Comparison of asian soybean rust chemical control on a susceptible and a resistant cultivar in Brazil.

The development of resistant cultivars to the Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, brought an additional tool to the disease management in Brazil. ASR develops slower in resistant cultivars than in susceptible ones, allowing a reduction of the number of fungicide sprays, but chemical control is still necessary. A field trial was conducted in Ponta Grossa, Parana State, in order to compare the effects of ASR chemical control with four fungicide formulations, in both resistant (BRSGO 7560) and susceptible (CD 249 RR) soybean cultivars. The fungicides were applied twice, beginning at soybean growth stage R3?R4, when first uredinia were observed, and at soybean stage R5.3?R5.4. The fungicides used were premix formulations of pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole + fluxapyroxad (40+64.8+40 g a.i./ha), azoxystrobin + cyproconazole (60+24 g a.i./ha), pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole (79.8+30 g a.i./ha), and epoxiconazole (125 g a.i./ha). The ASR severity at soybean growth stage R7 on nonsprayed plots reached 75.4% on the resistant cultivar and 98.6% on the susceptible cultivar. Lower ASR severity index were observed in the resistant cultivar, with the treatments pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole (9.8%), pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole + fluxapyroxad (10.5%), and azoxystrobin + cyproconazole (10.9%), with an average of disease control ranging from 90.8 to 91.3%. The treatments with pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole + fluxapyroxad provided the lower yield reductions on both soybean cultivars. The yield and grain weight reductions in the nonsprayed treatment were 32 and 28%, respectively, on the resistant cultivar and 44 and 32%, respectively, on the susceptible cultivar

Medida Rápida e Simultânea dos Tempos de Relaxação Longitudinal e Transversal por RMN-CWFP.

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Applications of IGY antibodies to influenza a virus detection in infected cells by immunocytochemistry.

Introduction and objectives: Influenza is a disease caused by infection of the host respiratory tract by influenza type A virus that affects a wide variety of species, including human, swine, equine, poultry and sea mammals. The viral RNA is encapsidated by the nucleoprotein (NP), which is a highly conserved protein among influenza A viruses. Detection of influenza virus can be accomplished by assessing specific immune response to the virus, by direct detection of viral RNA or virus antigen in infected tissues. Some diagnostic tests use antibodies produced in mammals to influenza virus detection. However, due to high cost and concerns related to animal welfare, alternative production of antibodies in mammals has been described. The immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is a class of antibodies in poultry that is transferred to the egg yolk. These antibodies are easy to obtain from eggs and their use has been described for immunotherapy, immunodiagnosis and research. The objective of this study was to produce IgY antibodies anti-NP in laying hens immunized with influenza A virus NP, and to evaluate the purified IgY antibodies in influenza virus detection

Molecular testing for the clinical diagnosis of fibrolamellar carcinoma.

Fibrolamellar carcinoma has a distinctive morphology and immunophenotype, including cytokeratin 7 and CD68 co-expression. Despite the distinct findings, accurate diagnosis of fibrolamellar carcinoma continues to be a challenge. Recently, fibrolamellar carcinomas were found to harbor a characteristic somatic gene fusion, DNAJB1-PRKACA. A break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay was designed to detect this fusion event and to examine its diagnostic performance in a large, multicenter, multinational study. Cases initially classified as fibrolamellar carcinoma based on histological features were reviewed from 124 patients. Upon central review, 104 of the 124 cases were classified histologically as typical of fibrolamellar carcinoma, 12 cases as 'possible fibrolamellar carcinoma' and 8 cases as 'unlikely to be fibrolamellar carcinoma'. PRKACA FISH was positive for rearrangement in 102 of 103 (99%) typical fibrolamellar carcinomas, 9 of 12 'possible fibrolamellar carcinomas' and 0 of 8 cases 'unlikely to be fibrolamellar carcinomas'. Within the morphologically typical group of fibrolamellar carcinomas, two tumors with unusual FISH patterns were also identified. Both cases had the fusion gene DNAJB1-PRKACA, but one also had amplification of the fusion gene and one had heterozygous deletion of the normal PRKACA locus. In addition, 88 conventional hepatocellular carcinomas were evaluated with PRKACA FISH and all were negative. These findings demonstrate that FISH for the PRKACA rearrangement is a clinically useful tool to confirm the diagnosis of fibrolamellar carcinoma, with high sensitivity and specificity. A diagnosis of fibrolamellar carcinoma is more accurate when based on morphology plus confirmatory testing than when based on morphology alone

ESR, raman and conductivity studies on fractionated poly(2-methoxyaniline-5-sulfonic acid)

