deaths caused by this type of disease, in addition to preserving the oral health of these patients who are immunocompromised. La Odontología Hospitalaria juega un papel fundamental en la promoción de la higiene en la cavidad oral en pacientes hospitalizados, evitando la aparición de infecciones como la neumonía nosocomial. El presente estudio es una revisión de la literatura sobre la relación entre el trabajo del dentista con la menor incidencia de neumonía nosocomial, evidenciando así la importancia de la Odontología Hospitalaria. Los artículos fueron buscados por los descriptores: "Odontología Hospitalaria", "neumonía nosocomial", "higiene bucal" y "salud bucal y neumonía" a través del Centro de Información de Ciencias de la Salud de América Latina y el Caribe (BIREME), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (PubMED), Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe, España y Portugal (Redalyc) y Google Scholar. A través del análisis sistémico de los estudios, se observó que sólo uno de los diecisiete artículos no asoció la higiene bucal con la neumonía nosocomial. Este tipo de neumonía se desarrolla solo en un ambiente hospitalario, causada por bacterias del género Streptococcus, microorganismos comunes en la cavidad oral. Como se demuestra en el artículo, la presencia del dentista en estos ambientes disminuye considerablemente las muertes causadas por este tipo de enfermedad, además de preservar la salud bucodenal de estos pacientes inmunodeprimidos. A Odontologia Hospitalar tem papel fundamental na promoção da higienização na cavidade oral em pacientes hospitalizados, evitando o aparecimento de infecções como a pneumonia nosocomial. O presente estudo é uma revisão de literatura a respeito da relação existente entre a atuação do cirurgião dentista com a menor incidência de pneumonia nosocomial, evidenciando, assim, a importância da Odontologia Hospitalar. Os artigos foram pesquisados pelos descritores: "Odontologia Hospitalar”, “pneumonia nosocomial”, "higiene oral” e “saúde bucal e pneumonia” através dos bancos de dados Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde (BIREME), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), National Library of Medicine (PubMED), Rede de Revistas Científicas da América Latina e Caribe, Espanha e Portugal (Redalyc) e Google Acadêmico. Mediante a análise sistêmica dos estudos, notou-se, que apenas um dos dezessete artigos não associou a higiene bucal com a pneumonia nosocomial. Esse tipo de pneumonia é desenvolvido somente em ambiente hospitalar, causada por bactérias do gênero Streptococcus, micro-organismos comuns na cavidade oral. Como comprovado no artigo, a presença do cirurgião dentista nesses ambientes diminui consideravelmente as mortes provocadas por esse tipo de doença, além de preservar a saúde oral desses pacientes que estão imunocomprometidos.  &nbsp

ANÁLISE DA INFLUÊNCIA DA HIPERTENSÃO ARTERIAL SISTÊMICA E DA INSUFICIÊNCIA CARDÍACA NO AGRAVO DO QUADRO CLÍNICO DE PACIENTES COM DOENÇA RENAL CRÔNICA: uma revisão de literatura

