Pseudomonas aeruginosa acquisition on an intensive care unit: relationship between antibiotic selective pressure and patients' environment

International audienceABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: To investigate the relationship between Pseudomonas aeruginosa acquisition on the intensive care unit (ICU), environmental contamination and antibiotic selective pressure against P. aeruginosa. METHODS: An open, prospective cohort study was carried out in a 16-bed medical ICU where P. aeruginosa was endemic. Over a 6-month period, all patients without P. aeruginosa on admission and with a length of stay >72 h were included. Throat, nasal, rectal, sputum and urine samples were taken on admission and at weekly intervals and screened for P. aeruginosa. All antibiotic treatments were recorded daily. Environmental analysis included weekly tap water specimen culture and presence of other patients colonized with P. aeruginosa. RESULTS: One-hundred and twenty-six patients were included, comprising 1345 patient-days. Antibiotics were given to 106 patients (antibiotic selective pressure for P. aeruginosa in 39). P. aeruginosa was acquired by 20 patients (16%) and was isolated from 164/536 environmental samples (31%). Two conditions were independently associated with P. aeruginosa acquisition by multivariate analysis: (i) patients receiving [greater than or equal to]3 days of antibiotic selective pressure together with at least one colonized patient on the same ward on the previous day (OR=10.3 [95%CI: 1.8-57.4]; P=0.01); and (ii) presence of an invasive device (OR=7.7 [95%CI: 2.3-25.7]; P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Specific interaction between both patient colonization pressure and selective antibiotic pressure is the most relevant factor for P. aeruginosa acquisition on an ICU. This suggests that combined efforts are needed against both factors to decrease colonization with P. aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa in intensive care unit : epidemiology and risk factors for acquisition

Malgré les avancées en matière de prévention, Pseudomonas aeruginosa reste un pathogène fréquent et délétère en réanimation. Des facteurs de risque d’acquisition de ce micro-organisme ont déjà pu être identifiés, mais jamais dans un contexte multicentrique et rarement en ajustant sur des caractéristiques du service. Si l’analyse de la littérature était jusqu’alors en faveur d’une forte origine individuelle, la part du contexte d’hospitalisation et des caractéristiques de la réanimation paraît de moins en moins négligeable. Notre travail a permis non seulement de faire un état des lieux concernant les connaissances actuelles sur Pseudomonas aeruginosa en réanimation mais également d’identifier des profils type de patients et services de réanimation plus à risque vis à vis de ce micro-organisme. L’intérêt majeur est non seulement de pouvoir ainsi orienter les cliniciens face à une conjonction d’éléments mais surtout, là où les facteurs patients restent souvent peu modifiables, d’identifier des éléments contextuels d’acquisition sur lesquels il serait possible d’agir afin de réduire le risque infectieux.Despite major advance in techniques and reinforcement of infection control measures, Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains frequent in intensive care unit (ICU) and is responsible for severe hospital-acquired infections. Several patient and pathogen-specific risk factors have been associated with acquisition of P. aeruginosa in ICUs Nevertheless those risk factors were identified in monocentric studies which rarely took in account the context of cares. If individual risk factors for P. aeruginosa acquisition have appeared to be predominant since then, the role of contextual variables seems to have been underestimated. This thesis provides insight into the epidemiology of P. aeruginosa in ICU, identifies individual and contextual risk factors for P. aeruginosa infection and P. aeruginosa acquisition and emphasizes the interest of contextual variables which gives new perspectives to P. aeruginosa prevention

Pseudomonas aeruginosa in intensive care unit : epidemiology and risk factors for acquisition

Malgré les avancées en matière de prévention, Pseudomonas aeruginosa reste un pathogène fréquent et délétère en réanimation. Des facteurs de risque d’acquisition de ce micro-organisme ont déjà pu être identifiés, mais jamais dans un contexte multicentrique et rarement en ajustant sur des caractéristiques du service. Si l’analyse de la littérature était jusqu’alors en faveur d’une forte origine individuelle, la part du contexte d’hospitalisation et des caractéristiques de la réanimation paraît de moins en moins négligeable. Notre travail a permis non seulement de faire un état des lieux concernant les connaissances actuelles sur Pseudomonas aeruginosa en réanimation mais également d’identifier des profils type de patients et services de réanimation plus à risque vis à vis de ce micro-organisme. L’intérêt majeur est non seulement de pouvoir ainsi orienter les cliniciens face à une conjonction d’éléments mais surtout, là où les facteurs patients restent souvent peu modifiables, d’identifier des éléments contextuels d’acquisition sur lesquels il serait possible d’agir afin de réduire le risque infectieux.Despite major advance in techniques and reinforcement of infection control measures, Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains frequent in intensive care unit (ICU) and is responsible for severe hospital-acquired infections. Several patient and pathogen-specific risk factors have been associated with acquisition of P. aeruginosa in ICUs Nevertheless those risk factors were identified in monocentric studies which rarely took in account the context of cares. If individual risk factors for P. aeruginosa acquisition have appeared to be predominant since then, the role of contextual variables seems to have been underestimated. This thesis provides insight into the epidemiology of P. aeruginosa in ICU, identifies individual and contextual risk factors for P. aeruginosa infection and P. aeruginosa acquisition and emphasizes the interest of contextual variables which gives new perspectives to P. aeruginosa prevention