Synthesis methods used to produce poly(2-methoxyaniline-5-sulfonic acid) (PMAS), a water soluble, self-doped conducting polymer, have been shown to form two distinctly different polymer fractions with molecular weights of approximately 2 kDa and 8 -10 kDa. The low molecular weight (LMWT) PMAS fraction is redox inactive and non-conducting while the high molecular weight (HMWT) PMAS is electro-active with electrical conductivities of 0.94 0.05 S cm-1. Previous investigations have illustrated the different photochemical and electrochemical properties of these fractions, but have not correlated these properties with the structural and electronic interactions that drive them. Incomplete purification of the PMAS mixture, typically via bag dialysis, has been shown to result in a mixture of approximately 50:50 HMWT:LMWT PMAS with electrical conductivity significantly lower at approximately 0.10 to 0.26 S cm-1. The difference between the electrical conductivities of these fractions has been investigated by the controlled addition of the non-conducting LMWT PMAS fraction into the HMWT PMAS composite film with the subsequent electronic properties investigated by solid-state ESR and Raman spectroscopies. These studies illustrate strong electronic intereactions of the insulating LMWT PMAS with the emeraldine salt HMWT PMAS to substantially alter the population of the electronic charge carriers in the conducting polymer. ESR studies on these mixtures, when compared to HMWT PMAS, exhibited a lower level of electron spin in the presence of LMWT PMAS indicative of the the formation of low spin bipolarons without a change the oxidation state of the conducting HMWT fraction

Eficiência de fungicidas para o controle da mancha-alvo, Corynespora cassiicola, na safra 2012/13: resultados sumarizados dos ensaios cooperativos.

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Eficiência de fungicidas para controle de giberela do trigo: resultados dos Ensaios Cooperativos - Safra 2019

O trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) é uma cultura de grande importância mundial e com crescente demanda no mercado brasileiro, principalmente por derivados desse cereal. No entanto, a produção brasileira não atende à demanda de consumo interna. Entre os fatores limitantes da cultura destaca-se as doenças causadas por fungos, que podem comprometer o desenvolvimento das plantas e gerar perda de rendimento quando relacionadas a condições climá­ticas favoráveis à ocorrência e severidade de patógenos (Lau et al., 2011). A giberela causada pelo fungo Gibberella zeae, (Schw) Petch. (anamorfo Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) é uma das doenças fúngicas mais destrutivas da cultura do trigo e de ocorrência generalizada em todas as regiões tritícolas, devido ao difícil controle e por ser altamente influenciada pelo ambiente. (...)O uso de cultivares resistentes é a medida preferencial de controle de doenças. Entretanto, atualmente não existem cultivares de trigo indicadas para plantio, que sejam resistentes o suficiente a ponto de não necessitar de ao menos uma aplicação de fungicidas .(...)A Rede de Ensaios Cooperativos reúne diversas instituições de pesquisa e empresas produtoras de fungicidas, visando avaliar anualmente a eficiên­cia de produtos (registrados ou em fase de registro) no controle da giberela a campo, sob infecção natural, nas principais regiões produtoras de trigo (Santana et al., 2012, 2014, 2016a, 2016b, 2016c, 2019). Este documento relata os resultados obtidos com os ensaios cooperativos para controle de giberela do trigo com uso de fungicidas, na safra de 2019. Palavras-chaves: trigo, Triticum aestivum L., giberela, controle químico, Rede de Ensaios Cooperativosbitstream/item/221447/1/CircTec-62-online.pd

Interference with Hemozoin Formation Represents an Important Mechanism of Schistosomicidal Action of Antimalarial Quinoline Methanols

Heme is an essential molecule to most living organisms, but once in a free state it exerts toxic effects. Blood-feeding organisms evolved efficient ways to detoxify free heme derived from hemoglobin digestion. A key mechanism present in some hematophagous organisms consists of the crystallization of heme into a pigment named hemozoin. Schistosoma mansoni is one of the etiologic agents of human schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease that affects over 200 million people in tropical and subtropical areas. Hemozoin formation represents the main heme detoxification pathway in S. mansoni. Here, we report that the antimalarial quinoline methanols quinine and quinidine exert schistosomicidal effects notably due to their capacity to interfere with hemozoin formation. When quinine or quinidine were administered intraperitoneally during seven days to S. mansoni-infected mice (75 mg/kg/day), both worm and eggs burden were significantly reduced. Interestingly, hemozoin content in female worms was drastically affected after treatment with either compound. We also found that quinine caused important changes in the cellular organization of worm gastrodermis and increased expression of genes related to musculature, protein synthesis and repair mechanisms. Together, our results indicate that interference with hemozoin formation is a valid chemotherapeutic target for development of new schistosomicidal agents