2,036 research outputs found
A Non-Cooperative Game Theoretical Approach For Power Control In Virtual MIMO Wireless Sensor Network
Power management is one of the vital issue in wireless sensor networks, where
the lifetime of the network relies on battery powered nodes. Transmitting at
high power reduces the lifetime of both the nodes and the network. One
efficient way of power management is to control the power at which the nodes
transmit. In this paper, a virtual multiple input multiple output wireless
sensor network (VMIMO-WSN)communication architecture is considered and the
power control of sensor nodes based on the approach of game theory is
formulated. The use of game theory has proliferated, with a broad range of
applications in wireless sensor networking. Approaches from game theory can be
used to optimize node level as well as network wide performance. The game here
is categorized as an incomplete information game, in which the nodes do not
have complete information about the strategies taken by other nodes. For
virtual multiple input multiple output wireless sensor network architecture
considered, the Nash equilibrium is used to decide the optimal power level at
which a node needs to transmit, to maximize its utility. Outcome shows that the
game theoretic approach considered for VMIMO-WSN architecture achieves the best
utility, by consuming less power.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure
Trust Based Participant Driven Privacy Control in Participatory Sensing
Widespread use of sensors and multisensory personal devices generate a lot of
personal information. Sharing this information with others could help in
various ways. However, this information may be misused when shared with all.
Sharing of information between trusted parties overcomes this problem. This
paper describes a model to share information based on interactions and opinions
to build trust among peers. It also considers institutional and other controls,
which influence the behaviour of the peers. The trust and control build
confidence. The computed confidence bespeaks whether to reveal information or
not thereby increasing trusted cooperation among peers.Comment: 14 page
Estimation of the methane emission factor for the Italian Mediterranean buffalo
In order to contribute to the improvement of the national greenhouse gas emission inventory, this work aimed at estimating a country-specific enteric methane (CH4) emission factor for the Italian Mediterranean buffalo. For this purpose, national agriculture statistics, and information on animal production and farming conditions were analysed, and the emission factor was estimated using the Tier 2 model of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Country-specific CH4 emission factors for buffalo cows (630 kg body weight, BW) and other buffalo (313 kg BW) categories were estimated for the period 1990–2004. In 2004, the estimated enteric CH4 emission factor for the buffalo cows was 73 kg/head per year, whereas that for other buffalo categories it was 56 kg/head per year. Research in order to determine specific CH4 conversion rates at the predominant production system is suggested
THE COMPLETE GUIDE TO CASHEWS: NUTRITION, HEALTH BENEFITS, AND POTENTIAL DRAWBACKS
Abstract
The study is fully researcher past observation from the field. The researcher is from Panruti Taluka, which is more production cashews in Tamil Nadu. The researcher born and brought from this aria obliviously has a lot of ideas and usage in cashews. This article is a historical and experienced-based study. Hence, the article hasn’t the methodology and research hypothesis. This study is going to explain in details cashews nutrition’s, and it is benefits as well as demerits
Electrode effects on the observability of destructive quantum interference in single-molecule junctions
Destructive quantum interference (QI) has been a source of interest as a new
paradigm for molecular electronics as the electronic conductance is widely
dependent on the occurrence or absence of destructive QI effects. In order to
interpret experimentally observed transmission features, it is necessary to
understand the effects of all components of the junction on electron transport.
We perform non-equilibrium Green's function calculations within the framework
of density functional theory to assess the structure-function relationship of
transport through pyrene molecular junctions with distinct QI properties. The
chemical nature of the anchor groups and the electrodes controls the Fermi
level alignment, which determines the observability of destructive QI. A
thorough analysis allows to disentangle the transmission features arising from
the molecule and the electrodes. Interestingly, graphene electrodes introduce
features in the low-bias regime, which can either mask or be misinterpreted as
QI effects, while instead originating from the topological properties of the
edges. Thus, this first principles analysis provides clear indications to guide
the interpretation of experimental studies, which cannot be obtained from
simple H\"uckel model calculations.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure
Set-up of a multi wavelength polar photometer for off-line absorption coefficient measurements on 1-h resolved aerosol samples
In this paper, a polar photometer (PP_UniMI) was set up to measure the aerosol absorption
coefficient (\u3c3ap) at four wavelengths (\u3bb) on 1-h resolved aerosol samples collected using a
streaker sampler. Due to the characteristics of such samples (small deposit area, low aerosol load,
and limited substrate thickness 12 10 \u3bcm), the main technical developments aimed at reaching
suitable limits of detection (LODs). To this aim, multiple scattering between the sample and a
suitable substrate were exploited to amplify the system sensitivity to absorbing particle load. In
the paper, the development and test of this innovative approach is presented.