Pseudomonas aeruginosa en réanimation (épidémiologie et facteurs de risque d'acquisition)

Malgré les avancées en matière de prévention, Pseudomonas aeruginosa reste un pathogène fréquent et délétère en réanimation. Des facteurs de risque d acquisition de ce micro-organisme ont déjà pu être identifiés, mais jamais dans un contexte multicentrique et rarement en ajustant sur des caractéristiques du service. Si l analyse de la littérature était jusqu alors en faveur d une forte origine individuelle, la part du contexte d hospitalisation et des caractéristiques de la réanimation paraît de moins en moins négligeable. Notre travail a permis non seulement de faire un état des lieux concernant les connaissances actuelles sur Pseudomonas aeruginosa en réanimation mais également d identifier des profils type de patients et services de réanimation plus à risque vis à vis de ce micro-organisme. L intérêt majeur est non seulement de pouvoir ainsi orienter les cliniciens face à une conjonction d éléments mais surtout, là où les facteurs patients restent souvent peu modifiables, d identifier des éléments contextuels d acquisition sur lesquels il serait possible d agir afin de réduire le risque infectieux.Despite major advance in techniques and reinforcement of infection control measures, Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains frequent in intensive care unit (ICU) and is responsible for severe hospital-acquired infections. Several patient and pathogen-specific risk factors have been associated with acquisition of P. aeruginosa in ICUs Nevertheless those risk factors were identified in monocentric studies which rarely took in account the context of cares. If individual risk factors for P. aeruginosa acquisition have appeared to be predominant since then, the role of contextual variables seems to have been underestimated. This thesis provides insight into the epidemiology of P. aeruginosa in ICU, identifies individual and contextual risk factors for P. aeruginosa infection and P. aeruginosa acquisition and emphasizes the interest of contextual variables which gives new perspectives to P. aeruginosa prevention.BORDEAUX2-Bib. électronique (335229905) / SudocSudocFranceF

Influence de l'hérédité et de l'exposition agricole dans l'enfance sur l'existence d'asthme et d'allergie à l'âge adulte (étude d'une population d'agriculteurs du Doubs)

BESANCON-BU Médecine pharmacie (250562102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Le sex-ratio des naissances (un indicateur sentinelle de pollution environnementale ?)

BESANCON-BU Médecine pharmacie (250562102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Influence des facteurs individuels et environnementaux sur le declin de la fonction respiratoire des producteurs laitiers

National audienc

Improving prediction of surgical site infection risk with multilevel modeling.

BACKGROUND: Surgical site infection (SSI) surveillance is a key factor in the elaboration of strategies to reduce SSI occurrence and in providing surgeons with appropriate data feedback (risk indicators, clinical prediction rule). AIM: To improve the predictive performance of an individual-based SSI risk model by considering a multilevel hierarchical structure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data were collected anonymously by the French SSI active surveillance system in 2011. An SSI diagnosis was made by the surgical teams and infection control practitioners following standardized criteria. A random 20% sample comprising 151 hospitals, 502 wards and 62280 patients was used. Three-level (patient, ward, hospital) hierarchical logistic regression models were initially performed. Parameters were estimated using the simulation-based Markov Chain Monte Carlo procedure. RESULTS: A total of 623 SSI were diagnosed (1%). The hospital level was discarded from the analysis as it did not contribute to variability of SSI occurrence (p  = 0.32). Established individual risk factors (patient history, surgical procedure and hospitalization characteristics) were identified. A significant heterogeneity in SSI occurrence between wards was found (median odds ratio [MOR] 3.59, 95% credibility interval [CI] 3.03 to 4.33) after adjusting for patient-level variables. The effects of the follow-up duration varied between wards (p<10-9), with an increased heterogeneity when follow-up was <15 days (MOR 6.92, 95% CI 5.31 to 9.07]). The final two-level model significantly improved the discriminative accuracy compared to the single level reference model (p<10-9), with an area under the ROC curve of 0.84. CONCLUSION: This study sheds new light on the respective contribution of patient-, ward- and hospital-levels to SSI occurrence and demonstrates the significant impact of the ward level over and above risk factors present at patient level (i.e., independently from patient case-mix)

Flow diagram for the surgical site infection study (French RAISIN surveillance system, 2011).

<p>Flow diagram for the surgical site infection study (French RAISIN surveillance system, 2011).</p