Technologies mobiles : quand l’innovation vole au secours des écosystèmes

L’ubiquité est une propriété remarquable des technologies mobiles qui initient de nouvelles pratiques dans le domaine de la protection de la nature. Fondés sur le numérique, les objets connectés changent indéniablement la donne en dotant les défenseurs de la nature de capacités accrues de surveillance et d’analyse. Cela permet ainsi de suivre le rythme de l’un des défis les plus importants de notre ère : la sauvegarde du patrimoine environnemental.Parmi ces technologies, les drones sont une des réalisations les plus innovantes. Notre propos est de poser la question de l’impact de leur usage à des fins civiles sur les normes et pratiques de sauvegarde du patrimoine environnemental. Quels en sont les impacts, les limites, et quelles perspectives peut- on voir se dessiner ? Cette analyse sur les implications de l’utilisation de ces technologies mobiles est effectuée dans une double approche informationnelle et juridique.Ubiquity is a remarkable property of mobile technologies that initiate new practices in the field of nature protection. Digitally based, connected objects undeniably change the situation by giving the defenders of nature better monitoring and analysis capabilities. This helps to keep pace with one of the most important challenges of our era : safeguarding environmental heritage. Among these technologies, drones are one of the most innovative achievements. Our purpose is to ask the question of the impact of their use for civil purposes on standards and practices for safeguarding the environmental heritage. What are the impacts, the limits, and what perspectives can we foresee ? This analysis of the implications of the use of these mobile technologies is carried out in a dual informational and legal approach.La ubicuidad es una propiedad notable de las tecnologías móviles que inician nuevas prácticas en el campo de la protección de la naturaleza. Los objetos conectados basados en digital están cambiando la situación dando a los defensores de la naturaleza más recursos de monitoreo y análisis. Esto ayuda a mantenerse al día con uno de los desafíos más importantes de nuestra era : salvaguardar el patrimonio ambiental.Entreestastecnologías, losdronesson uno de los logros más innovadores. Nuestro propósito es plantear la cuestión del impacto de su uso para fines civiles en las normas y prácticas para salvaguardar el patrimonio ambiental. ¿Cuáles son los impactos, los límites y las perspectivas que podemos ver ? Este análisis de las implicaciones del uso de estas tecnologías móviles se realiza en un doble enfoque informativo y legal

Vers l’Europe numérique. Les enjeux de l’édition électronique multimédia

L’Europe, creuset de cultures composites est confrontée à la nécessité de son élaboration identitaire. La conception et la diffusion de produits multimédias est désormais un enjeu économique et stratégique majeur au plan mondial. L’édition électronique, soutenue par la politique Communautaire rencontre cependant des freins dans son expansion, car elle est confrontée à la concurrence des services en ligne et des fabricants de matériel et de logiciels. Face à la concentration des grands trusts internationaux, les entreprises d’édition hésitent à développer leur production numérique. Cependant, s’ils intègrent des logiques d’innovation, de coopération et de partenariat international, les éditeurs détenteurs d’une indéniable expertise en matière de production de contenus ont un rôle majeur à jouer dans l’élaboration d’une information à dimension multiculturelle.Europe, the melting pot of composite cultures, is faced with the necessity of establishing a communal identity. From now on, the economic and strategic stakes on a world-wide scale are considerable in the creation and distribution of multimedia products. Electronic desktop publishing, while supported by European Community policies, encounters, however, notable resistance to its expansion as it confronts competition from on-line services and manufacturers of software and computer equipement. Faced with the mergers of big international companies, publishing firms hesitate to develop e-books and computer-based products. However, if they would use innovations in software technology and seek participation in international partnerships, the publishers who have an undeniable expertise in terms of book production and content have a major role to play in developing multicultural information systems

Internet espace éditorial pour la communication homme-animal

Au-delà d ‘une typologie des principaux sites Web traitant de la relation Homme/animal, nous tenterons de dégager des tendances parmi leurs pratiques éditoriales afin de déceler le caractère novateur de leurs productions. Il s’agit de mesurer l’enjeu que peut représenter la production électronique d’un point de vue stratégique. Rares sont les institutions qui ne possèdent désormais leur site Web, mais la question fondamentale est d’estimer l’usage qu’elles en font. Les potentiels du numérique modifient les modalités de conception, de diffusion et de réception des messages : Internet est un média de diffusion, mais aussi d’interaction. Quels enjeux cela représente-t-il pour la communication des organisations qui s’intéressent au phénomènes d’interaction entre l’homme et l’animal ?After drawing a typology of the main Web sites dealing with the relation between man and animals (corporate information, factual data, articles and texts...) the author tries to distinguish what are the trends in publishing activities, and see how much innovative they are. The aim is to measure what strategic dimension is at slake in electronic publishing. Most of institutions now display a Web site, but the question remains of what they really do with it. Technical potentialities of numerical encoding induce new modes of conception, diffusion and reception of messages. Internet is both a diffusion and an interaction medium. What use do organizations for social, economical, political or health action in the field of man/animal interaction make of this potential

