Ultra-downsizing of internal combustion engines: simultaneous increasing of thermal converssion efficiency and power while reducing emissions

Paper presented at the 8th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Mauritius, 11-13 July, 2011.The Downsizing of internal combustion engines (ICE) is al-ready recognized as a very suitable method for the concurrent enhancement of the indicated fuel conversion efficiency (IFCE) and lowering of the CO2 and NOx emissions [1], [2]. In this report the Ultra-Downsizing is introduced as a still higher development stage of ICE. The Ultra-Downsizing will be implemented here by means of real Atkinson cycles, using asymmetrical crank mechanisms, combined with a very inten-sive multistage high-pressure turbocharging with intensive intercooling. This will allow an increase of ICE performance while keeping the thermal and mechanical strain strength of engine components within the current usual limits.The Downsizing of internal combustion engines (ICE) is al-ready recognized as a very suitable method for the concurrent enhancement of the indicated fuel conversion efficiency (IFCE) and lowering of the CO2 and NOx emissions [1], [2]. In this report the Ultra-Downsizing is introduced as a still higher development stage of ICE. The Ultra-Downsizing will be implemented here by means of real Atkinson cycles, using asymmetrical crank mechanisms, combined with a very inten-sive multistage high-pressure turbocharging with intensive intercooling. This will allow an increase of ICE performance while keeping the thermal and mechanical strain strength of engine components within the current usual limits.pm201

Enhancement potential of the thermal conversion efficiency of ice cycles especially for use in hybrid vehicles

Paper presented at the 5th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, South Africa, 1-4 July, 2007.Most automobile manufacturers have developed hybrid vehicles that combine an internal combustion engine and an electric motor, fusing the advantages of these two power sources. For example Toyota in its Prius II uses a gasoline engine which achieves high efficiency by using a modified Atkinson cycle based on variable valve timing management. This implementation of the Atkinson cycle is not the optimal solution because e.g. some of the air is first sucked from the intake manifold into the cylinder and subsequently returned. This oscillating air stream considerably reduces the thermal conversion efficiency of this cycle. In this paper the losses in the thermal conversion efficiency of internal combustion engines, and especially of Atkinson cycles, are analyzed in detail and a proposal for an improvement cycle for such applications is made.cs201

A POSSIBLE CASE OF LEK DEMES IN SOME TROGLOPHILIC BATS AND INTERSPECIFIC RELATIONS IN BAT COLONIES FROM SOME ROMANIAN CAVES ?

Five bat species from the Romanian fauna shelterand hibernate in caves: Mediterranean Horseshoe Bat – Rhinolophus euryale Blasius, 1853; Mehely’s horseshoe bat – Rhinolophus mehelyi Matschie, 1901; the common bent-wing bat/Schreibers’ long-fingered bat/Schreibers’ bat – Miniopterus schreibersii (Kuhl, 1917); the long-fingered bat – Myotis capaccinii (Bonaparte 1837) and the pond bat – Myotis dasycneme (Boie, 1825).The latter species is probably on the way to become troglophilic. Rhinolophus euryale presents the highest degree of stress to the the anthropic disturbances and with preferences for warmer (11–12°C) and higher RH (95–99%) in shelters is. Its colonies can be up to 1000 individuals, usually hanging by caves’ walls and ceilings. The Cloşani Cave (Mehedinţi Co.) contains the Ghica and the Laboratory galleries. In the first gallery, one of us (V. Gheorghiu) found a colony of R. euryale with approx. 1800 individuals. A part of the individuals were fixed on the extremity of a stalactite. Later, both of us observed for years this phenomena and we regarded it as a possible lek process – a sexual behavior, possibly a kind of survival strategy – to mentain genetically heterogeneity for an endangered bat species population. These family groups or demes on the tip of stalactites are mainly in October – November, when bats still have occasionally foraging flights, before retreating for hibernation. Analysing a sample of one deme, there were 96 individuals of R. euryale – 39 males and 57 females. Visiting other caves (Topolniţa – Mehedinţi Co.; Avenul lui Adam – Caraş-Severin Co. – a tropical cave in temperate region, with 31°C–45°C) we found small colonies of R. euryale, but without clear lek phenomena. Exploring other caves (Peştera cu Apă de la Moară and Peştera Câmpenească) – Moneasa locality – Bihor Co., some amateur speleologists reported bat demes on the tip of different stalactites. Some cases of simbiotic and altruism realationships between different bat species we recorded in Fuşteica Cave (Vâlcan Mountain – Gorj Co.), M. capaccinii and M. dasycneme – use to hiden under Rhinolophus ferumequinum’s wings to be protected against predators and to use the host’s body warm. In Lazului Cave (Gorj Co.) a specimen of M. dasycneme was also protected under R. ferrumequinum’s wings. In Izverna Cave (Mehedinţi Co.) a specimen of Miniopterus schreibersii dissimulated between three close together individuals of M. myotis. Some examples of caves are referring to those with mixed colonies of bats in nursery colonies