Introduction: systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and heart failure, epidemiologically, are diseases that model consequences for other systems of the human body, for example chronic kidney disease (CKD). The development of this appears to be a social consequence of lack of knowledge, as its secondary outcomes are controllable and treatable. Countries like Brazil have exorbitant expenses when it comes to financing dialysis and transplant procedures, with an increase in these numbers, especially in young patients decompensated for their underlying diseases. The objective of this work is to observe the incidence in the literature of SAH and heart failure in patients related to the worsening of CKD. Methodology: descriptive study in narrative review, which seeks to answer the PICO acromion “What is the influence of systemic arterial hypertension and heart failure on the worsening of the clinical condition of patients with chronic kidney disease? ”. Discussion: CKD's pathophysiology is the loss of kidney function, where they lose functionality and destroy their specific cells, resulting in the inability to maintain metabolic balance. It proves to be a problem of public responsibility, where more and more deaths in the population are reported. The main risk factors for CKD are highly prevalent chronic diseases such as hypertension and heart failure, the first being the most described in the literature as a triggering factor. Thus resulting in worsening of renal function laboratory results, resulting in chronic kidney injury (CRF). Results: Analyzing the databases, articles in the last 10 years were observed, where 38.6% had the descriptors systemic arterial hypertension and heart failure, describing them as their main secondary outcome. Conclusion: to the scientific society, it contributes summarized and updated indexes reporting the relationship between these precursor pathologies. To society, it informs the problem and a way to inform the patient about their health condition and better understanding.Introdução: hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e Insuficiência cardíaca, epidemiologicamente são doenças modeladoras de consequências a outros sistemas do corpo humano, por exemplo a doença renal crônica (DRC). O desenvolvimento desta mostra-se como consequência social a falta de conhecimento, pois seus desfechos secundários são controláveis e tratáveis. Países como o Brasil, possuem gastos exorbitantes quando ao custeio de procedimentos de diálise e transplante, sendo observado uma crescente nestes números, principalmente em pacientes jovens descompensados das doenças de base. O objetivo deste trabalho são observar a incidência na literatura, sobre a HAS e insuficiência cardíaca em pacientes relacionadas ao agravo da DRC. Metodologia: estudo descritivo em revisão de narrativa, que procura responder ao acrômio PICO “Qual é a influência da hipertensão arterial sistêmica e da insuficiência cardíaca no agravo do quadro clínico de pacientes com doença renal crônica? ”. Discussão: DRC tem como fisiopatologia a perda da função renal, onde estes perdem a funcionalidade e destroem suas células especificas, resultando na incapacidade em manter o equilíbrio metabólico. Mostra-se uma mazela de responsabilidade pública, onde cada vez mais relados de morte na população são relatados. Os principais fatores de risco para a DRC são doenças crônicas de alta prevalência como HAS e insuficiência cardíaca, sendo a primeira a mais descrita na literatura como fator desencadeante. Assim resultando na piora dos resultados laboratoriais de função renal, resultando em uma injúria renal crônica (IRC). Resultados: Analisando as bases de dados, foi observado artigos nos últimos 10 anos, onde 38,6% tinham os descritores hipertensão Arterial sistêmica e insuficiência cardíaca, descrevendo como seu principal desfecho secundário. Conclusão: à sociedade científica, contribui com índices resumidos e atualizados relatando a relação entre estas patologias precursoras. À sociedade, informa sua problemática e uma maneira em informar o paciente sobre a sua condição de saúde e melhor compreensão

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

IL-32γ promotes the healing of murine cutaneous lesions caused by Leishmania braziliensis infection in contrast to Leishmania amazonensis

Abstract Background Interleukin 32 (IL-32) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine induced in patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) caused by Leishmania braziliensis. Here, we investigated whether IL-32 is also expressed in patient lesions caused by L. amazonensis. In addition, we evaluated experimental L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis infections in C57BL/6 transgenic mice for human IL-32γ (IL-32γTg) in comparison with wild-type (WT) mice that do not express the IL-32 gene. Results Human cutaneous lesions caused by L. amazonensis express higher levels of IL-32 than healthy control skin. In mice, the presence of IL-32γ promoted the control of cutaneous lesions caused by L. braziliensis, but not lesions caused by L. amazonensis in an ear dermis infection model. In addition, IL-32γTg mice displayed less tissue parasitism and inflammation in IL-32γTg than WT mice during the healing phase of L. braziliensis infection. Production of antigen-specific pro-inflammatory cytokines was higher in IL-32γTg mice than in WT mice during L. braziliensis infection but not during L. amazonensis infection. Conclusions Human cutaneous lesions caused by L. amazonensis express high levels of IL-32. In mice, the presence of IL-32γ contributes to the lesion healing caused by L. braziliensis but not by L. amazonensis. Data suggest that despite the ability for both species to induce IL-32 in humans, the connections between this cytokine and other immune players induced by related species of parasites can lead to distinct outcomes of the murine infections