L’intelligence informationnelle : Du biomimétisme à l’humanisme numérique

Les évolutions de l’information liées au développement des technologies numériques prennent de plus en plus de place dans les activités humaines, ce qui entraîne des risques de dépendance et de perte de lien avec notre environnement naturel. Pourtant, parmi les inventions techniques, celles qui sont à la pointe de l’innovation imitent la nature. Le bio mimétisme consiste à s'inspirer du vivant pour atteindre l’excellence dans les domaines de l’industrie de l’urbanisme, mais aussi dans le domaine de l’information et de l’intelligence artificielle.Cependant les performances de l’ordinateur biologique qu’est le cerveau humain sont encore loin d’être atteintes. Cela pose la question du rapport de l’homme à ce qui l’entoure et à ses productions. Comment peut-on expliquer ce penchant à « copier » la nature et peut-on y voir l’indice d’un nouvel humanisme à l’ère du numérique ?The evolutions of information related to the development of digital technologies are taking more and more space in human activities, which entails risks of dependence and loss of connection with our natural environment.Yet, among the technical inventions, those at the forefront of innovation imitate nature. Bio-mimicry is about taking inspiration from living systems to achieve excellence in the fields of the urban planning industry, but also in the field of information and artificial intelligence. However, the performance of the biological computer that is the human brain is still far from being achieved.This raises the question of the relationship of man to his surroundings and his productions. How can one explain this tendency to "copy" nature and can we see it as a sign of a new humanism in the digital age ?La evolución de la información relacionada con el desarrollo de tecnologías digitales está ocupando cada vez más importancia en las actividades humanas, lo que conlleva riesgos de dependencia y de pérdida de conexión con nuestro ambiente natural.Sin embargo, entre los inventos técnicos, los que están a la vanguardia de la innovación imitan la naturaleza. La biomimética consiste en inspirarse en los sistemas vivos para alcanzar la excelencia en los campos de la industria de la planificación urbana, pero también en el campo de la información y de la inteligencia artificial. Sin embargo, el rendimiento de la computadora biológica que es el cerebro humano aún está lejos de lograrse.Esto plantea la cuestión de la relación del hombre con su entorno y con sus producciones. ¿Cómo se puede explicar esta tendencia a "copiar" la naturaleza y podemos verla como un signo de un nuevo humanismo en la era digital 

Tributação Ambiental: a utilização de instrumentos econômicos e fiscais na implementação do direito ao meio ambiente saudável

Divulgação dos SUMÁRIOS das obras recentemente incorporadas ao acervo da Biblioteca Ministro Oscar Saraiva do STJ. Em respeito à lei de Direitos Autorais, não disponibilizamos a obra na íntegra. Localização: 336.2:504(81) T928t Código de barras: STJ00065593O trabalho traça uma breve análise técnico-fiscal dos instrumentos de tributação ambiental e, passando por uma rápida análise prática do perfil ecofiscal internacional e nacional, culmina com o estudo do ICMS Ecológico, política pública ambiental em vigor em diversos Estados brasileiros, que cristaliza os diversos argumentos expostos ao longo do texto, em resultados extremamente positivos para a construção de um novo modelo de desenvolvimento sustentável

Taxas: equivalência e igualdade

As taxas são tributos vinculados a atuação estatal, de modo que sua estrutura não pode se distanciar do ato estatal em si. Isso significa que a hipótese de incidência, a base de cálculo, a alíquota, e, sobretudo, os contribuintes desta espécie tributária devem ter relação de equivalência com a ação pública prestada, sob pena de violação do texto constitucional. Contudo, tem-se verificado que o STF, interpretando a Constituição, adotou o entendimento de que princípios como o da capacidade contributiva são aplicáveis às taxas, como medida de isonomia e, por isso, de justiça tributária, muito embora disso resulte um estremecimento na relação de equivalência. Nesse contexto, verificou-se, a partir da doutrina de Sérgio Vasques, que vem ganhando força o entendimento que o princípio da equivalência melhor reflete, no caso dos tributos comutativos, o ideal de igualdade tributária. Diante da problemática, surgiu a necessidade de analisar a prática do STF diante desta teoria. Após a exposição do conceito e da estrutura das taxas, da teoria do princípio da equivalência, e da análise crítica da jurisprudência do STF, concluiu-se que o princípio da equivalência, assim como o princípio da capacidade contributiva, merece proteção, justo por refletir o ideal de justiça fiscal nas taxas