An Econophysics Model for Investments using the Law of the Electric Field Flow (Gauss’ Law)

In this paper a new econophysics model of investment processes is proposed and discussed. For this purpose an analogy between the electric field flow and the investment supplying flow with credits for the considered investment is used

An Econophysics Model for Investments using the Law of the Electric Field Flow (Gauss’ Law)

In this paper a new econophysics model of investment processes is proposed and discussed. For this purpose an analogy between the electric field flow and the investment supplying flow with credits for the considered investment is used

26th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting (CNS*2017): Part 3 - Meeting Abstracts - Antwerp, Belgium. 15–20 July 2017

This work was produced as part of the activities of FAPESP Research,\ud Disseminations and Innovation Center for Neuromathematics (grant\ud 2013/07699-0, S. Paulo Research Foundation). NLK is supported by a\ud FAPESP postdoctoral fellowship (grant 2016/03855-5). ACR is partially\ud supported by a CNPq fellowship (grant 306251/2014-0)

CO2-emission reduction by means of enhancement of the thermal conversion efficiency of ice cycles

Paper presented at the 7th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Turkey, 19-21 July, 2010.Most recent implementations of the Atkinson cycle are not ideal from the point of view of thermal conversion efficiency (TCE). For example, Toyota has put a gasoline engine in its Prius II which should achieve high efficiency by using a modified Atkinson cycle based on variable intake valve timing management. Firstly, this implementation of the Atkinson cycle is not the ideal solution because some of the air is first sucked from the intake manifold into the cylinder and subsequently returned back there. Consequently, the oscillating air stream reduces the thermal conversion efficiency of this cycle to a considerable extent Secondly, this implementation of the Atkinson cycle only reaches low levels of indicated mean pressure (IMEP) and, thirdly, it is not suitable for part load engine operating points (BOP) because of the lower TCE. For these reasons, this implementation of the Atkinson cycle is only suitable for hybrid vehicles, where the engine - because it is not directly linked mechanically to the wheels - works only in its best EOP. This paper analyzes the losses in TCE of internal combustion engine (ICE) - especially for the Atkinson cycles - in detail, and a proposal is made for their reduction for aspirated and especially for high pressure supercharged engines.ksb201

Ultra-Downsizing of Internal Combustion Engines

The downsizing of Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) is already recognized as a very suitable method for the concurrent enhancement of Indicated Fuel Conversion Efficiency (IFCE) and the lowering of CO2 and NOx emissions. In this report, ultra-downsizing is introduced as an even higher stage of development of ICE. Ultra-downsizing will be implemented here by means of real Atkinson cycles using asymmetrical crank mechanisms, combined with multi-stage high-pressure turbocharging and very intensive intercooling. This will allow an increase of internal combustion engines (ICE) performance while keeping the thermal and mechanical strain strength of engine components within the current usual limits

An Econophysics Model for the Stock-Markets' Analysis and Diagnosis

In this paper we present an econophysic model for the description of shares transactions in a capital market. For introducing the fundamentals of this model we used an analogy between the electrical field produced by a system of charges and the overall of economic and financial information of the shares transactions from the stock-markets. An energetic approach of the rate variation for the shares traded on the financial markets was proposed and studied.