LODs for \u3c3ap in the range 5.0\u201311.6 Mm 121 were reached, depending on the wavelength. Such
values were suitable for the analysis of 1-hour resolved samples collected at an urban background
site in Milan (Italy) during a test campaign of 1-week carried out in winter 2015. The
methodology was validated comparing \u3c3ap measurements performed by PP_UniMI at
\u3bb=635 nm on the streaker sample to the data obtained by a Multi-Angle Absorption
Photometer (MAAP) operated in parallel. Agreement within 10% was found. To check the
results obtained at other wavelengths, \uc5ngstr\uf6m Absorption Exponent (AAE) was calculated from
\u3c3ap measurements at 4-\u3bb. The AAE values resulted in the range of expectations for aerosol
emitted by fossil fuel combustion (0.8\u20131.2) and wood burning (0.9\u20133.5), which are the main
sources contributing to absorbing aerosol in urban areas in winter.
The analytical methodology can be extended to samples collected with high time resolution
using other high-time resolution samplers (e.g. drum rotating impactors).
This is \u2013 as far as we know \u2013 the first time that \u3c3ap measurements are performed on streaker
samples collected with 1-h resolution. Our results thus set PP_UniMI as an important tool for the
community performing high time resolved sampling to widen the characterisation of such
samples and to further develop source apportionment studies
PIXE and ToF-SIMS analysis of streaker samplers filters
This paper presents methodological innovations introduced in the characterisation of urban aerosol collected in Italy in a recent campaign. Two complementary ion beam analysis (IBA) techniques were used to analyse Nuclepore filters used in continuous streaker samplers to collect airborne particles in four Italian towns. Na to Pb elemental concentrations were obtained by particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE), while time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) produced, on the same samples, time trends for several elements and molecular fragments. In addition, light attenuation measurements were used as a tracer for black carbon. The data produced by these three techniques was merged into a unique data set to address the characterisation of particulate matter sources. Correlations between elemental concentration trends (PIXE) and relative trends for molecular fragments (ToF-SIMS) and black carbon (light attenuation) have been studied by cluster and principal component analysis
Analysis of outcomes of facial nerve decompression.
Paralysis of facial nerve is a cause of significant functional and
aesthetic compromise. It is also accompanied with various social and
psychological consequences.
Most patients with facial paralysis recover spontaneously.
Occasionally there lies as underlying potentially life threatening condition or
a potentially curable condition which requires an early intervention. Few may
spend their lives as facial cripples because treatment was not offered until
death of facial nerve was established by electrical activity.
Functional concerns primarily involve adequate protection of
eye with a real risk of exposure keratitis if not properly addressed. In addition
swallowing, drooling and speech difficulties may arise. The degree of
suffering these patients feel however is far greater than these functional
problems alone would produce.
All the patients undergoing facial nerve decompression were analyzed
and the outcomes were observed.
An ideal reporting system for grading facial weakness is not available.
The most commonly used House- Brackmann’s grading has inter
observer variation. The grading system used for assessing improvement is a qualitative grading system , so an appropriate statistical analysis could not be
used. Analysis was based on improvement by the number of grades.
Improvement from grade VI – IV is not the same as the improvement
from grade III – I , which was considered as improvement by 2 grades
for analysis
Sample size was small to arrive at definitive conclusions
Follow up time to show significant improvement was variable between
patients, which was not taken into consideration. Nerve grafting takes a
longer time to show improvement in facial nerve weakness. So a
standardized period of follow up can produce fallacies
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