Ankilozan Spondilit Tanılı Hastalarda Bilişsel Egzersiz Terapi Yaklaşımı Ölçeği’nin Geçerliği, Güvenirliği ve Duyarlılığının Belirlenmesi

This study was planned to investigate the validity, reliability and responsıveness of the "Bilişsel Egzersiz Terapi Yaklaşımı" (BETY-Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach) Scale in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). 157 patients diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis were included in the study. Scales frequently used in AS were selected to investigate the validity of the BETY scale. Functionality, quality of life and mood parameters were examined with these scales. The scales used were Health Assessment Questionnaire for Spondyloarthropathies (HAQ-S), Short Form 36 (SF-36), Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (ASQoL), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) were used for validity of the BETY Scale. The correlation of BETY scale with other scales was found between r=-0,519 and 0,819, p<0,001. The test-retest method and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used for reliability. The correlation between the responses of 34 patients to the BETY scale for 1 week (r = 0.864, p <0.001) and ICC (0.944, p <0.001) were significantly high. The Cronbach alpha coefficient (0.936) was also used for internal consistency which was very high. For the responsiveness of the scale, the correlation of the differences of the BETY Scale with all scales was checked after 3 months in 48 patients with AS. While a high degree of correlation was found with ASQoL (r = 0.672, p <0.001) which is specific to AS, moderate and low correlation was found with other scales. As a result of our study, it was concluded that the BETY Scale is a valid, reliable and responsive assessment tool for AS patients.Bu çalışma ankilozan spondilit (AS) tanılı hastalarda Bilişsel Egzersiz Terapi Yaklaşımı (BETY) Ölçeği’nin geçerliği, güvenirliği ve duyarlılığının belirlenmesi amacıyla planlandı. Çalışmaya AS tanısı alan 157 hasta dahil edildi. BETY ölçeğinin geçerliğini araştırmak için AS'de sıklıkla kullanılan ölçekler seçildi. Bu ölçeklerle fonksiyonellik, yaşam kalitesi ve duygu-durum parametreleri incelendi. Kullanılan ölçekler Spondiloartropatilerde Sağlık Değerlendirme Anketi (Health Assessment Questionnaire for Spondyloarthropathies, HAQ-S), Kısa Form 36 (Short Form 36, SF-36), Ankilozan Spondilit Yaşam Kalitesi Anketi (Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life Questionnaire, ASQoL), Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Skalası (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS), Bath Ankilozan Spondilit Hastalık Aktivitesi İndeksi (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, BASDAI), Bath Ankilozan Spondilit Fonksiyonel İndeks (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, BASFI) idi. BETY Ölçeği'nin diğer ölçeklerle arasındaki korelasyon r=-0,519 ile 0,819 arasında bulundu(p<0,001). Güvenirlik için test-tekrar test yöntemi ve sınıf içi güvenirlik (ICC) katsayısına bakıldı. Bir hafta arayla 34 bireyin BETY Ölçeği'ne verdikleri yanıtların korelasyonu (r=0,864, p<0,001) ve ICC katsayısı (0,944, p<0,001) oldukça yüksekti. Ayrıca iç tutarlılık, Cronbach alfa katsayısına (0,936) göre oldukça yüksek bulundu. Ölçeğin duyarlılığı için 3 ay sonra 48 AS’li hastada BETY ölçeğinin tüm ölçeklerle zamana bağlı değişim korelasyonuna bakıldı. AS' ye spesifik olan ASQoL ile yüksek derecede korelasyon bulunurken (r=0,672, p<0,001), diğer ölçeklerle orta ve düşük derecede korelasyon bulundu. Çalışmamızın sonucunda BETY ölçeğinin AS’li bireylerde geçerli, güvenilir ve duyarlı bir değerlendirme aracı olduğu görüşüne varıldı

The Role of Core Stability and Core Muscles in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Review of Functional and Clinical Importance