Taxas: equivalência e igualdade

As taxas são tributos vinculados a atuação estatal, de modo que sua estrutura não pode se distanciar do ato estatal em si. Isso significa que a hipótese de incidência, a base de cálculo, a alíquota, e, sobretudo, os contribuintes desta espécie tributária devem ter relação de equivalência com a ação pública prestada, sob pena de violação do texto constitucional. Contudo, tem-se verificado que o STF, interpretando a Constituição, adotou o entendimento de que princípios como o da capacidade contributiva são aplicáveis às taxas, como medida de isonomia e, por isso, de justiça tributária, muito embora disso resulte um estremecimento na relação de equivalência. Nesse contexto, verificou-se, a partir da doutrina de Sérgio Vasques, que vem ganhando força o entendimento que o princípio da equivalência melhor reflete, no caso dos tributos comutativos, o ideal de igualdade tributária. Diante da problemática, surgiu a necessidade de analisar a prática do STF diante desta teoria. Após a exposição do conceito e da estrutura das taxas, da teoria do princípio da equivalência, e da análise crítica da jurisprudência do STF, concluiu-se que o princípio da equivalência, assim como o princípio da capacidade contributiva, merece proteção, justo por refletir o ideal de justiça fiscal nas taxas

Critical Discourse Analysis of Media Texts

El volumen presenta una panorámica del Análisis Crítico del Discurso de los textos mediáticos. El Análisis Crítico del Discurso es un modelo que parte de la Lingüística Crítica, basada a su vez en la Gramática Funcional de M. A. K. Halliday. En el volumen se resumen los principales enfoques de esta teoría. El volumen está compuesto de diversos artículos en los que se analizan diferentes casos concretos de los discursos de los medios de comunicación de masas (discurso informativo, discurso publicitario, discurso televisivo y discurso fílmico)The volume presents an overview of Critical Discourse Analysis of media texts. Critical Discourse Analysis is a framework departing from Critical Linguistics, which is based, in turn, on Functional Grammar as developed by M. A. K. Halliday. In this volume several approaches to Critical Discourse Analysis are summed up. In addition, the volume is composed by several papers where diverse concrete cases of media discourses are analysed (news discourse, advertisement discourse, television discourse and filmic discourse

Impact of discordance between patient's and evaluator's global assessment on treatment outcomes in 14 868 patients with spondyloarthritis

Funding: This work was supported by Novartis. Novartis had no influence on the data collection, statistical analyses, manuscript preparation or decision to submit.Peer reviewedPostprintPostprintPostprintPostprin

Impairment of gut microbial biotin metabolism and host biotin status in severe obesity: effect of biotin and prebiotic supplementation on improved metabolism

Objectives Gut microbiota is a key component in obesity and type 2 diabetes, yet mechanisms and metabolites central to this interaction remain unclear. We examined the human gut microbiome\u27s functional composition in healthy metabolic state and the most severe states of obesity and type 2 diabetes within the MetaCardis cohort. We focused on the role of B vitamins and B7/B8 biotin for regulation of host metabolic state, as these vitamins influence both microbial function and host metabolism and inflammation. Design We performed metagenomic analyses in 1545 subjects from the MetaCardis cohorts and different murine experiments, including germ-free and antibiotic treated animals, faecal microbiota transfer, bariatric surgery and supplementation with biotin and prebiotics in mice. Results Severe obesity is associated with an absolute deficiency in bacterial biotin producers and transporters, whose abundances correlate with host metabolic and inflammatory phenotypes. We found suboptimal circulating biotin levels in severe obesity and altered expression of biotin-associated genes in human adipose tissue. In mice, the absence or depletion of gut microbiota by antibiotics confirmed the microbial contribution to host biotin levels. Bariatric surgery, which improves metabolism and inflammation, associates with increased bacterial biotin producers and improved host systemic biotin in humans and mice. Finally, supplementing high-fat diet-fed mice with fructo-oligosaccharides and biotin improves not only the microbiome diversity, but also the potential of bacterial production of biotin and B vitamins, while limiting weight gain and glycaemic deterioration. Conclusion Strategies combining biotin and prebiotic supplementation could help prevent the deterioration of metabolic states in severe obesity