Purpose: Physiotherapy and exercise training are one of the cornerstones in the treatment of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). However, although the effects of exercise programs and their superiority over each other have still not been determined, research on this subject is continuing in the literature day by day. Due to the pathophysiology of AS, the spine is one of the most affected areas of the musculoskeletal system. Therefore, stabilization of the lumbopelvic region and the spine, which is the reference point for the core muscles, is important for the treatment and management of this disease. In this review, we summarize the available literature on the involvement of core muscles and core stability in patients with AS and the studies on core training programs.Keywords: Ankylosing spondylitis, axial spondyloarthritis, core stability, core muscles, exerciseasdasd</div

The trace element analysis in freshwater fish species, water and sediment in Iyidere stream (Rize-Turkey)

PubMed: 24171246Many environmental problems like dam construction, agricultural debris, flooding and industrial establishments threaten Iyidere stream (Rize, Turkey) on the southeastern coast of the Black Sea (Turkey). The trace element concentrations in water, fish and sediments in Iyidere stream (Rize, Turkey) were investigated in this study. The concentration of six different elements in ten freshwater fish species and sediment was determined using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence method. A radioisotope excited X-ray fluorescence analysis using the method of multiple standard addition is applied for the elemental analysis of fish and sediments. Water samples for trace metals were analyzed using standard spectrophotometry methods. A qualitative analysis of spectral peaks showed that ten different freshwater fish samples (Chondrostoma colchicum, Chalcalburnus chalcoides, Salmo trutta labrax, Alburnoides bipunctatus, Leuciscus cephalus, Barbus taurus escherichia, Capoeta tinea, Neogobius kessleri, Rutilus frisii, Lampetra lanceolata) and sediment contained phosphorus (P), sulphur (S), chlorine (Cl), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and titanium (Ti). Heavy metals as toxic elements for biota (Pb, Cd, Hg, Zn and Mn etc.) were not detected in fish, water and sediments. Thus, It can be declared that freshwater fish of Iyidere does not contains health risks for consumers in terms of metal pollution. © 2012 Asian Network for Scientific Information

A new biopsychosocial questionnaire (BETY-BQ) for patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Introduction: Scales for biopsychosocial evaluation of patients are limited. This study assessed the validity, reliability, and responsiveness of a Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach-Biopsychosocial Questionnaire (Bilişsel Egzersiz Terapi Yaklaşımı-Biopsychosocial Questionnaire; BETY-BQ) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods: Health Assessment Questionnaire for Spondyloarthropathies (HAQ-S), Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (ASQoL), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), were selected to investigate the validity of the BETY-BQ. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used as the data were not normally distributed. For scale reliability, the test-retest method was performed, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was calculated and Cronbach's alpha (α) coefficient was checked for internal consistency. The same scales were applied to patients under medical treatment at 3-month intervals for the determination of responsiveness. Results: A total of 157 individuals took part, including 106 (67.5%) male participants and 51 (32.5%) female participants, with a mean age of 43.86±11.60 years. The correlations of BETY-BQ with the HAQ-S, ASQoL, HADS, BASDAI, and BASFI were very high to moderate (r = 0.819 to r = 0.583, p<0.001). The test-retest method was used for reliability, and the correlation between the responses was very high (r = 0.846, p<0.001). The ICC (r = 0.944, p<0.001) and the Cronbach's α value (0.936) were checked and were found to be excellent. In the correlation analysis of time-dependent changes, a weak to high correlation was found between BETY-BQ and the other scales (r = 0.672 to r = 0.285, p<0.001). As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis, it was determined that all goodness-of-fit indices of BETY-BQ except GFI were suitable and the construct validity of the scale was ensured. Conclusion: A valid, reliable and responsive biopsychosocial questionnaire BETY- BQ was added to the literature. This scale is easy-to-understand and practical, and can be used both in the clinic and in research for the biopsychosocial assessment of individuals